The use of rejuvenators has enhanced the workability of asphalt mixtures containing the reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). This conclusion is based on the determination of viscosity of asphalt binders, while not validated from reclaimed asphalt mixtures. In this study, the effect of two rejuvenators (ordinary and emulsified rejuvenator) on the workability of reclaimed asphalt mixtures was evaluated by measuring the mixing torque and determining the air void content of reclaimed mixtures. In addition, their effects on the performances of reclaimed mixture were studied via the three indexes tests, rutting test and freeze-thaw splitting tests. The experimental results show that mixing torque and air void content of reclaimed mixtures with the emulsified rejuvenator is 4% and 6% lower than that with the ordinary rejuvenator, respectively. This indicates that improvement of the workability of reclaimed mixtures can be achieved by using an emulsified rejuvenator, but not by an ordinary rejuvenator. That is also the reason that at least 20% greater high-temperature stability is found for reclaimed mixtures by using the emulsified rejuvenator than using the ordinary rejuvenator. In addition, reclaimed mixtures with the emulsified rejuvenator show similar moisture susceptibility to that with the ordinary rejuvenator. This study provides a feasible method to assess the workability effect of rejuvenators on reclaimed mixtures directly and recommends the use of an emulsified rejuvenator to improve the workability and high-temperature stability of reclaimed mixtures.

Water-foamed asphalt is capable of improving the workability of asphalt mixture. It has been extensively used for its energy-saving and emission-reducing features. Water plays an essential part in improving the workability of water-foamed asphalt mixture. However, there is still lack in profound studies of moisture dissipation of the water-foamed asphalt over time and its influence on workability. In this study, the evolutions of residual water content and rotational viscosity of the water-foamed asphalt with time were respectively measured by the analytical balance and modified rotational viscometer (RV). The atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis was conducted to discuss the mechanism of viscosity reduction of water-foamed asphalt. The results showed that moisture evaporation is significantly influenced by the foaming water content and ambient temperature, which results in the different stabilizing time of water-foamed asphalt. When water-foamed asphalt was stabilized, the residual water inside the asphalt was less than 0.01% relative to the asphalt mass. The AFM analysis showed that the foaming process changed the distribution of wax in the water-foamed asphalt resulting in reduction of viscosity. The viscosity reduction of asphalt is highly related to the initial foaming water content. After the foaming process, the viscosity keeps stable and is independent of moisture dissipation.

Although extensive research has been conducted on the regenerants for unmodified and SBS-modified asphalt, in-depth studies on the activation of regenerants to restore the SBS cross-linked network while preserving their diffusion performance have not yet been reported. This study quantitatively evaluated the activation effect of self-healing regenerants on SBS cross-linked networks by testing the activation degree of 6%, 8%, and 10% cross-linked networks with self-healing regenerants; the phase structure of SBS-modified asphalt before and after regeneration was examined using fluorescence microscopy (FM); the underlying mechanism of the reactive regenerant was elucidated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC); furthermore, the rheological response characteristics of the reactive regenerant and conventional regenerant were comparatively analyzed. The findings indicated that the SBS cross-linked network self-healing regenerant exhibited a more pronounced activation effect on aged asphalt. Specifically, when the dosage of the regenerant reaches 8%, its repairing effect on the cross-linked network becomes particularly significant. Reconstructing the cross-linked network structure of SBS-modified asphalt enabled the recovery of the viscoelastic properties of the recycled asphalt. Nevertheless, an excessive dosage of the regenerant failed to further enhance the cross-linked structure in a meaningful way and might even exert an adverse impact on the high-temperature performance of the recycled asphalt.

High reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) contents are often limited by insufficient restoration of field-aged SBS-modified asphalt and the lack of a comprehensive method for rejuvenator dosage selection. This study aimed to develop a multi-performance-based approach for determining the dosage of an epoxy-based reactive rejuvenator under high-RAP conditions. Rejuvenated binders with different dosages were evaluated using conventional tests, DSR, MSCR, BBR, and LAS tests. Continuous low-temperature grading temperature, dissipated energy ratio, and entropy-weight TOPSIS were used for comprehensive evaluation, while GPC was employed to characterize molecular-weight distribution. The rejuvenator improved low-temperature relaxation, fatigue resistance, energy dissipation, and workability, whereas excessive dosages reduced rutting resistance and elastic recovery. Entropy-weight TOPSIS ranked RA-6 highest, with a relative closeness coefficient of 0.66504, and this ranking was consistent with the overall trends obtained from individual performance tests, supporting the feasibility of the proposed evaluation method. GPC results showed systematic changes in molecular-weight distribution after rejuvenation. For the investigated material system, 6% is recommended among the tested dosages. The proposed framework provides a practical basis for dosage determination when material characteristics and performance requirements vary.