In the present study, we investigated the influence of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus helveticus supplementation on lipogenesis, insulin signalling and glucose transporters in liver of high-fructose-fed rats. Fructose was given to the rats as a 20% solution in drinking water for 15 weeks. Lactobacillus plantarum and L. helveticus supplementations were performed by gastric gavage once a day during final 6 weeks. Dietary high-fructose increased hepatic weight, lipid accumulation and FASN expression as well as caused a significant reduction in IRS-1 expression, pAKT/total AKT and peNOS/total eNOS ratios, but an elevation in GLUT2 and GLUT5 mRNAs in the liver. Lactobacillus plantarum supplementation decreased hepatic weight, triglyceride content and FASN expression as well as improved IRS-1/AKT/eNOS pathway and GLUT2 expression in the liver of high-fructose-fed rats. However, L. helveticus supplementation exerted a restoring effect on lipid accumulation by decreasing FASN expression, and regulating effect on IRS-1 and GLUT2 expressions.

This study was aimed at the molecular characterisation of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) isolated from papilloma cases in the northwestern region of Turkey. BPV-1 is a widely occurring oncogenic virus in cattle and is associated with benign epithelial neoplasia which causes significant economic losses in dairy and beef cattle because of treatment costs. In this study, 29 suspected papilloma specimens were collected from cattle in northwestern Turkey. These samples underwent molecular characterisation via the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing analysis as well as macroscopic and histopathological examination. The histopathological examinations confirmed papilloma as the main lesion type in the specimens. Of the 29 papilloma-like tissue samples that were collected, 11 (i.e. 37.93%) were detected as positive and determined as containing BPV-1 (11 of 11, 100%). Using a partial sequence for the L1 gene acquired from GenBank, phylogenetic analysis confirmed the presence of BPV-1 and revealed that the infection might have originated in cross bred domestic and imported cattle. This study provides potentially useful information on the origin and spread of this disease. Its results can potentially aid in the development of appropriate control measures and therapeutic or vaccination strategies against the BPV-1 strain of bovine papillomatosis.

BACKGROUND: Cafeteria diet (CAF) is a succesful tool for establishing animal obesity model. This study purposed to show immunoexpression and oxidant-antioxidant status in the various organ tissues of Wistar rats fed CAF. METHODS: Two groups (six rats per group) of Wistar albino rats were fed CAF and standard chow (control) diets for eight weeks. After experimental procedure, the animals were sacrificed. Intestine, stomach, liver, kidney, spleen, heart, lung, and pancreas tissues were sent to Pathology Department and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor- κB (NF-κB) and cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB-1) immunoexpressions were assessed. Also, plasma liver function tests and lipid levels were measured total oxidant capacity (TOC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were evaluated in both plasma and liver tissue. RESULTS: The immunoexpressions of NF-κB, iNOS and CB-1 were higher in the experiment group for all tissues. TOC was significantly higher in the experiment group, for both plasma and liver tissue ( p < 0.001 and p = 0.02). TAC was higher in the experiment group’s plasma measurement ( p = 0.02), while there was no difference in the liver tissue between experiment and control groups ( p = 0.11). CONCLUSION: CAF-induced obesity may be related to increased immunoexpression and oxidative damage in the various organs. Systemic problems should be considered and these phenomenon should be studied more comprehensively.

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of a poly(ethylene terephthalate)-g-poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PET-g-HEMA) nanofiber wound dressing modified with sericin-coated silver nanoparticles (S-AgNPs) on internal organs, oxidative stress, and biochemical parameters. To establish a burn model, the backs of anesthetized rats were shaved and then third-degree burns were created with a round-bottomed stainless steel rod 2 cm in diameter kept in 100 °C water for 20 seconds. The wounds of the negative control group (G1) were covered with standard bandages; the wounds of the positive control group (G2) were covered with SILVERCEL, used as burn wound material; and the wounds of the experimental group (G3) were covered with PET-based dressing material. Histopathological changes in organs (liver, kidneys, heart, pancreas, lungs), oxidative stress (total oxidant status, total antioxidant status, and nitric oxide), and biochemical parameters (serum aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], gamma glutamyl transpeptidase [GGT], creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, total protein, albumin, globulin, urea) were examined. Compared with the G1 group, plasma AST, ALT, and GGT levels were found to be significantly decreased in G2 and G3 (P<0.001). Plasma total antioxidant status was found to be significantly increased in G2 and G3 compared to G1 (P<0.05). Compared to the G1 group, degenerative and necrotic changes in the liver, kidneys, and pancreas were found to be significantly reduced in G2 and G3 (P<0.05). In conclusion, this work demonstrates that the synthesized PET-based wound dressing material has the capacity to be used commercially. Bu çalışmada, serisin kaplı gümüş nanopartiküller ile modifiye edilen poli(etilen tereftalat)-g-poli(hidroksietil metakrilat) (PET-g-HEMA) nanofiber yara pansuman malzemesinin iç organlar, oksidatif stres ve biyokimyasal parametreler üzerindeki etkisinin araştırılması amaçlandı. Yanık model oluşturmak için, anestezi altındaki sıçanların sırtı tıraş edildikten sonra 100 °C suda bekletilen 2 cm çapa sahip yuvarlak dipli paslanmaz çelik çubuk ile 20 saniye temas ettirildi ve sıçanların sırtlarında 3. derece yanık yaraları oluşturuldu. Negatif kontrol (sargı bezi) grubunun (G1) yarası standart sargı bezi, pozitif kontrol grubunun (G2) yarası yanık yara malzemesi olarak kullanılan silvercel ürünü ve deney grubunun (G3) yarası da PET tabanlı örtü malzemesi ile kapatıldı. Çalışmada organlar (karaciğer, böbrek, kalp, pankreas, akciğer) üzerindeki histopatolojik değişikler, oksidatif stres (TAS, TOS, NO) ve biyokimyasal parametreler (serum; AST, ALT, GGT, CK, LDH, total protein, albümin, globülin, üre) incelendi. G1 gubu ile karşılaştırıldığında, plazma AST, ALT ve GGT düzeyleri G2 ve G3 gruplarında anlamlı olarak azaldığı bulundu (P<0.001). Plazma TAS seviyesi, G1 grubuna kıyasla G2 ve G3 gruplarında anlamlı bir şekilde artığı bulundu (P<0.05). G1 gubu ile karşılaştırıldığında karaciğer, böbrek ve pankreastaki dejeneratif ve nekrotik değişikliklerin G2 ve G3 gruplarında anlamlı olarak azaldığı bulundu (P<0.05). Sonuç olarak; sentezlenen PET tabanlı yara örtü malzemesinin ticari olarak kullanılma kapasitesine sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.

It was aimed to evaluate the regressive effect of grayanotoxin-rich Turkish mad honey and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), separately and together by using the N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced colon cancer modelling in rats. Study groups were designed as control group (CG), cancer control group (CCG), 5-Flourouracil group (FUG), Turkish mad honey group (HG), Turkish mad honey and 5-FU combined group (FU-HG). White blood cell (WBC), lymphocyte, eosinophil, basophil, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total oxidant status (TOS), and total protein values of the rats in the CCG were significantly lower than the values of the rats in the CG, whereas serum Bcl-2 and survivin levels were significantly higher in the rates belonged to the CCG in comparison to those in the CG. The presence of anaplastic epithelial cells, vascularization, precancerous changes, and inflammatory infiltration detected in the colon and small intestine of the rats in FU-HG, FUG, HG were less intense (P<0.05) compared to the findings in the rats in CCG. In conclusion, mad honey and 5-FU reduced anaplastic cell growth and oxidative stress via suppressed anti-apoptotic activity. Considering the histopathological findings in the liver and kidney, no toxicity occurred related to mad honey and 5-FU metabolization. Therefore, the combined use of these two substances may be an alternative method in the treatment of colon cancer.

This study examined the effects of syringic acid (SA) against testicular toxicity induced by cadmium (CAD). In the study, once daily for 7 days, the control and CAD groups were administered sterile distilled water, while the CAD + SA and SA groups were administered 25 mg/kg SA. Additionally, on the first day of the study, saline solution was administered intraperitoneally to the control and SA groups, and 1.5 mg/kg CdCl ₂ was administered intraperitoneally to the CAD and CAD + SA groups. In blood, serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme activity, testosterone, creatine, and urea levels were evaluated. Spermatological parameters, including sperm motility, sperm viability, sperm concentration, and abnormal sperm, were evaluated. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical analysis (inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclin D1, cannabinoid receptor1 (CB1)) were performed on testicular tissue. The testosterone value of the CAD group was significantly lower compared to the control and SA groups ( p < 0.0083). In the CAD + SA group, sperm motility, sperm vitality, and sperm concentration were significantly increased compared to the CAD group. In contrast, the percentages of abnormal sperm (head and tail) were significantly decreased in the CAD + SA group compared to the CAD group ( p < 0.0083). The rate of iNOS positivity in the SA and CAD + SA groups was similar to those in the control group. However, iNOS positivity was significantly higher in the testicles of the CAD group compared to the remaining groups ( p < 0.0083). In conclusion, SA can be used as a preventative agent against testicular toxicity caused by CAD.