Lemon juice obtained from Interdonato variety was treated with different enzymes at specific concentrations as depectinization processes to produce clear lemon juice and its concentrates. In addition, the best condition obtained from laboratory treatments was carried out in the local fruit juice plant. Effects of the processing steps on some quality parameters were investigated during the lemon juice production and the obtained concentrates were stored at −25°C for 180 days. The results showed that Novozym 33095 had the best depectinization effectiveness. Total pectin content of lemon juices decreased rapidly following the enzyme treatment and could not be detected following the filtration. Viscosity values decreased after pulp separation and the largest reduction was observed with the filtration. At the end of filtration in 40 μL/100 mL concentrations of each of the three enzymes, values of residual pectinmethylesterase (PME) activity were found to be in the lowest amounts.

In this study, the antioxidant activities of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) stalk extracts were investigated using β-caroten/linoleic acid, metal chelating, reducing power, DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS method and TEAC method. For this purpose the stalks were extracted separately by using distilled water, methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane solvents following dried and ground to fine powder. The antioxidant activities of extracts prepared at the different concentration (100-1000 μg/mL) were compared with α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, BHT and BHA standards. The methanol extract of stalk had the highest yield (22%). Chelating activities (Fe2+) of methanol extract at 100-1000 μg/mL concentrations ranged between 18.45 and 67.75%. However, chelating activities of all test extracts were found lower than standards. The reducing power of all extracts except hexane increased depending upon the increase in concentration. DPPH radical scavenging activity of methanol extract varied in the range of 14.57 to 85.78%. The lowest EC50 value was determined as 0.494 µg/mL for methanol extract. But, the highest inhibition percentage of linoleic acid oxidation was found in hexane extract (57.22%). TEAC values of methanol extract ranged from 15.43 to 20.54 µM Trolox equivalent/10 g. It was determined that methanol extract showed a dose-dependent inhibition on the antioxidant activities.

The aim of the present work was to determine some quality parameters of pomegranate, sumac and unripe grape concentrate products sold in Kilis markets. The highest pH and titration acidity (TA) values were generally determined in homemade pomegranate concentrate (HPC) and homemade sumac concentrate (HSC) (values for pH were 3.29- 3.51, values for TA were 13.19-29.59 g/100 ml). It was detected that the highest values for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and browning index were in the HPC sample (8,373.78 mg/l and 397.8 (abs.)). The sample having the highest and lowest HMF and browning index values was homemade unripe grape concentrate (HUC). The highest total phenolics, total flavonoids, ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity values were detected in HSC. However, a specific organic acid presence associated with spots was not detected. Retention factor values in samples belonging to spots recorded as 0.83 (HSC(1), commercial sumac concentrate; CSC(2), and HPC(3)) and 0.8 (commercial pomegranate concentrate; CP...

This study aimed to explore the antioxidant activities, phenolic profile, fatty acid and mineral composition of the different extracts of Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’Hér. consumed as a vegetable in Kilis, Turkey. While catechine hydrate was the most abundant phenolic compounds in methanol, ethanol and diethyl ether extracts, it was chlorogenic acid in the water extract. Looking at the fatty acid profile, the amount of palmitic acid, one of the saturated fatty acids, was found to be high (34.30%), followed by stearic acid (5.10%). Total monounsaturated fatty acids are the second highest fatty acids. Total polyunsaturated fatty acids were determined as the third rank fatty acids. While the amount of linoleic acid, one of the total polyunsaturated fatty acids, was determined as 17.62%, the ratio of linolenic acid was determined as 9.60%. While the most calcium, magnesium and potassium were found among the 9 different mineral substances determined, respectively; the lowest element was found to be nitrogen. Looking at the results, it was determined that the plant is a high source of calcium (1078.503 mg/kg). Inhibitory effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 were observed, with a zone diameter of 5.5 mm and 11 mm in methanol extract and diethyl ether extract, respectively. Ethanol and water extracts of E. cicutarium (L.) L.‘Hér. may be preferred as an alternative natural agent due to their amylase and tyrosinase activities. The results suggested that the E. cicutarium (L.) L.‘Hér. extracts may be useful for food and medicinal applications.