As a special type of transformer, vision transformers (ViTs) can be used for various computer vision (CV) applications. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have several potential problems that can be resolved with ViTs. For image coding tasks such as compression, super-resolution, segmentation, and denoising, different variants of ViTs are used. In our survey, we determined the many CV applications to which ViTs are applicable. CV applications reviewed included image classification, object detection, image segmentation, image compression, image super-resolution, image denoising, anomaly detection, and drone imagery. We reviewed the state of the-art and compiled a list of available models and discussed the pros and cons of each model.

Technological advancements in large industries like power, minerals, and manufacturing are generating massive data every second. Big data techniques have opened up numerous opportunities to utilize massive datasets in several effective ways to improve the efficacy of related industries. This paper presents a review of big data technologies used in the power, mineral, and manufacturing industries for various purposes. We analyze the meta-data of the collected papers before reviewing and selecting papers by applying selection criteria and paper quality assessment strategy. Then we propose a taxonomy of big data application areas in the power, mineral, and manufacturing industries. We have studied current big data architectures and techniques implemented in industry sectors and have uncovered the big data research gaps in industry sectors. To address the gaps, we point out some relevant research questions and, to answer the questions, we make some future research recommendations that might explore interesting research ideas for building a big data-driven industry. As the careful use of big data benefits every other industry sector; hence, supportive big data frameworks need to be developed to speed up the big data analysis process. Proper multi-dimensional big data assessment is also needed to take into account for serving effective data analysis tasks.

Gesture recognition is crucial in computer vision-based applications, such as drone control, gaming, virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR), and security, especially in human–computer interaction (HCI)-based systems. There are two types of gesture recognition systems, i.e., static and dynamic. However, our focus in this paper is on dynamic gesture recognition. In dynamic hand gesture recognition systems, the sequences of frames, i.e., temporal data, pose significant processing challenges and reduce efficiency compared to static gestures. These data become multi-dimensional compared to static images because spatial and temporal data are being processed, which demands complex deep learning (DL) models with increased computational costs. This article presents a novel triple-layer algorithm that efficiently reduces the 3D feature map into 1D row vectors and enhances the overall performance. First, we process the individual images in a given sequence using the MediaPipe framework and extract the regions of interest (ROI). The processed cropped image is then passed to the Inception-v3 for the 2D feature extractor. Finally, a long short-term memory (LSTM) network is used as a temporal feature extractor and classifier. Our proposed method achieves an average accuracy of more than 89.7%. The experimental results also show that the proposed framework outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods.

For the prevention and management of diseases in chronic patients, attention has been directed at ubiquitous healthcare systems in order to reduce medical expenses and provide high-quality medical services at different places, including hospitals and homes. In this paper, a ubiquitous healthcare system has been proposed in order to care for a chronic patient, to be used by a nurse or a care professional at the patient’s residence. It comprises a portable bio-signal acquisition device, smartphone application, and ubiquitous health server. The smartphone application collects the patient information, including lifelog and the bio-signals from the device, and transfers the patient information through bio-signals to the ubiquitous health server. The ubiquitous health server monitors the bio-signals with the help of lifelog, analyses the patient’s health state, and alerts medical staff on symptoms of any illness. The proposed system collects five types of bio-signals from patients using the acquisition device, automatically monitors and analyses their bio-data with lifelog, displays the state of their health as determined by the analysis, using graphical representation, such that the doctor can understand the patient’s condition and undertake an appropriate medical treatment procedure.

The usage of media such as images and videos has been extensively increased in recent years. It has become impractical to store images and videos acquired by camera sensors in their raw form due to their huge storage size. Generally, image data is compressed with a compression algorithm and then stored or transmitted to another platform. Thus, image compression helps to reduce the storage size and transmission cost of the images and videos. However, image compression might cause visual artifacts, depending on the compression level. In this regard, performance evaluation of the compression algorithms is an essential task needed to reconstruct images with visually or near-visually lossless quality in case of lossy compression. The performance of the compression algorithms is assessed by both subjective and objective image quality assessment (IQA) methodologies. In this paper, subjective and objective IQA methods are integrated to evaluate the range of the image quality metrics (IQMs) values that guarantee the visually or near-visually lossless compression performed by the JPEG 1 standard (ISO/IEC 10918). A novel “Flicker Test Software” is developed for conducting the proposed subjective and objective evaluation study. In the flicker test, the selected test images are subjectively analyzed by subjects at different compression levels. The IQMs are calculated at the previous compression level, when the images were visually lossless for each subject. The results analysis shows that the objective IQMs with more closely packed values having the least standard deviation that guaranteed the visually lossless compression of the images with JPEG 1 are the feature similarity index measure (FSIM), the multiscale structural similarity index measure (MS-SSIM), and the information content weighted SSIM (IW-SSIM), with average values of 0.9997, 0.9970, and 0.9970 respectively.