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Elisabetta Gotor
Bioversity International, 00100 Rome, Italy

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Journal article
Published: 20 January 2021 in Sustainability
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This study assesses the impact of a participatory development program called Seeds For Needs, carried out in Ethiopia to support smallholders in addressing climate change and its consequences through the introduction, selection, use, and management of suitable crop varieties. More specifically, it analyzes the program’s role of boosting durum wheat varietal diversification and agrobiodiversity to support higher crop productivity and strengthen smallholder food security. The study is based on a survey of 1008 households across three major wheat-growing regional states: Amhara, Oromia, and Tigray. A doubly robust estimator was employed to properly estimate the impact of Seeds For Needs interventions. The results show that program activities have significantly enhanced wheat crop productivity and smallholders’ food security by increasing wheat varietal diversification. This paper provides further empirical evidence for the effective role that varietal diversity can play in improving food security in marginal environments, and also provides clear indications for development agencies regarding the importance of improving smallholders’ access to crop genetic resources.

ACS Style

Elisabetta Gotor; Muhammed Abdella Usman; Martina Occelli; Basazen Fantahun; Carlo Fadda; Yosef Gebrehawaryat Kidane; Dejene Mengistu; Afewerki Yohannes Kiros; Jemal Nurhisen Mohammed; Mekonen Assefa; Tesfaye Woldesemayate; Francesco Caracciolo. Wheat Varietal Diversification Increases Ethiopian Smallholders’ Food Security: Evidence from a Participatory Development Initiative. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1029 .

AMA Style

Elisabetta Gotor, Muhammed Abdella Usman, Martina Occelli, Basazen Fantahun, Carlo Fadda, Yosef Gebrehawaryat Kidane, Dejene Mengistu, Afewerki Yohannes Kiros, Jemal Nurhisen Mohammed, Mekonen Assefa, Tesfaye Woldesemayate, Francesco Caracciolo. Wheat Varietal Diversification Increases Ethiopian Smallholders’ Food Security: Evidence from a Participatory Development Initiative. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (3):1029.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elisabetta Gotor; Muhammed Abdella Usman; Martina Occelli; Basazen Fantahun; Carlo Fadda; Yosef Gebrehawaryat Kidane; Dejene Mengistu; Afewerki Yohannes Kiros; Jemal Nurhisen Mohammed; Mekonen Assefa; Tesfaye Woldesemayate; Francesco Caracciolo. 2021. "Wheat Varietal Diversification Increases Ethiopian Smallholders’ Food Security: Evidence from a Participatory Development Initiative." Sustainability 13, no. 3: 1029.

Journal article
Published: 15 October 2020 in African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development
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ACS Style

Elisabetta Gotor; Viola Di Cori; Tiziana Pagnani; Enoch Kikulwe; Marta Kozicka; Francesco Caracciolo. Public and private investments for banana Xanthomonas Wilt control in Uganda: The economic feasibility for smallholder farmers. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development 2020, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Elisabetta Gotor, Viola Di Cori, Tiziana Pagnani, Enoch Kikulwe, Marta Kozicka, Francesco Caracciolo. Public and private investments for banana Xanthomonas Wilt control in Uganda: The economic feasibility for smallholder farmers. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development. 2020; ():1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elisabetta Gotor; Viola Di Cori; Tiziana Pagnani; Enoch Kikulwe; Marta Kozicka; Francesco Caracciolo. 2020. "Public and private investments for banana Xanthomonas Wilt control in Uganda: The economic feasibility for smallholder farmers." African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development , no. : 1-12.

Original paper
Published: 09 October 2020 in Food Security
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This study empirically assesses if and to what extent adaptive strategies contribute to smallholders’ livelihood resilience in Bihar, India. The sustainable rural livelihoods framework has been implemented to understand how household livelihood systems may interact with the outside context. This poses significant empirical and methodological challenges, since studies of the interconnections between livelihood resources, livelihood strategies and livelihood outcomes from a quantitative point of view are still limited. The results extend the theoretical understanding of the relationships identified by the Sustainable Rural Livelihoods framework, and also provide empirical evidence about how livelihood resources, livelihood strategies and livelihood outcomes (food security in particular) are strictly interconnected. The study highlights that while the adaptive strategies implementation is influenced by the livelihood resources of rural households, it significantly influences the food security status of the smallholders in Bihar. On the basis of the above, the current study emphasizes the importance of targeted interventions to improve specific forms of households’ livelihood resources which are prominent determinants of adoption of strategies that leads to the maintenance of resilience by environmentally dependent households in the developing world.

ACS Style

Tiziana Pagnani; Elisabetta Gotor; Francesco Caracciolo. Adaptive strategies enhance smallholders’ livelihood resilience in Bihar, India. Food Security 2020, 13, 419 -437.

AMA Style

Tiziana Pagnani, Elisabetta Gotor, Francesco Caracciolo. Adaptive strategies enhance smallholders’ livelihood resilience in Bihar, India. Food Security. 2020; 13 (2):419-437.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tiziana Pagnani; Elisabetta Gotor; Francesco Caracciolo. 2020. "Adaptive strategies enhance smallholders’ livelihood resilience in Bihar, India." Food Security 13, no. 2: 419-437.

Review
Published: 02 July 2020 in International Journal of Food Science & Technology
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This review of the literature on varietal change in sub‐Saharan Africa looks in detail at adoption of new varieties of bananas in Uganda, cassava in Nigeria, potato in Kenya, sweetpotato in Uganda and yams in Côte d’Ivoire. The review explored three hypotheses about drivers of varietal change. There was a strong confirmation for the hypothesis that insufficient priority given to consumer‐preferred traits by breeding programmes contributes to the limited uptake of modern varieties (MVs) and low varietal turnover. Lack of evidence meant the second hypothesis of insufficient attention to understanding and responding to gender differences in consumer preferences for quality and post‐harvest traits was unresolved. The evidence on the third hypothesis about the informal seed system contributing to slow uptake of MVs was mixed. In some cases, the informal system has contributed to rapid uptake of MVs, but often it appears to be a barrier with inconsistent varietal naming a major challenge.

ACS Style

Graham Thiele; Dominique Dufour; Philippe Vernier; Robert O. M. Mwanga; Monica L. Parker; Elmar Schulte Geldermann; Béla Teeken; Tesfamicheal Wossen; Elisabetta Gotor; Enoch Kikulwe; Hale Tufan; Sophie Sinelle; Amani Michel Kouakou; Michael Friedmann; Vivian Polar; Clair Hershey. A review of varietal change in roots, tubers and bananas: consumer preferences and other drivers of adoption and implications for breeding. International Journal of Food Science & Technology 2020, 56, 1076 -1092.

AMA Style

Graham Thiele, Dominique Dufour, Philippe Vernier, Robert O. M. Mwanga, Monica L. Parker, Elmar Schulte Geldermann, Béla Teeken, Tesfamicheal Wossen, Elisabetta Gotor, Enoch Kikulwe, Hale Tufan, Sophie Sinelle, Amani Michel Kouakou, Michael Friedmann, Vivian Polar, Clair Hershey. A review of varietal change in roots, tubers and bananas: consumer preferences and other drivers of adoption and implications for breeding. International Journal of Food Science & Technology. 2020; 56 (3):1076-1092.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Graham Thiele; Dominique Dufour; Philippe Vernier; Robert O. M. Mwanga; Monica L. Parker; Elmar Schulte Geldermann; Béla Teeken; Tesfamicheal Wossen; Elisabetta Gotor; Enoch Kikulwe; Hale Tufan; Sophie Sinelle; Amani Michel Kouakou; Michael Friedmann; Vivian Polar; Clair Hershey. 2020. "A review of varietal change in roots, tubers and bananas: consumer preferences and other drivers of adoption and implications for breeding." International Journal of Food Science & Technology 56, no. 3: 1076-1092.

Journal article
Published: 24 May 2020 in Agricultural Systems
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We analyse the impact of two large-scale regime shifts caused by disease incidence or climate change, and associated crop productivity and price changes, on banana-based smallholders in Uganda. We evaluate these farmers' vulnerability and assess the potential of using increased crop diversity to improve their resilience. We further explore trade-offs and synergies between environmental, economic and nutritional outcomes faced by the farmers in their decision making when a regime shift occurs. We simulate the large-scale scenarios with the IMPACT model and use the results obtained to assess their effect at the local level using the bio-economic farm-household model, FarmDESIGN. Our results indicate that climate change can lead to a regime shift that expands revenue variance, increases soil erosion and reduces vitamin A yield for farmers. Banana disease can negatively impact income levels and species diversity. We show that under both scenarios farmers have scope to reconfigure their farms and recover farm performance. Specifically, we discuss the benefits of species diversity; increasing agrobiodiversity by adding new crops increases the farm's adaptive capacity and resilience, allowing for much higher revenues, on-farm crop diversity and vitamin A production. The conceptual approach and the method we developed can be applied to assess the local synergies and trade-offs between crop diversity conservation, nutrition, environmental protection and human nutrition that farmers face as a result of global drivers. Our results offer a further understanding of how biodiverse systems respond to regime shifts, which can inform effective policy design. Our method can be also useful to help farmers manage their farms in a way to better meet their complex needs.

ACS Style

Marta Kozicka; Elisabetta Gotor; Walter Ocimati; Tamar de Jager; Enoch Kikulwe; Jeroen C.J. Groot. Responding to future regime shifts with agrobiodiversity: A multi-level perspective on small-scale farming in Uganda. Agricultural Systems 2020, 183, 102864 .

AMA Style

Marta Kozicka, Elisabetta Gotor, Walter Ocimati, Tamar de Jager, Enoch Kikulwe, Jeroen C.J. Groot. Responding to future regime shifts with agrobiodiversity: A multi-level perspective on small-scale farming in Uganda. Agricultural Systems. 2020; 183 ():102864.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marta Kozicka; Elisabetta Gotor; Walter Ocimati; Tamar de Jager; Enoch Kikulwe; Jeroen C.J. Groot. 2020. "Responding to future regime shifts with agrobiodiversity: A multi-level perspective on small-scale farming in Uganda." Agricultural Systems 183, no. : 102864.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2019 in Agricultural Systems
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ACS Style

Jeffrey Alwang; Elisabetta Gotor; Graham Thiele; Guy Hareau; Moti Jaleta; Jordan Chamberlin. Pathways from research on improved staple crop germplasm to poverty reduction for smallholder farmers. Agricultural Systems 2019, 172, 16 -27.

AMA Style

Jeffrey Alwang, Elisabetta Gotor, Graham Thiele, Guy Hareau, Moti Jaleta, Jordan Chamberlin. Pathways from research on improved staple crop germplasm to poverty reduction for smallholder farmers. Agricultural Systems. 2019; 172 ():16-27.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jeffrey Alwang; Elisabetta Gotor; Graham Thiele; Guy Hareau; Moti Jaleta; Jordan Chamberlin. 2019. "Pathways from research on improved staple crop germplasm to poverty reduction for smallholder farmers." Agricultural Systems 172, no. : 16-27.

Journal article
Published: 07 May 2019 in Sustainability
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Banana Xanthomonas Wilt (BXW) is an important emerging and non-curable infectious plant pathogen in sub-Saharan Africa that can cause up to 100% yield loss, negatively impacting sustainable access to food and income to more than 100 million banana farmers. This study disentangles adopters into partial and full adopters to investigate the factors that are relevant to sustain the adoption process of BXW control practices and quantifies the impact of adopting the practices. Data from a randomly selected sample of 1200 banana farmers in Uganda where the disease is endemic was used. A multinomial logit model was used to determine the factors affecting adoption of control practices and augmented inverse probability weighting was employed to estimate the impacts of adoption on banana productivity and sales. Results show that training a woman farmer and having diverse sources of information about BXW control practices increased adoption of the control practices and reduced the disease incidences. Farmers who adopted all the recommended control practices achieved significantly the highest values of banana production and sales. We conclude that improving information access through farmers’ preferred communication channels, having women-inclusive trainings, and a combination of cultural practices are effective ways for sustaining adoption of the control practices.

ACS Style

Enoch M. Kikulwe; Joseph Lule Kyanjo; Edward Kato; Reuben T. Ssali; Rockefeller Erima; Samuel Mpiira; Walter Ocimati; William Tinzaara; Jerome Kubiriba; Elisabetta Gotor; Dietmar Stoian; Eldad Karamura. Management of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt: Evidence from Impact of Adoption of Cultural Control Practices in Uganda. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2610 .

AMA Style

Enoch M. Kikulwe, Joseph Lule Kyanjo, Edward Kato, Reuben T. Ssali, Rockefeller Erima, Samuel Mpiira, Walter Ocimati, William Tinzaara, Jerome Kubiriba, Elisabetta Gotor, Dietmar Stoian, Eldad Karamura. Management of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt: Evidence from Impact of Adoption of Cultural Control Practices in Uganda. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (9):2610.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Enoch M. Kikulwe; Joseph Lule Kyanjo; Edward Kato; Reuben T. Ssali; Rockefeller Erima; Samuel Mpiira; Walter Ocimati; William Tinzaara; Jerome Kubiriba; Elisabetta Gotor; Dietmar Stoian; Eldad Karamura. 2019. "Management of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt: Evidence from Impact of Adoption of Cultural Control Practices in Uganda." Sustainability 11, no. 9: 2610.

Journal article
Published: 28 July 2017 in Sustainability
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Crop variety mixtures (different varieties of a crop grown together in a single plot) have been successfully deployed in pathogen and pest management for several crops including wheat, common bean and rice. Despite the available evidence, promotion of this approach has remained limited in many countries, including Uganda. The factors that influence farmers’ adoption of varietal mixtures for common bean and banana were assessed, as well as the perceptions of farmers on the effects of mixtures on yields, through household surveys and statistical modelling. A three-year yield increase in both common bean and banana varietal mixtures in farmer fields, of 5.2% and 28.6%, respectively, is realized using robust OLS estimates. The study reveals that accessing knowledge on the importance of crop varietal mixtures and the skills relating to the approach are crucial for their adoption. Location of the farm significantly determined the perceived yield change, which calls for more research into mixtures’ suitability under particular contexts in respect to compatibility of genotypes, management practices and appropriate acreage for maximum impact. The positive effects of mixtures on yields make it an effective bioeconomy strategy. Policies that minimize the adoption barriers could improve the adoption of crop varietal mixtures on a wider scale.

ACS Style

Rose Nankya; John W. Mulumba; Francesco Caracciolo; Maria Raimondo; Francesca Schiavello; Elisabetta Gotor; Enoch Kikulwe; Devra I. Jarvis. Yield Perceptions, Determinants and Adoption Impact of on Farm Varietal Mixtures for Common Bean and Banana in Uganda. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1321 .

AMA Style

Rose Nankya, John W. Mulumba, Francesco Caracciolo, Maria Raimondo, Francesca Schiavello, Elisabetta Gotor, Enoch Kikulwe, Devra I. Jarvis. Yield Perceptions, Determinants and Adoption Impact of on Farm Varietal Mixtures for Common Bean and Banana in Uganda. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (8):1321.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rose Nankya; John W. Mulumba; Francesco Caracciolo; Maria Raimondo; Francesca Schiavello; Elisabetta Gotor; Enoch Kikulwe; Devra I. Jarvis. 2017. "Yield Perceptions, Determinants and Adoption Impact of on Farm Varietal Mixtures for Common Bean and Banana in Uganda." Sustainability 9, no. 8: 1321.

Journal article
Published: 08 July 2015 in Sustainability
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Minor millets comprise a group of cereal species that are genetically diverse and adapted to a range of marginal growing conditions where major cereals such as wheat, rice, and maize are relatively unsuccessful. Millets require few inputs and withstand severe biotic and abiotic stresses. They are also more nutritious than major cereals. Despite these advantages, neglect in several arenas has resulted in a steady decline in the cultivation of minor millets in India over the past few decades. As part of a United Nations global project on underutilized species, we undertook action research intended to stem the decline in cultivation and enhance the conservation and use of minor millets in 753 households spread across 34 villages in four states of India. Our aim was to improve incomes, nutritional status, and empowerment, especially for women. Overall, our holistic approach to mainstreaming species such as finger millet, little millet, foxtail millet, and barnyard millet indicates that these neglected and underutilized species can play a strategic role in improving many dimensions of livelihoods.

ACS Style

Stefano Padulosi; Bhag Mal; Oliver I. King; Elisabetta Gotor. Minor Millets as a Central Element for Sustainably Enhanced Incomes, Empowerment, and Nutrition in Rural India. Sustainability 2015, 7, 8904 -8933.

AMA Style

Stefano Padulosi, Bhag Mal, Oliver I. King, Elisabetta Gotor. Minor Millets as a Central Element for Sustainably Enhanced Incomes, Empowerment, and Nutrition in Rural India. Sustainability. 2015; 7 (7):8904-8933.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stefano Padulosi; Bhag Mal; Oliver I. King; Elisabetta Gotor. 2015. "Minor Millets as a Central Element for Sustainably Enhanced Incomes, Empowerment, and Nutrition in Rural India." Sustainability 7, no. 7: 8904-8933.

Articles
Published: 11 December 2014 in International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability
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Smallholder farmers who grow diverse landraces in centres of crop diversity contribute to sustaining the capacity of agricultural and food systems to adapt to change by maintaining crop evolution in their fields today, thus enabling humanity to continue to have the broad genetic variation needed to adapt crops to changes tomorrow. Given this fact, the last 20 years have witnessed an ever-growing interest in on-farm conservation of crop infra-specific diversity. While numerous projects to support it have been, and continue to be, implemented worldwide, there has been very little systematic assessment of the extent to which these projects have been effective at contributing to the maintenance of crop diversity on-farm and the creation of associated benefits for the farmers involved. The factors and relationships implicated in attaining conservation and livelihood results are complex, so that a conceptual scheme that brings them together in a simplified but coherent fashion can be extremely useful for the scientists, donors, policy-makers and practitioners concerned. This paper presents a conceptual framework for analysing on-farm projects, the trade-offs involved and assesses their success in a more systematic way.

ACS Style

Mauricio R. Bellon; Elisabetta Gotor; Francesco Caracciolo. Conserving landraces and improving livelihoods: how to assess the success of on-farm conservation projects? International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 2014, 13, 167 -182.

AMA Style

Mauricio R. Bellon, Elisabetta Gotor, Francesco Caracciolo. Conserving landraces and improving livelihoods: how to assess the success of on-farm conservation projects? International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability. 2014; 13 (2):167-182.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mauricio R. Bellon; Elisabetta Gotor; Francesco Caracciolo. 2014. "Conserving landraces and improving livelihoods: how to assess the success of on-farm conservation projects?" International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 13, no. 2: 167-182.

Journal article
Published: 12 March 2014 in Sustainability
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The IFAD-NUS project, implemented over the course of a decade in two phases, represents the first UN-supported global effort on neglected and underutilized species (NUS). This initiative, deployed and tested a holistic and innovative value chain framework using multi-stakeholder, participatory, inter-disciplinary, pro-poor gender- and nutrition-sensitive approaches. The project has been linking aspects often dealt with separately by R&D, such as genetic diversity, selection, cultivation, harvest, value addition, marketing, and final use, with the goal to contribute to conservation, better incomes, and improved nutrition and strengthened livelihood resilience. The project contributed to the greater conservation of Andean grains and their associated indigenous knowledge, through promoting wider use of their diversity by value chain actors, adoption of best cultivation practices, development of improved varieties, dissemination of high quality seed, and capacity development. Reduced drudgery in harvest and postharvest operations, and increased food safety were achieved through technological innovations. Development of innovative food products and inclusion of Andean grains in school meal programs is projected to have had a positive nutrition outcome for targeted communities. Increased income was recorded for all value chain actors, along with strengthened networking skills and self-reliance in marketing. The holistic approach taken in this study is advocated as an effective strategy to enhance the use of other neglected and underutilized species for conservation and livelihood benefits.

ACS Style

Stefano Padulosi; Karen Amaya; Matthias Jäger; Elisabetta Gotor; Wilfredo Rojas; Roberto Valdivia. A Holistic Approach to Enhance the Use of Neglected and Underutilized Species: The Case of Andean Grains in Bolivia and Peru. Sustainability 2014, 6, 1283 -1312.

AMA Style

Stefano Padulosi, Karen Amaya, Matthias Jäger, Elisabetta Gotor, Wilfredo Rojas, Roberto Valdivia. A Holistic Approach to Enhance the Use of Neglected and Underutilized Species: The Case of Andean Grains in Bolivia and Peru. Sustainability. 2014; 6 (3):1283-1312.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stefano Padulosi; Karen Amaya; Matthias Jäger; Elisabetta Gotor; Wilfredo Rojas; Roberto Valdivia. 2014. "A Holistic Approach to Enhance the Use of Neglected and Underutilized Species: The Case of Andean Grains in Bolivia and Peru." Sustainability 6, no. 3: 1283-1312.

Articles
Published: 16 May 2013 in International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability
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The aim of this paper is to analyse the impact of a set of interventions related to conservation and use of neglected and underutilized species (NUS) on people's livelihoods. Specifically, a simultaneous three-equation model of households' participation on underutilized crops conservation and income generation activities is applied to evaluate the outcome of a pilot research project implemented by Bioversity International in Yemen between 2002 and 2005. Results generated show a relation between project participation and the perceived yield increase demonstrating the importance for farmers to actively participate in the project's activities and subsequently apply agronomic practices learnt to improve their livelihood. The generated benefits incentivized farmers to continue to apply the interventions beyond the lifetime of the project ensuring thus a sustainable process in which exogenous interventions, once adopted by farmers become integrant part of farmer's agronomic practices.

ACS Style

Elisabetta Gotor; Francesco Caracciolo; Genowefa Blundo Canto; Mohammed Al Nusairi. Improving rural livelihoods through the conservation and use of underutilized species: evidence from a community research project in Yemen. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 2013, 11, 347 -362.

AMA Style

Elisabetta Gotor, Francesco Caracciolo, Genowefa Blundo Canto, Mohammed Al Nusairi. Improving rural livelihoods through the conservation and use of underutilized species: evidence from a community research project in Yemen. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability. 2013; 11 (4):347-362.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elisabetta Gotor; Francesco Caracciolo; Genowefa Blundo Canto; Mohammed Al Nusairi. 2013. "Improving rural livelihoods through the conservation and use of underutilized species: evidence from a community research project in Yemen." International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 11, no. 4: 347-362.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2010 in World Development
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This study assesses the generation and consequences of the In-Trust Agreements (ITAs) that established the legal status of the CGIAR germplasm as freely available for the benefit of humanity under the auspices of FAO. The analysis looks at the history of the ITAs and focuses on the role of Bioversity International in research and other activities in influencing, facilitating and enabling the ITA negotiations. Results confirm the central role of Bioversity and policy research in the negotiations process. Concepts developed during the ITA negotiations contributed toward subsequent multilateral negotiations that eventually culminated in the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources

ACS Style

Elisabetta Gotor; Francesco Caracciolo; Jamie Watts. The Perceived Impact of the In-Trust Agreements on CGIAR Germplasm Availability: An Assessment of Bioversity International’s Institutional Activities. World Development 2010, 38, 1486 -1493.

AMA Style

Elisabetta Gotor, Francesco Caracciolo, Jamie Watts. The Perceived Impact of the In-Trust Agreements on CGIAR Germplasm Availability: An Assessment of Bioversity International’s Institutional Activities. World Development. 2010; 38 (10):1486-1493.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elisabetta Gotor; Francesco Caracciolo; Jamie Watts. 2010. "The Perceived Impact of the In-Trust Agreements on CGIAR Germplasm Availability: An Assessment of Bioversity International’s Institutional Activities." World Development 38, no. 10: 1486-1493.

Journal article
Published: 02 December 2009 in International Journal of the Commons
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The objective of this paper is to assess the possible influence of the 1994 In Trust Agreements (ITAs) on acquisition and distribution of germplasm held by the International Research Rice Institute (IRRI) genebank. The agreements, legally affirmed the ‘public good’ status of the collections that were placed ‘In Trust’ for the benefit of the world community under agreements with FAO. They initiated a formal system of multilateral access to CGIAR-held ex situ genetic resources. The hypothesis that the consequences of the ITAs lead to an enhancement of CGIAR germplasm utilization is tested here using a basic conceptual framework to infer on factors determining the distribution of germplasm. Subsequently a Bayesian empirical model is applied to IRRI accessions distribution’s time-series to provide formal evidence to the hypothesis. Results show that there is a discernible ‘change’ point that would support a significant drop in germplasm distribution followed by a new growing trend around the establishment of the ITAs. This had followed a period beginning around 1989 and leading up to the establishment of the ITAs of a large number of requests for restoration of germplasm back to countries of origin and a reduction in acquisitions. As a result the number of accessions held by IRRI reached a low point around 1994. The number of accessions might not have been built back up without the establishment of a stable policy environment that was provided by the ITAs.

ACS Style

Elisabetta Gotor; Francesco Caracciolo. An empirical assessment of the effects of the 1994 In Trust Agreements on IRRI Germplasm Acquisition and Distribution. International Journal of the Commons 2009, 4, 437 .

AMA Style

Elisabetta Gotor, Francesco Caracciolo. An empirical assessment of the effects of the 1994 In Trust Agreements on IRRI Germplasm Acquisition and Distribution. International Journal of the Commons. 2009; 4 (1):437.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elisabetta Gotor; Francesco Caracciolo. 2009. "An empirical assessment of the effects of the 1994 In Trust Agreements on IRRI Germplasm Acquisition and Distribution." International Journal of the Commons 4, no. 1: 437.

Journal article
Published: 02 December 2009 in International Journal of the Commons
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The objective of this paper is to assess the possible influence of the 1994 In Trust Agreements (ITAs) on acquisition and distribution of germplasm held by the International Research Rice Institute (IRRI) genebank. The agreements, legally affirmed the ‘public good’ status of the collections that were placed ‘In Trust’ for the benefit of the world community under agreements with FAO. They initiated a formal system of multilateral access to CGIAR-held ex situ genetic resources. The hypothesis that the consequences of the ITAs lead to an enhancement of CGIAR germplasm utilization is tested here using a basic conceptual framework to infer on factors determining the distribution of germplasm. Subsequently a Bayesian empirical model is applied to IRRI accessions distribution’s time-series to provide formal evidence to the hypothesis. Results show that there is a discernible ‘change’ point that would support a significant drop in germplasm distribution followed by a new growing trend around the establishment of the ITAs. This had followed a period beginning around 1989 and leading up to the establishment of the ITAs of a large number of requests for restoration of germplasm back to countries of origin and a reduction in acquisitions. As a result the number of accessions held by IRRI reached a low point around 1994. The number of accessions might not have been built back up without the establishment of a stable policy environment that was provided by the ITAs.

ACS Style

Elisabetta Gotor; Francesco Caracciolo. An empirical assessment of the effects of the 1994 In Trust Agreements on IRRI Germplasm Acquisition and Distribution. International Journal of the Commons 2009, 4, 437 .

AMA Style

Elisabetta Gotor, Francesco Caracciolo. An empirical assessment of the effects of the 1994 In Trust Agreements on IRRI Germplasm Acquisition and Distribution. International Journal of the Commons. 2009; 4 (1):437.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elisabetta Gotor; Francesco Caracciolo. 2009. "An empirical assessment of the effects of the 1994 In Trust Agreements on IRRI Germplasm Acquisition and Distribution." International Journal of the Commons 4, no. 1: 437.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2009 in Journal of Agricultural Economics
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ACS Style

Elisabetta Gotor. Developing Markets for Agrobiodiversity. Securing livelihoods in dryland areas. Journal of Agricultural Economics 2009, 60, 466 -468.

AMA Style

Elisabetta Gotor. Developing Markets for Agrobiodiversity. Securing livelihoods in dryland areas. Journal of Agricultural Economics. 2009; 60 (2):466-468.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elisabetta Gotor. 2009. "Developing Markets for Agrobiodiversity. Securing livelihoods in dryland areas." Journal of Agricultural Economics 60, no. 2: 466-468.

Journal article
Published: 06 June 2008 in Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution
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This paper explores the history of descriptor lists (DLs)—scientific standards for documenting plant genetic resources—which have been published by Bioversity International since 1976 (formerly IBPGR 1974–1991; IPGRI 1991–2006). Each DL represents an important tool; together, they constitute the basis for a standardized characterization system that provides an internationally agreed format and universally understood ‘language’ for plant genetic resources data. The paper also presents an analysis of data collected through questionnaires and web statistics on the impact of DLs in order to understand their use by major stakeholders. The usefulness of Bioversity’s DLs was measured in terms of their value in facilitating the establishment of databases, and improving collaborations and information exchange among organizations. Most survey respondents reported that they not only used Bioversity’s DLs, but recognized them as the standards for plant genetic resources data collection and management. Bioversity’s DLs are widely respected because they are developed by large groups of crop specialists. Together, the DLs are helping Bioversity to meet the ambitious objective of establishing a Clearing-House Mechanism as set forth by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Article 18.3, which seeks to promote and facilitate information exchange among parties, Governments and stakeholders in order to assure a full implementation of the CBD. A number of areas for improvement were identified, although some of them are either outside Bioversity’s mandate or depend on human or financial capital for implementation.

ACS Style

E. Gotor; A. Alercia; V. Ramanatha Rao; J. Watts; Francesco Caracciolo. The scientific information activity of Bioversity International: the descriptor lists. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 2008, 55, 757 -772.

AMA Style

E. Gotor, A. Alercia, V. Ramanatha Rao, J. Watts, Francesco Caracciolo. The scientific information activity of Bioversity International: the descriptor lists. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. 2008; 55 (5):757-772.

Chicago/Turabian Style

E. Gotor; A. Alercia; V. Ramanatha Rao; J. Watts; Francesco Caracciolo. 2008. "The scientific information activity of Bioversity International: the descriptor lists." Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 55, no. 5: 757-772.