Carbonized pollen grains of Typha (CPT) were widely used in clinical for antithrombosis, wound and bleeding in China. In order to ensure the role of drugs, it is very important to control the quality of drugs. However, there is a lack of monitoring methods in the process of charcoal preparation. To characterize the process of CPT, we used thermal analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), color measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and HPLC. In this study, 7 min was the optimal processing time and the heating process condition should be controlled under 272.35 ± 7.23 °C. This comprehensive strategy to depict the whole carbonizing process would provide new ideas for researches on quality control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and processing theory of charcoal medicine.