Agroforestry systems are among the promising land use systems that enable to address both the development and livelihood issues of the community all over the world. In southwestern Ethiopia, homegarden and coffee agroforestry systems are widely used farming systems. Despite the fact that the systems are widely used and important, there are little studies on the subject. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess homegarden and coffee agroforestry systems plant diversity and composition in Yayu Biosphere Reserve. To achieve the study's goal, data was collected through forest inventories and household surveys. A total of 101 plant species from 49 families were identified, with 74 from homegardens (37 families) and 57 from coffee agroforestry systems (34 families). In terms of dominating plants in agroforestry systems, home gardens are dominated by herbaceous plants, accounting for 51 percent, whereas coffee agroforestry systems in the study region are dominated by trees, accounting for 72 percent. About 38 percent of household gardens and 77 percent of coffee agroforestry are made up of indigenous plant species. According to the findings, both agroforestry systems at the research site have a great diversity of plant species. As a result, the systems may be able to provide a wide range of services to farmers. Farmers, professionals, and legislators must collaborate to improve the systems' components, composition, and arrangements in order to maximize and protect the systems' multiple benefits.

The application of biomass models for quantifying forests’ above-ground biomass is essential for sustainable forest management. However, lack of knowledge in modelig biomass of individual tree growth hinders the sustainable management of Dry Afromontane forests. In this study, models to estimate above-ground biomass were developed for Rhus ruspolii, Ekebergia capensis, and Nuxia congesta. To develop the models, a total of 45 trees from different diameter classes were selected, felled, and divided into different biomass compartments. For the model’s development, diameter at breast height (DBH), total height (TH), diameter at stump height (DSH), and wood density (WD) were used as independent variables. Models’ performances were evaluated using RSE, adjusted coefficient of determination, and AIC. Also, model validations were done by using rRMSE, mean absolute deviation, bias, and coefficient of variation. Models 5 (Adj-R² = 0.92), 6 (Adj-R² = 0.97), and 8 (Adj-R₂² = 0.82) were the best fitted models for Nuxia congesta, Ekebergia capensis, and Rhus ruspolii, respectively. The average wood densities of Ekebergia capensis, Nuxia congesta, and Rhus ruspolii were 0.59, 0.50, and 0.69, respectively. The variation between observed biomass and estimated biomass using new models was statistically not significant ( ). Thus, the biomass models developed here can be important tools to accurately estimate above-ground biomass in the Menagesha Suba forest and can be integrated into decision support tools.