As the capacity of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with commercial graphite anodes is gradually approaching the theoretical capacity of carbon, the development of silicon-based anodes, with higher energy density, has attracted great attention. However, the large volume variation during its lithiation/de-lithiation tends to lead to capacity decay and poor cycling performance. While rationally designed silicon/carbon (Si/C) anodes can exhibit higher specific capacity by virtue of silicon and high electrical conductivity and volume expansion suppression by virtue of carbon, they still show poor cycling performance with low initial coulombic efficiency. This review focuses on three strategies for structural design and optimization of Si/C anodes, i.e., carbon-coated structure, embedded structure and hollow structure, based on the recent researches into Si/Canodes and provides deeper insights into the problems that remain to be addressed.

In high dynamic scenes, fringe projection profilometry (FPP) may encounter fringe saturation, and the phase calculated will also be affected to produce errors. This paper proposes a saturated fringe restoration method to solve this problem, taking the four-step phase shift as an example. Firstly, according to the saturation of the fringe group, the concepts of reliable area, shallow saturated area, and deep saturated area are proposed. Then, the parameter A related to the reflectivity of the object in the reliable area is calculated to interpolate A in the shallow and deep saturated areas. The theoretically shallow and deep saturated areas are not known in actual experiments. However, morphological operations can be used to dilate and erode reliable areas to produce cubic spline interpolation (CSI) areas and biharmonic spline interpolation (BSI) areas, which roughly correspond to shallow and deep saturated areas. After A is restored, it can be used as a known quantity to restore the saturated fringe using the unsaturated fringe in the same position, the remaining unrecoverable part of the fringe can be completed using CSI, and then the same part of the symmetrical fringe can be further restored. To further reduce the influence of nonlinear error, the Hilbert transform is also used in the phase calculation process of the actual experiment. The simulation and experimental results validate that the proposed method can still obtain correct results without adding additional equipment or increasing projection number, which proves the feasibility and robustness of the method.

An improved three-frequency heterodyne synthesis phase unwrapping method is proposed to improve the measurement accuracy through phase difference and phase sum operations. This method can reduce the effect of noise and increase the equivalent phase frequency. According to the distribution found in the phase difference calculation process, the Otsu segmentation is introduced to judge the phase threshold. The equivalent frequency obtained from the phase sum is more than those of all projected fringe patterns. In addition, the appropriate period combinations are also studied. The simulations and related experiments demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method and the ability to improve the accuracy of the measurement results further.

Ester-based electrolytes in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) offer high oxidative stability but often suffer from poor stability of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on hard carbon anodes, severely limiting fast-charging capabilities and cycling lifespan. To address this interfacial instability, this work introduces trimethoxysilane (HTOS) as an electrolyte additive into 1 M NaPF₆ in EC:DMC electrolyte (denoted as ED). Compared with the rough and inorganic-rich interphase formed in the ED electrolyte, the HTOS additive induces the formation of a smoother, more uniform, and organic-rich SEI. This optimized interfacial structure effectively suppresses continuous interfacial degradation during cycling and significantly reduces the apparent activation energy for Na⁺ migration. Consequently, the HTOS-modified electrolyte demonstrates markedly superior electrochemical performance, delivering a reversible capacity of 198.76 mAh g⁻¹ at 1C and maintaining 85% of the initial capacity after 200 cycles at 0.5 C. This study demonstrates that utilizing silicon-containing functional additives for SEI regulation is a highly effective strategy to enhance the fast-charging and long-term cycling stability of hard carbon anodes in SIBs.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are promising for large-scale energy storage due to their intrinsic safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, their practical application is severely impeded by water-induced parasitic reactions and uncontrollable dendrite growth at the anode interface. Furthermore, the freezing of aqueous electrolytes at subzero temperature restricts their all-weather viability. Herein, we report a hydrogel electrolyte with interfacial regulation capabilities. By optimizing interfacial ion transport, the hydrogel electrolyte guides uniform Zn²⁺ deposition, effectively mitigating parasitic reactions and dendrite growth while enabling exceptional low-temperature tolerance. Consequently, the symmetric Zn//Zn cell using the hydrogel electrolyte delivers ultra-high cycling stability for 4000 h at 0.5 mA cm⁻² under −30 °C. When assembled into full cells, the Zn//NH₄V₄O₁₀ configuration operates stably for 4000 cycles at 5 A g⁻¹, exhibiting outstanding capacity retention. Furthermore, the assembled flexible pouch cell maintains 86% of initial capacity after 900 cycles at 3 A g⁻¹. Notably, the pouch cells demonstrate reliable operation and structural integrity under severe conditions, such as ice baths, bending, and piercing. This work provides an effective strategy for durable, wide-temperature, and intrinsically safe flexible aqueous energy storage systems.

The authors wish to make the following corrections to the original paper