Phthalates are known as endocrine disruptors and are common in plastic polymers, varnishes, and printing inks. However, they most often enter the human body through food. Plastic materials that hold food contain different chemicals, and phthalates are one of them. Phthalates can also be found in microplastics since microplastic particles serve as a vector for different chemicals that can be slowly released into food and beverages. The aim of this preliminary study was to determine the concentration and types of phthalates (dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-n-octyl-phthalate) in beer packaged in aluminum cans, PET, and glass bottles. Ten aluminum-canned beers, sixteen PET-packaged, and eighteen glass-bottled beers were bought at a local food store and subjected to GC–MS analysis to quantify and qualify phthalates. The results indicate that PET-packaged beers can contain significant amounts of phthalates; in sample P10, the total sum of phthalates reached 219.82 µg/L. Especially high concentrations of dibutyl phthalate were found in all samples, but the highest concentration was detected in sample P13 at 92.17 µg/L. However, canned beers showed even higher levels of certain phthalates, such as bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, which amounted to 326.81 µg/L in sample C1. In short, phthalates pose a serious health-concerning problem and should be regarded as such.

Infections caused by motile aeromonads are ubiquitous and are associated with several species and subspecies including Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas caviae, and Aeromonas sobria. These bacteria are opportunistic pathogens and cause diseases in freshwater (less commonly marine) fish worldwide. Despite their undisputed high prevalence, the fact that infection with motile aeromonads is often a secondary infection often diminishes its significance. However, the presence of this infection in fish farms, especially if the causative agent is A. hydrophila, should not be ignored, as although it may not be a primary pathogen, this infection is the most common factor significantly affecting fish morbidity and mortality. In addition to the mentioned infections with A. hydrophila, other bacterial agents of fish diseases such as bacteria of the genus Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, and mycobacteriosis are also present. Also, the fact that members of the motile aeromonad group occur worldwide and affect a large number of fish species in different freshwater environments makes this disease an important factor in aquaculture and open waters. Due to the occurrence of numerous viral diseases in domestic aquaculture in fish farms and other fish farming systems, the incidence of secondary bacterial infections in fish has drastically increased as a result. Consequently, the uncontrolled and unprofessional use of antimicrobial drugs for the prevention and treatment of fish from these bacterial and viral infections has increased. All of this has collectively resulted in a certain degree of resistance of bacterial pathogens of fish diseases to certain antimicrobial therapeutic agents. In aquaculture, as well as in other animal farming areas, antibiotics are used for the prevention and treatment of infections. Some of the common types of antibiotics used in aquaculture, expressed as percentages in relation to their use and prevalence, are: Tetracyclines (30-40%), Florfenicol (20-30%), Oxytetracycline (20%), Sulfonamides (10-15%), Fluoroquinolones (5-10%), Nitrofurans (up to 5%). The prevalence of resistance in aquaculture varies depending on the classes of antibiotics used and is often proportional to the prevalence of antimicrobial drug use in the production process.