The current investigation is focused to determine antioxidant activities of the leaf extract of Plumbago zeylanica. The leaf extracts were prepared by using multiform solvents with increasing polarity, including as hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and Methanol. The antioxidant activities enlisting DPPH assay, hydrogen peroxide assay, reducing power assay and nitric oxide assay method were performed for all extracts. Barring no one, the extracts had shown average to potent antioxidant activity. Uniquely, the ethyl acetate extract and the chloroform extract explicated the utmost antioxidant activity.

Habitat fragmentation is a significant barrier to the ability of terrestrial mammals to move freely across landscapes and also disrupts the genetic flow among populations. In this study, we employed circuit theory to investigate habitat connectivity and identify conservation corridors for mammals in fragmented landscapes. Circuit theory utilizes the fundamentals of electrical resistance theory to establish connections among landscapes as a conductive surface, representing landscape heterogeneity by assigning resistance values based on land cover, topography, and anthropogenic features. We developed resistance surfaces using ecological and movement data for species of interest to derive many possible dispersal pathways for mammals. Throughout the study area, we utilized Circuitscape to illustrate connectivity, which helped identify key corridors that maximize movement between core habitat patches or areas of high current density, where movement is most likely to occur. Results show that classic corridor models generally ignore alternative, but ecologically relevant routes that can be captured with a circuit-based approach. Overall, our results suggest that integrating circuit theory into conservation planning is a sound mechanism for identifying multifunctional corridors that enhance landscape permeability and resilience. This method helps prioritize areas to conserve, restore, and use sustainably, thereby maximizing the probability of persistence of mammal populations in an increasingly fragmented landscape.

Euphorbia resinifera, a member of the Euphorbiaceae family, is notable for its significant medicinal properties. Originally endemic to Morocco, this species has become cosmopolitan, spreading widely across tropical regions worldwide. This review focuses on the phytochemical properties of Euphorbia resinifera, providing a comprehensive overview of its diverse phytochemicals and their potential therapeutic applications. The review also highlights the potential for further exploration of phytochemicals in less-studied parts of the plant, such as the flowers. Our primary sources were peer-reviewed research articlesand reports from scientific databases including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and SpringerLink identifying numerous novel compounds, particularly from the latex of Euphorbia resinifera. Various studies have investigated latex, while fewer studies have examined the whole plant, stem, leaves, flowers, and honey. This review underscores the need for detailed studies on the unexplored parts of Euphorbia resinifera and suggests that the identified phytochemicals, traditionally used in ethnomedicine, could be further investigated for drug development. Such research could lead to the discovery of new treatments for diseases that pose significant challenges to human health.