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Sami Ul-Allah
College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Layyah, Pakistan

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Original paper
Published: 21 August 2021 in Silicon
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Oryza sativa, king of cereals, is staple food for almost one third of global population. Water deficit is one of the main abiotic factors mitigating its yield potential. Among possible controlling practices, application of Silicon and Selenium are known to affect various physiological and biochemical mechanisms to curtail water deficiency stress. The purpose of the present research was to observe the effects of Silicon (Si) and Selenium (Se) to minimize the harmful effects of water deficient condition. Treatments included control (CK), water stress (40 % water holding capacity, WHC), water stress + Silicon (40 % WHC + 1.5 mM Silicon), water stress + Selenium (40 % WHC + 0.5 mM Se) and water stress + Silicon + Selenium (40 % WHC + 1.5 mM Si and 0.5mM Se solutions). Data of root and shoot length, plant height, root and shoot dry and fresh weight, relative water contents, chlorophyll contents, protein contents, grain length, grain width and grain yield were collected. Application of Si and Se promoted plant growth and development, yield and quality traits under drought stress but maximum performance was observed with co-application of both micronutrients. It is concluded that combine application of Silicon and Selenium alleviates the effect of drought stress on growth and yield of rice by reducing the water loss and improving the chlorophyll contents.

ACS Style

Fozia Ghouri; Zeeshan Ali; Muhammad Naeem; Sami Ul-Allah; Muhammad Babar; Faheem Shehzad Baloch; Waqas Shafqat Chattah; Muhammad Qasim Shahid. Effects of Silicon and Selenium in Alleviation of Drought Stress in Rice. Silicon 2021, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Fozia Ghouri, Zeeshan Ali, Muhammad Naeem, Sami Ul-Allah, Muhammad Babar, Faheem Shehzad Baloch, Waqas Shafqat Chattah, Muhammad Qasim Shahid. Effects of Silicon and Selenium in Alleviation of Drought Stress in Rice. Silicon. 2021; ():1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fozia Ghouri; Zeeshan Ali; Muhammad Naeem; Sami Ul-Allah; Muhammad Babar; Faheem Shehzad Baloch; Waqas Shafqat Chattah; Muhammad Qasim Shahid. 2021. "Effects of Silicon and Selenium in Alleviation of Drought Stress in Rice." Silicon , no. : 1-9.

Journal article
Published: 30 July 2021 in Sustainability
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Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), a member of the Asteraceae, is one of the major oilseed crops around the world. Charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid is the most damaging disease of sunflowers globally. Fungicides are mostly used to control charcoal rot; however, these cause environmental pollution and pose adverse effects on the ecosystem. Therefore, ecofriendly management options are inevitable for the management of charcoal rot disease. Plant mineral nutrition, the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and biochar have recently been manipulated for the management of different plant diseases. However, the interactive effects of all these treatments have rarely been tested on charcoal rot suppression in sunflowers. This study assessed the influence of sulfur (0 and 2.25 mg/kg) combined with farmyard manure biochar (2%), NPK (20:20:20 mg/kg) and three different plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains on the charcoal rot suppression growth, yield, biochemistry and physiology of sunflower. The PGPR strains included in the study were Bacillus sp. strain MR-1/2 (regarded as PGPR1), Achromobacter sp. strain FB-14 (regarded as PGPR2) and Planomicrobium sp. strain MSSA-10 (regarded as PGPR3). The charcoal rot infestation was induced by inoculating the soil with M. phaseolina, and the impacts of the different treatments were studied on the disease infestation, growth, yield, biochemistry and physiology of sunflowers under 0 and 2.25-mg/kg S application. The results revealed that farmyard manure biochar and Planomicrobium sp. strain MSSA-10 in combination with 2.25-mg/kg S proved effective for the management of charcoal rot disease through regulating the antioxidant enzymes’ activities and strengthening the immune system of sunflower plants. The studied health markers (total chlorophyll content and carotenoids) and stress markers (total protein content, catalase and peroxidase) were significantly altered by the applied treatments under 0 and 2.25-mg/kg S applications. The findings of the experiment indicated that both farmyard manure biochar and Planomicrobium sp. strain MSSA-10, combined with 2.25-mg/kg S, could be used to enhance the crop yield and manage charcoal rot disease in sunflowers. Farmyard manure biochar and Planomicrobium sp. strain MSSA-10 are an easy-to-apply, cost-effective, ecofriendly and sustainable option for the management of charcoal rot disease in sunflowers.

ACS Style

Muhammad Ijaz; Abdul Sattar; Ahmad Sher; Sami Ul-Allah; Muhammad Mansha; Kashif Khan; Muhammad Shahzad; Abdullah Al-Sadi; Muhammad Arif; Bandar Aljuaid; Ahmed El-Shehawi; Shahid Farooq. Sulfur Application Combined with Planomicrobium sp. Strain MSSA-10 and Farmyard Manure Biochar Helps in the Management of Charcoal Rot Disease in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Sustainability 2021, 13, 8535 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Ijaz, Abdul Sattar, Ahmad Sher, Sami Ul-Allah, Muhammad Mansha, Kashif Khan, Muhammad Shahzad, Abdullah Al-Sadi, Muhammad Arif, Bandar Aljuaid, Ahmed El-Shehawi, Shahid Farooq. Sulfur Application Combined with Planomicrobium sp. Strain MSSA-10 and Farmyard Manure Biochar Helps in the Management of Charcoal Rot Disease in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8535.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Ijaz; Abdul Sattar; Ahmad Sher; Sami Ul-Allah; Muhammad Mansha; Kashif Khan; Muhammad Shahzad; Abdullah Al-Sadi; Muhammad Arif; Bandar Aljuaid; Ahmed El-Shehawi; Shahid Farooq. 2021. "Sulfur Application Combined with Planomicrobium sp. Strain MSSA-10 and Farmyard Manure Biochar Helps in the Management of Charcoal Rot Disease in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8535.

Journal article
Published: 18 July 2021 in Agronomy
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Because it is a staple food, sustainable production of wheat is crucial for global food security. Arid and semi-arid regions are worst affected by climate change, which has resulted in poor productivity of different crops, including wheat. To this end, this study aimed to investigate the effect of foliage-applied thiourea on the growth, yield, and nutritional-quality-related traits of bread wheat. The treatments consisted of thiourea levels (control, 500, and 1000 mg L−1) factorally combined with two diverse wheat cultivars (Gandam-1 and Galaxy-2013) at different growth stages (tillering, booting, and heading) and was repeated over two years. The analysis of the data shows that thiourea treatments and the cultivars significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected the growth, nutritional quality traits, and morphological traits, and the interaction of the two factors was also significant. Improvement in productivity and nutritional quality was observed from the application of thiourea in both cultivars. Galaxy-2013 performed best at 1000 mg L−1 thiourea application for both productivity- and nutritional-quality-related traits at the heading stage. In conclusion, exogenous application of thiourea improves the productivity and nutritional quality of wheat on sandy loam soils in semi-arid regions; however, for wider recommendations, more trials may be conducted across various agro-ecological regions.

ACS Style

Ahmad Sher; Xiukang Wang; Abdul Sattar; Muhammad Ijaz; Sami Ul-Allah; Muhammad Nasrullah; Yamin Bibi; Abdul Manaf; Sajid Fiaz; Abdul Qayyum. Exogenous Application of Thiourea for Improving the Productivity and Nutritional Quality of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Agronomy 2021, 11, 1432 .

AMA Style

Ahmad Sher, Xiukang Wang, Abdul Sattar, Muhammad Ijaz, Sami Ul-Allah, Muhammad Nasrullah, Yamin Bibi, Abdul Manaf, Sajid Fiaz, Abdul Qayyum. Exogenous Application of Thiourea for Improving the Productivity and Nutritional Quality of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Agronomy. 2021; 11 (7):1432.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmad Sher; Xiukang Wang; Abdul Sattar; Muhammad Ijaz; Sami Ul-Allah; Muhammad Nasrullah; Yamin Bibi; Abdul Manaf; Sajid Fiaz; Abdul Qayyum. 2021. "Exogenous Application of Thiourea for Improving the Productivity and Nutritional Quality of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Agronomy 11, no. 7: 1432.

Journal article
Published: 15 July 2021 in Crop Protection
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Different crop sequences and tillage systems strongly affect weed flora composition and crop productivity. Exploring the impacts of tillage systems and crop sequences on weed infestation/flora and crop productivity may help in improving system productivity through the selection of optimum cropping sequence and tillage system. This two-year study assessed the impact of five crop sequences, i.e., fallow-barley (F-B), maize-barley (M-B), cotton-barley (C-B), mungbean-barley (MB-B) and sorghum-barley (S-B) on weed infestation and productivity of barley crop under five different tillage systems, i.e., conventional tillage (CT), no tillage (NT), minimum tillage (MT), strip tillage (ST) and bed sowing (BS). Crop sequences and tillage systems significantly altered density and biomass of total and individual weeds, and yield-related traits of barley. The F-B, MB-B or C-B sequences with NT recorded higher weed infestation compared to the rest of crop sequences and tillage systems. However, all crop sequences with tilled soils (i.e., BS and CT) recorded lesser weed infestation than NT. The S-B and M-B sequences suppressed weed infestation under different tillage systems. Bed-sown barley in MB-B sequence had the highest number of productive tillers (251.79 and 273.74), number of grains spike−1 (56.53 and 54.60), 1000-grains weight (40.98 and 40.98 g) and grain yield (3.27 and 3.32 t ha−1) during 1st and 2nd year, respectively. Adoption of bed sowing and crop sequence having allelopathic crop seemed a viable option to suppress weed infestation, whereas crop sequence with legume improved system productivity of barley-based crop sequences.

ACS Style

Muhammad Naeem; Muhammad Farooq; Shahid Farooq; Sami Ul-Allah; Saleh Alfarraj; Mubshar Hussain. The impact of different crop sequences on weed infestation and productivity of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under different tillage systems. Crop Protection 2021, 149, 105759 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Naeem, Muhammad Farooq, Shahid Farooq, Sami Ul-Allah, Saleh Alfarraj, Mubshar Hussain. The impact of different crop sequences on weed infestation and productivity of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under different tillage systems. Crop Protection. 2021; 149 ():105759.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Naeem; Muhammad Farooq; Shahid Farooq; Sami Ul-Allah; Saleh Alfarraj; Mubshar Hussain. 2021. "The impact of different crop sequences on weed infestation and productivity of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under different tillage systems." Crop Protection 149, no. : 105759.

Research article
Published: 23 June 2021 in PLOS ONE
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Zinc (Zn) is an important micronutrient for crop plants and essential for human health. The Zn-deficiency is an important malnutrition problem known globally. Biofortified foods could overcome Zn deficiency in humans. Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is an important, pulse crop frequently grown in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Mungbean could provide essential micronutrients, including Zn to humans. Therefore, it is very important to investigate the impact of Zn fertilization on the yield and grain biofortification of mungbean. Twelve mungbean genotypes (i.e., NM-28, NM-2011, NM-13-1, NM-2006, NM-51, NM-54, NM-19-19, NM-92, NM-121-25, NM-20-21, 7006, 7008) were assessed for their genetic diversity followed by Zn-biofortification, growth and yield under control (0 kg ha-1) and Zn-fertilized (10 kg ha-1) conditions. Data relating to allometric traits, yield components, grain yield and grain Zn contents were recorded. Zinc fertilization improved entire allometric and yield-related traits. Grain yield of different genotypes ranged from 439 to 904 kg ha-1 under control and 536 to 1462 kg ha-1 under Zn-fertilization. Zinc concentration in the grains varied from 15.50 to 45.60 mg kg-1 under control and 18.53 to 64.23 mg kg-1 under Zn-fertilized conditions. The tested genotypes differed in their Zn-biofortification potential. The highest and the lowest grain Zn contents were noted for genotypes NM-28 and NM-121-25, respectively. Significant variation in yield and Zn-biofortification indicated the potential for improvement in mungbean yield and grain Zn-biofortification. The genotypes NM-28 and NM-2006 could be used in breeding programs for improvement in grain Zn concentration due to their high Zn uptake potential. Nonetheless, all available genotypes in the country should be screened for their Zn-biofortification potential.

ACS Style

Muhammad Umar Haider; Mubshar Hussain; Muhammad Farooq; Sami Ul-Allah; Mohammad Javed Ansari; Mona S. Alwahibi; Shahid Farooq. Zinc biofortification potential of diverse mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] genotypes under field conditions. PLOS ONE 2021, 16, e0253085 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Umar Haider, Mubshar Hussain, Muhammad Farooq, Sami Ul-Allah, Mohammad Javed Ansari, Mona S. Alwahibi, Shahid Farooq. Zinc biofortification potential of diverse mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] genotypes under field conditions. PLOS ONE. 2021; 16 (6):e0253085.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Umar Haider; Mubshar Hussain; Muhammad Farooq; Sami Ul-Allah; Mohammad Javed Ansari; Mona S. Alwahibi; Shahid Farooq. 2021. "Zinc biofortification potential of diverse mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] genotypes under field conditions." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6: e0253085.

Agriculture
Published: 18 June 2021 in PLOS ONE
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Tomato production in Pakistan faces significant problems of low yields due to various biotic and abiotic stresses primarily because of a narrow genetic base of the cultivars being used. Therefore, Introduction and evaluation of the exotic tomato germplasm has become necessary to acquire elite material to develop future breeding programs. To this end, the present study was conducted for the phenotypic characterization of twenty exotic tomato genotypes along with two locally grown cultivars in semi-arid subtropical climate. Data were collected for morphological, fruit quality and fruit yield traits. A significant (p<0.05) phenotypic variation was observed for all the studied traits. Maximum yield was obtained from “Rober” i.e., 1508.31 g per plant. The maximum shelf life was observed in the Cromco, with the least weight loss (2.45%) and loss in the firmness of fruit (22.61%) in 4 days. Correlation analyses revealed a strong genetic association among morphological and yield related traits. High estimates of the heritability (ranged from 79.77% to 95.01% for different traits), along with a high genetic advance (up to 34%) showed the potential usefulness of these traits and genotypes to develop breeding programs to improve the tomato yield and fruit quality.

ACS Style

Zeshan Hassan; Sami Ul-Allah; Azhar Abbas Khan; Umbreen Shahzad; Muhammad Khurshid; Ali Bakhsh; Huma Amin; Muhammad Shah Jahan; Abdul Rehim; Zahid Manzoor. Phenotypic characterization of exotic tomato germplasm: An excellent breeding resource. PLOS ONE 2021, 16, e0253557 .

AMA Style

Zeshan Hassan, Sami Ul-Allah, Azhar Abbas Khan, Umbreen Shahzad, Muhammad Khurshid, Ali Bakhsh, Huma Amin, Muhammad Shah Jahan, Abdul Rehim, Zahid Manzoor. Phenotypic characterization of exotic tomato germplasm: An excellent breeding resource. PLOS ONE. 2021; 16 (6):e0253557.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zeshan Hassan; Sami Ul-Allah; Azhar Abbas Khan; Umbreen Shahzad; Muhammad Khurshid; Ali Bakhsh; Huma Amin; Muhammad Shah Jahan; Abdul Rehim; Zahid Manzoor. 2021. "Phenotypic characterization of exotic tomato germplasm: An excellent breeding resource." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6: e0253557.

Original paper
Published: 01 June 2021 in Cereal Research Communications
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Drought stress is an alarming threat to food security in the climate change scenario. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of strigolactone for drought tolerance in maize seedlings. The treatments consisted of two water regimes, i.e., (1) well-watered, at 80% water holding capacity (WHC) and (2) drought stress, at 40% WHC which were factorally combined with three Strigolactone concentrations (0, 10 and 20 µM) as foliar spray. Results revealed that drought stress diminishes the seedling growth, plant water relations and photosynthetic activities by producing more reactive oxygen species which lead to higher oxidative damage in maize seedlings. Application of strigolactone improved plant growth attributes by improving the gas exchange parameters, water relations and chlorophyll pigments. Application of strigolactone also enhanced the enzymatic antioxidants activities, including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase in stressed seedlings over control. In conclusion, strigolactone improved the water relations, increased photosynthetic pigments and gas exchange parameters and enhanced antioxidant enzymatic activities to impart drought stress tolerance in maize seedlings. To best of our knowledge, this is the first study on role on strigolactone on drought stress tolerance mechanism in maize seedling.

ACS Style

Abdul Sattar; Sami Ul-Allah; Muhammad Ijaz; Ahmad Sher; Madiha Butt; Tahira Abbas; Muhammad Irfan; Tehreem Fatima; Saleh Alfarraj; Sulaiman Ali Alharbi. Exogenous application of strigolactone alleviates drought stress in maize seedlings by regulating the physiological and antioxidants defense mechanisms. Cereal Research Communications 2021, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Abdul Sattar, Sami Ul-Allah, Muhammad Ijaz, Ahmad Sher, Madiha Butt, Tahira Abbas, Muhammad Irfan, Tehreem Fatima, Saleh Alfarraj, Sulaiman Ali Alharbi. Exogenous application of strigolactone alleviates drought stress in maize seedlings by regulating the physiological and antioxidants defense mechanisms. Cereal Research Communications. 2021; ():1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdul Sattar; Sami Ul-Allah; Muhammad Ijaz; Ahmad Sher; Madiha Butt; Tahira Abbas; Muhammad Irfan; Tehreem Fatima; Saleh Alfarraj; Sulaiman Ali Alharbi. 2021. "Exogenous application of strigolactone alleviates drought stress in maize seedlings by regulating the physiological and antioxidants defense mechanisms." Cereal Research Communications , no. : 1-10.

Original article
Published: 13 March 2021 in Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection
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Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) is a menace to cotton productivity in Africa and Asia, especially in Pakistan. Early cotton planting is one of the options for CLCuV management, but due to late harvesting of wheat crop in cotton-wheat cropping system, early planting is not feasible. To address this problem, a two-year experiment was conducted at Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. The experiment includes a commercially grown and approved cotton genotype IUB-13 grown at two spacings i.e. normal spacing (30 cm plant-to-plant distance) and high density population (15 cm plant-to-plant distance). In both cases, row-to-row distance was kept constant i.e. 75 cm. From the experiment, data were collected for CLCuV infestation, seed cotton yield (SCY), number of bolls per unit area (NB), boll weight (BW), above ground fresh biomass (AGFB), harvest index (HI), ginning out-turn (GOT) and fibre quality traits e.g. fibre length (FL) and fibre fineness (FF). Significant reduction in above mentioned traits was observed mainly attributed to higher CLCuV infestation in late sown cotton (30th May, 2018 and 2019). It was clearly evident from the results that yield losses due to CLCuV were effectively compensated in late sowing with high plant densities (reducing the plant spacing) due to improvement in the AGFB and HI.

ACS Style

Muhammad Iqbal; Mueen Alam Khan; Sami Ul-Allah. High density cotton population in late sowing improves productivity and tolerance to cotton leaf curl virus under semi-arid subtropical conditions. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 2021, 128, 685 -692.

AMA Style

Muhammad Iqbal, Mueen Alam Khan, Sami Ul-Allah. High density cotton population in late sowing improves productivity and tolerance to cotton leaf curl virus under semi-arid subtropical conditions. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection. 2021; 128 (3):685-692.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Iqbal; Mueen Alam Khan; Sami Ul-Allah. 2021. "High density cotton population in late sowing improves productivity and tolerance to cotton leaf curl virus under semi-arid subtropical conditions." Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 128, no. 3: 685-692.

Articles
Published: 13 May 2020 in Journal of Plant Nutrition
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Maize (Zea mays L.) plays an important role in the global food security, but its production is threatened by climate change, especially drought stress. Potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) are considered useful to mitigate the negative consequences of drought stress in plants. Therefore, the objective of this two-year study was to identify the best combination of K and Zn application to improve the water relations, photosynthetic pigments, yield, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and grain quality of maize sown under mild and severe drought stress conditions. The consisted of three drought stress levels viz. 1) well-watered as control (WW), 2) mild drought (MD) with 25 mm of potential soil moisture deficit (PSMD), 3) severe drought (SD) with 50 mm of PSMD and six K-Zn treatments: i.e. 125, 100 and 150 kg ha−1 K with 0 and 12 kg ha−1 Zn. The results indicated that K-Zn application improved the water relations and chlorophyll contents, biological yield and grain quality, irrespective of water stress treatment. The combined application of K-Zn under mild drought stress produced statistically same biological yield and grain quality as under well-irrigated without K-Zn fertilization and also produced compratively higher IWUE, biological yield and grain quality under sverer drought stress. Hence, the application of K at 150 kg ha−1 in combination with Zn at 12 kg ha−1 might be useful to improve the maize production and grain quality under drought stress. As IWUE was low in WW conditions, therefore, irrigation scheduling must be re-evaluated for optimum water use efficiency.

ACS Style

Sajid Hussain; Muhammad Maqsood; Muhammad Ijaz; Sami Ul-Allah; Abdul Sattar; Ahmad Sher; Ahmad Nawaz. Combined Application of Potassium and Zinc Improves Water Relations, Stay Green, Irrigation Water Use Efficiency, and Grain Quality of Maize under Drought Stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition 2020, 43, 2214 -2225.

AMA Style

Sajid Hussain, Muhammad Maqsood, Muhammad Ijaz, Sami Ul-Allah, Abdul Sattar, Ahmad Sher, Ahmad Nawaz. Combined Application of Potassium and Zinc Improves Water Relations, Stay Green, Irrigation Water Use Efficiency, and Grain Quality of Maize under Drought Stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 2020; 43 (14):2214-2225.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sajid Hussain; Muhammad Maqsood; Muhammad Ijaz; Sami Ul-Allah; Abdul Sattar; Ahmad Sher; Ahmad Nawaz. 2020. "Combined Application of Potassium and Zinc Improves Water Relations, Stay Green, Irrigation Water Use Efficiency, and Grain Quality of Maize under Drought Stress." Journal of Plant Nutrition 43, no. 14: 2214-2225.

Research article
Published: 13 May 2020 in PLoS ONE
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Heat stress along with low water availability at reproductive stage (terminal growth phase of wheat crop) is major contributing factor towards less wheat production in tropics and sub-tropics. Flag leaf plays a pivotal role in assimilate partitioning and stress tolerance of wheat during terminal growth phase. However, limited is known about biochemical response of flag leaf to combined and individual heat and drought stress during terminal growth phase. Therefore, current study investigated combined and individual effect of terminal drought and heat stress on water relations, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes accumulation and antioxidants defense mechanism in flag leaf of bread wheat. Experimental treatments comprised of control, terminal drought stress alone (50% field capacity during reproductive phase), terminal heat stress alone (wheat grown inside plastic tunnel during reproductive phase) and terminal drought stress + terminal heat stress. Individual and combined imposition of drought and heat stresses significantly (p≤0.05) altered water relations, osmolyte contents, soluble proteins and sugars along with activated antioxidant defensive system in terms of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Turgor potential, POD and APX activities were lowest under individual heat stress; however, these were improved when drought stress was combined with heat stress. It is concluded that combined effect of drought and heat stress was more detrimental than individual stresses. The interactive effect of both stresses was hypo-additive in nature, but for some traits (like turgor potential and APX) effect of one stress neutralized the other. To best of our knowledge, this is the first report on physiological and biochemical response of flag leaf of wheat to combine heat and drought stress. These results will help future studies dealing with improved stress tolerance in wheat. However, detailed studies are needed to fully understand the genetic mechanisms behind these physiological and biochemical changes in flag leaf in response to combined heat and drought stress.

ACS Style

Abdul Sattar; Ahmad Sher; Muhammad Ijaz; Sami Ul-Allah; Muhammad Shahid Rizwan; Mubshar Hussain; Khawar Jabran; Mumtaz A. Cheema. Terminal drought and heat stress alter physiological and biochemical attributes in flag leaf of bread wheat. PLoS ONE 2020, 15, e0232974 .

AMA Style

Abdul Sattar, Ahmad Sher, Muhammad Ijaz, Sami Ul-Allah, Muhammad Shahid Rizwan, Mubshar Hussain, Khawar Jabran, Mumtaz A. Cheema. Terminal drought and heat stress alter physiological and biochemical attributes in flag leaf of bread wheat. PLoS ONE. 2020; 15 (5):e0232974.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdul Sattar; Ahmad Sher; Muhammad Ijaz; Sami Ul-Allah; Muhammad Shahid Rizwan; Mubshar Hussain; Khawar Jabran; Mumtaz A. Cheema. 2020. "Terminal drought and heat stress alter physiological and biochemical attributes in flag leaf of bread wheat." PLoS ONE 15, no. 5: e0232974.

Original paper
Published: 22 April 2020 in Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
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Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important food and feed cereals of the world, but its production is threatened by sudden climate change especially drought. While, low organic matter in soils increases the drought severity. Therefore, study was planned to investigate the interactive effect of biochar and silicon (Si) nutrition on morpho-physiological and biochemical traits under water-deficit environment. Drought stress was applied subsequent 15 days of seedlings development. Experimental treatments comprised of CK (controlled soil no drought stress nor amended), only drought (40% water holding capacity (WHC)), drought + Si (40% WHC with 100 mg Si kg−1 soil), drought + biochar (40% WHC with 4 t ha−1), and drought + Si + biochar (40% WHC + 100 mg Si kg−1 soil +4 t ha−1). Data were collected after 15 days of treatment application. Drought reduced the growth of maize seedlings by reducing shoot biomass (38%), seedling weight (37%), photosynthetic rate (29%), transpiration rate (28.7%), and relative water contents (23.8%) and increased the activities CAT (30%), SOD (38.5%), and POD (33%). The positive effect of sole application of biochar and silicon was observed in improving physio-biochemical traits. In addition, better results were obtained with combined application of biochar and Si in enhancing maize growth such as shoots (25%), roots (40%), and seedlings (27%) as compared with drought. Combined application of biochar and Si may be a viable option to alleviate adversities of drought stress for maize growth and development.

ACS Style

Abdul Sattar; Ahmad Sher; Muhammad Ijaz; Sami Ul-Allah; Madiha Butt; Muhammad Irfan; Muhammad Shahid Rizwan; Hakoomat Ali; Mumtaz A. Cheema. Interactive Effect of Biochar and Silicon on Improving Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Attributes of Maize by Reducing Drought Hazards. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 2020, 20, 1819 -1826.

AMA Style

Abdul Sattar, Ahmad Sher, Muhammad Ijaz, Sami Ul-Allah, Madiha Butt, Muhammad Irfan, Muhammad Shahid Rizwan, Hakoomat Ali, Mumtaz A. Cheema. Interactive Effect of Biochar and Silicon on Improving Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Attributes of Maize by Reducing Drought Hazards. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 2020; 20 (4):1819-1826.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdul Sattar; Ahmad Sher; Muhammad Ijaz; Sami Ul-Allah; Madiha Butt; Muhammad Irfan; Muhammad Shahid Rizwan; Hakoomat Ali; Mumtaz A. Cheema. 2020. "Interactive Effect of Biochar and Silicon on Improving Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Attributes of Maize by Reducing Drought Hazards." Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 20, no. 4: 1819-1826.

Journal article
Published: 02 March 2020 in Italian Journal of Agronomy
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Lower nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is a major yield limiting factor in semi-arid regions due to poor organic contents of the soils. There is a close relationship between soil organic matter and NUE of fertilizers. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the effect of sole N fertilizer and its combinations with organic amendments (farm manure combinations) on N use efficiency and crop productivity. For this purpose, a two-year field study was conducted to access the influence of integrated use of synthetic N fertilizer (urea) and farm manure on N use efficiency and wheat productivity. Treatments include i.e. Control, 100% N by Urea + 0%N by farm manure (FM), 75% N by Urea + 25 % N by FM, 50% N by Urea + 50% N by FM, 25% N by Urea + 75% N by FM, 0% N by Urea + 100% N by FM arranged in a triplicate randomized complete block design having recommended N rate of 150 kg ha–1. The results revealed that the treatment having 75% Urea and 25% FM followed by 50% Urea and 50% FM showed better results in term of wheat growth and yield. There was 98% increase in N uptake of wheat grains and 200% increase in NUE by the application of 75% urea+25% FM relative to sole application of urea. This study suggests use of 3:1 ratio of urea and FM for maximum NUE and sustainable wheat production.

ACS Style

Abdur Rehim; Maryam Khan; Muhammad Imran; Muhammad Amjad Bashir; Sami Ul-Allah; Muhammad Naeem Khan; Mubshar Hussain. Integrated use of farm manure and synthetic nitrogen fertilizer improves nitrogen use efficiency, yield and grain quality in wheat. Italian Journal of Agronomy 2020, 15, 29 -34.

AMA Style

Abdur Rehim, Maryam Khan, Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Amjad Bashir, Sami Ul-Allah, Muhammad Naeem Khan, Mubshar Hussain. Integrated use of farm manure and synthetic nitrogen fertilizer improves nitrogen use efficiency, yield and grain quality in wheat. Italian Journal of Agronomy. 2020; 15 (1):29-34.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdur Rehim; Maryam Khan; Muhammad Imran; Muhammad Amjad Bashir; Sami Ul-Allah; Muhammad Naeem Khan; Mubshar Hussain. 2020. "Integrated use of farm manure and synthetic nitrogen fertilizer improves nitrogen use efficiency, yield and grain quality in wheat." Italian Journal of Agronomy 15, no. 1: 29-34.

Articles
Published: 21 February 2020 in Journal of Plant Nutrition
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This study was designed to investigate the effect of biochar on maize production and nutrient retention with recommended full and half dose of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) nutrition in loamy soil. In the first study, maize was grown in pots with four levels of biochar (0, 2, 4, and 6 t ha−1) under two levels of NP fertilizer, viz. recommended (200–150 kg NP ha−1) and it’s half (100–75 kg NP ha−1) dose. The prominent improvement in plant roots traits, leaf area, plant growth, morphological and yield-related parameters were observed with addition of biochar at 2 and 4 t ha−1; while, plant height, number of grains per cob, grains and biological yield decreased with biochar addition 6 t ha−1 along with full dose of NP nutrition. In subsequent field studies, two levels of biochar along with control (0, 2, 4 t ha−1) were investigated. The more improvement in root growth, leaf area and crop growth was observed when biochar was applied at 2 t ha−1 with full NP nutrition. Biochar application at 2 t ha−1 with full NP nutrition produced the highest grain yield (6.64 t ha−1); however, biochar addition (2 t ha−1) with half NP nutrition resulted in better grain yield than full dose of NP to enhance maize production as compared with full dose of NP without biochar. Therefore, biochar addition (2 t ha−1) with half-recommended dose of NP prominently improved the maize productivity in loamy soil and serve as better in replacement of full dose of NP fertilizer.

ACS Style

Waqas Ahmad Minhas; Mubshar Hussain; Noman Mehboob; Ahmad Nawaz; Sami Ul-Allah; Muhammad Shahid Rizwan; Zeshan Hassan. Synergetic use of biochar and synthetic nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers to improves maize productivity and nutrient retention in loamy soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition 2020, 43, 1356 -1368.

AMA Style

Waqas Ahmad Minhas, Mubshar Hussain, Noman Mehboob, Ahmad Nawaz, Sami Ul-Allah, Muhammad Shahid Rizwan, Zeshan Hassan. Synergetic use of biochar and synthetic nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers to improves maize productivity and nutrient retention in loamy soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 2020; 43 (9):1356-1368.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Waqas Ahmad Minhas; Mubshar Hussain; Noman Mehboob; Ahmad Nawaz; Sami Ul-Allah; Muhammad Shahid Rizwan; Zeshan Hassan. 2020. "Synergetic use of biochar and synthetic nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers to improves maize productivity and nutrient retention in loamy soil." Journal of Plant Nutrition 43, no. 9: 1356-1368.

Comparative study
Published: 24 January 2020 in PLOS ONE
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Precise choice of potassium (K) source and application method does matter for its cost-effectiveness. This study was aimed to evaluate the best source and method of K fertilizer application to improve cotton productivity and profitability under an arid climate. Three different K sources (KNO3, K2SO4 and KCl) were applied at 100 kg ha-1 by four methods, i.e. a) basal application, b) side dressing, c) fertigation and d) foliar application of 2% K2SO4. The highest productivity and profitability were recorded with K2SO4 applied as foliar application. Total boll weight per plant was similar in foliar applied K2SO4 and basal application of KNO3. Better boll opening in foliar applied K2SO4, perhaps, played decisive role for increased seed-cotton yield. For basal application and side dressing, KNO3 produced the highest seed-cotton yield, but the benefit cost ratio was better for foliar applied K2SO4. In crux, foliar application of K2SO4 might be opted to improve the seed cotton yield, fiber quality and net returns under the arid climate. However, soil K application through K2SO4 and/or KNO3 is essential to balance the K removal from soil.

ACS Style

Mubshar Hussain; Ahmad Faizan Tariq; Ahmad Nawaz; Muhammad Nawaz; Abdul Sattar; Sami Ul-Allah; Abdul Wakeel. Efficacy of fertilizing method for different potash sources in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) nutrition under arid climatic conditions. PLOS ONE 2020, 15, e0228335 .

AMA Style

Mubshar Hussain, Ahmad Faizan Tariq, Ahmad Nawaz, Muhammad Nawaz, Abdul Sattar, Sami Ul-Allah, Abdul Wakeel. Efficacy of fertilizing method for different potash sources in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) nutrition under arid climatic conditions. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15 (1):e0228335.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mubshar Hussain; Ahmad Faizan Tariq; Ahmad Nawaz; Muhammad Nawaz; Abdul Sattar; Sami Ul-Allah; Abdul Wakeel. 2020. "Efficacy of fertilizing method for different potash sources in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) nutrition under arid climatic conditions." PLOS ONE 15, no. 1: e0228335.

Journal article
Published: 07 January 2020 in Plants
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Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important component of global food security but its production is threatened by abiotic stresses in climate change scenarios, especially drought stress. Many multinational companies have introduced maize hybrids worldwide which have variable performance under diverse environmental conditions. The maize production is likely to be affected by a future water crisis. Potassium (K) is a well-known macronutrient which improves the performance of cereals under abiotic stresses. In this field experiment, we assessed the influence of soil applied K on the productivity of diverse maize hybrids grown under well-watered and drought stress conditions. The study consisted of three K levels viz., control (no KCl), KCl at 50 kg ha−1, and KCI at 75 kg ha−1 factorally combined with two irrigation levels (i.e., normal recommended irrigation, well-watered condition, and half of the recommended irrigation, drought stress condition) and eight maize hybrids. Irrigation was kept in main plots, potassium in subplot, and maize hybrids in sub-subplots. The results revealed that performance of the maize hybrids was significantly influenced by all three factors, and the interaction of irrigation with potassium and irrigation with hybrids was significant; results being non-significant for all other interactions. Potassium application improved yield traits and water productivity under both normal and water stress conditions but effect was more prominent under water stress conditions than normal conditions. Potassium application also alleviated drought susceptibility of all maize hybrids. In all cases, the performance of maize hybrids was maximum under potassium application at 75 kg ha−1.

ACS Style

Sami Ul-Allah; Muhammad Ijaz; Ahmad Nawaz; Abdul Sattar; Ahmad Sher; Muhammad Naeem; Umbreen Shahzad; Umar Farooq; Farukh Nawaz; Khalid Mahmood. Potassium Application Improves Grain Yield and Alleviates Drought Susceptibility in Diverse Maize Hybrids. Plants 2020, 9, 75 .

AMA Style

Sami Ul-Allah, Muhammad Ijaz, Ahmad Nawaz, Abdul Sattar, Ahmad Sher, Muhammad Naeem, Umbreen Shahzad, Umar Farooq, Farukh Nawaz, Khalid Mahmood. Potassium Application Improves Grain Yield and Alleviates Drought Susceptibility in Diverse Maize Hybrids. Plants. 2020; 9 (1):75.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sami Ul-Allah; Muhammad Ijaz; Ahmad Nawaz; Abdul Sattar; Ahmad Sher; Muhammad Naeem; Umbreen Shahzad; Umar Farooq; Farukh Nawaz; Khalid Mahmood. 2020. "Potassium Application Improves Grain Yield and Alleviates Drought Susceptibility in Diverse Maize Hybrids." Plants 9, no. 1: 75.

Articles
Published: 17 December 2019 in Journal of Plant Nutrition
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Excessive and unwise use of synthetic fertilizers is a threat to the soil, aerial and human health. In this scenario, eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic fertilizers for maximizing peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) production under arid regions are necessary. Use of biochar and the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) along with reduce doses of synthetic fertilizers has emerged as an eco-friendly way of reducing the dose of synthetic fertilizers for crop production. In this 2-year study, we evaluated the role of PGPRs and biochar with reduce doses of synthetic fertilizers on peanut productivity on a sandy loam soil under an arid climate. The experiment comprised of eight experimental treatments viz. (i) control, (ii) recommended dose of synthetic fertilizer (32-80-32 NPK kg ha−1), (iii) plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR; SR-5), (iv) biochar (10 t ha−1), (v) PGPR + half dose of synthetic fertilizer (i.e., 16-40-16 NPK kg ha−1), (vi) biochar (10 t ha−1) + half dose of synthetic fertilizer, (vii) PGPR + biochar (10 tha−1) and (viii) PGPR + biochar (10 t ha−1) + half dose of synthetic fertilizer. The highest pod yield (1.94 Mg ha−1), seed yield (1110 kg ha−1) and oil contents (52.6%) were recorded when biochar was applied in combination with PGPRs with half dose of synthetic fertilizers which was attributed to a greater number of pods per plant and highest seed weight in this treatment. In crux, biochar application along with PGPRs might be a pragmatic option to boost peanut yield in arid regions with reduce doses of NPK.

ACS Style

Muhammad Ijaz; Sonia Perveen; Ahmad Nawaz; Sami Ul-Allah; Abdul Sattar; Ahmad Sher; Saeed Ahmad; Farukh Nawaz; Iqra Rasheed. Eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic fertilizers for maximizing peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) production under arid regions in Punjab, Pakistan. Journal of Plant Nutrition 2019, 43, 762 -772.

AMA Style

Muhammad Ijaz, Sonia Perveen, Ahmad Nawaz, Sami Ul-Allah, Abdul Sattar, Ahmad Sher, Saeed Ahmad, Farukh Nawaz, Iqra Rasheed. Eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic fertilizers for maximizing peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) production under arid regions in Punjab, Pakistan. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 2019; 43 (5):762-772.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Ijaz; Sonia Perveen; Ahmad Nawaz; Sami Ul-Allah; Abdul Sattar; Ahmad Sher; Saeed Ahmad; Farukh Nawaz; Iqra Rasheed. 2019. "Eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic fertilizers for maximizing peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) production under arid regions in Punjab, Pakistan." Journal of Plant Nutrition 43, no. 5: 762-772.

Journal article
Published: 15 December 2019 in Turkish Journal Of Field Crops
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Exploring the genetic variation is the base of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) breeding program since peanut is an important food legumes and oilseed crop of the world, but its breeding is neglected compared to major oilseed crops. A field study was conducted to characterize the genetic variation and correlation among important yield and quality related traits of peanut under arid climate conditions during two consecutive years 2015 and 2016. Results revealed that a higher genetic diversity is present among the tested genotypes with respect to pod yield, oil contents and fatty acid composition. The highest number of leaves per plant, pods per plant, seed weight, pod yield, oil contents and palmitic acid were recorded in genotype ‘BARI-2011’ as compared with the other peanut genotypes. However, 100-seed weight was the maximum in genotype ‘Golden’. Among the years, the morphological, yield parameters, oil contents and palmitic acid was the higher in second year than those of the first year of experimentation. In conclusion, the high genetic variability has been found among the peanut germplasms may contribute to develop a high yielding variety with good seed quality.

ACS Style

Ahmad Sher; Muhammad Kashif; Abdul Sattar; Abdul Qayyum; Sami Ul-Allah; Ahmad Nawaz; Abdul Manaf. CHARACTERIZATION OF PEANUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) GERMPLASM FOR MORPHOLOGICAL AND QUALITY TRAITS IN AN ARID ENVIRONMENT. Turkish Journal Of Field Crops 2019, 24, 12 -17.

AMA Style

Ahmad Sher, Muhammad Kashif, Abdul Sattar, Abdul Qayyum, Sami Ul-Allah, Ahmad Nawaz, Abdul Manaf. CHARACTERIZATION OF PEANUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) GERMPLASM FOR MORPHOLOGICAL AND QUALITY TRAITS IN AN ARID ENVIRONMENT. Turkish Journal Of Field Crops. 2019; 24 (2):12-17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmad Sher; Muhammad Kashif; Abdul Sattar; Abdul Qayyum; Sami Ul-Allah; Ahmad Nawaz; Abdul Manaf. 2019. "CHARACTERIZATION OF PEANUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) GERMPLASM FOR MORPHOLOGICAL AND QUALITY TRAITS IN AN ARID ENVIRONMENT." Turkish Journal Of Field Crops 24, no. 2: 12-17.

Chapter
Published: 28 November 2019 in Agronomic Crops
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Millet is grown in tropical and subtropical climates owing to its low water requirement compared with other cereals. There are four main species of millet grown in the world known as (i) pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.], (ii) proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), (iii) finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.], and (iv) the foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauvois]. About half of the world’s millet production comes from pearl millet which is the most widely cultivated millet type with respect to area and production, thus ensuring food security in Asia and Africa – two big continents of the world. In Asia, proso millet is consumed as food crop and also for bird feeding purposes in the developed countries. The foxtail millet is grown in Europe and Asia (mainly China). Some other known millet genotypes include the teff millet (Eragrostis tef (Zuccagni) Trotter); the fonios [white (Digitaria exilis Stapf) and black (Digitaria iburua Stapf)]; barnyard millet, i.e., Echinochloa esculenta (A. Braun) H. Scholzand and Echinochloa frumentacea L.; the kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.); and little millet (Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roem. & Schult.) which are locally grown in specific countries for food purposes. Thus, millet production ensures food security in the low income developing countries of Asia and Africa.

ACS Style

Ahmad Sher; Ahmad Nawaz; Muhammad Sarfraz; Muhammad Ijaz; Sami Ul-Allah; Abdul Sattar; Sajid Hussain; Shakeel Ahmad. Advanced Production Technologies of Millets. Agronomic Crops 2019, 273 -296.

AMA Style

Ahmad Sher, Ahmad Nawaz, Muhammad Sarfraz, Muhammad Ijaz, Sami Ul-Allah, Abdul Sattar, Sajid Hussain, Shakeel Ahmad. Advanced Production Technologies of Millets. Agronomic Crops. 2019; ():273-296.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmad Sher; Ahmad Nawaz; Muhammad Sarfraz; Muhammad Ijaz; Sami Ul-Allah; Abdul Sattar; Sajid Hussain; Shakeel Ahmad. 2019. "Advanced Production Technologies of Millets." Agronomic Crops , no. : 273-296.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2019 in Cereal Research Communications
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ACS Style

A. Sattar; M.A. Cheema; A. Sher; T. Abbas; M. Ijaz; S. Ul-Allah; M. Butt; A. Qayyum; M. Hussain. Exogenously Applied Trinexapac-ethyl Improves Photosynthetic Pigments, Water Relations, Osmoregulation and Antioxidants Defense Mechanism in Wheat under Salt Stress. Cereal Research Communications 2019, 47, 430 -441.

AMA Style

A. Sattar, M.A. Cheema, A. Sher, T. Abbas, M. Ijaz, S. Ul-Allah, M. Butt, A. Qayyum, M. Hussain. Exogenously Applied Trinexapac-ethyl Improves Photosynthetic Pigments, Water Relations, Osmoregulation and Antioxidants Defense Mechanism in Wheat under Salt Stress. Cereal Research Communications. 2019; 47 (3):430-441.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Sattar; M.A. Cheema; A. Sher; T. Abbas; M. Ijaz; S. Ul-Allah; M. Butt; A. Qayyum; M. Hussain. 2019. "Exogenously Applied Trinexapac-ethyl Improves Photosynthetic Pigments, Water Relations, Osmoregulation and Antioxidants Defense Mechanism in Wheat under Salt Stress." Cereal Research Communications 47, no. 3: 430-441.

Website
Published: 02 August 2019 in Cotton Production
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Cotton plant has been domesticated in tropical and sub‐tropical climates of the world but severe climate is not suitable for good lint yields. Globally, cotton is grown on an area of more than 30 million hectare and possesses a global production of more than 70 million tons of seed cotton. The average yield of seed cotton in the world is more than 2000 kg/ha and the largest cotton producer in the world (China) is getting an average yield that is double to the world average. China, India, the United States, and Pakistan are the largest seed cotton producers in the world. Cotton crop possesses an inevitable role in the global industries, economy, and culture. In this chapter, the history and evolution of the cotton, the global production trends of cotton, uses, and the role of biotechnology in improving cotton production have been discussed.

ACS Style

Khawar Jabran; Sami Ul-Allah; Bhagirath Singh Chauhan; Allah Bakhsh. An Introduction to Global Production Trends and Uses, History and Evolution, and Genetic and Biotechnological Improvements in Cotton. Cotton Production 2019, 1 -22.

AMA Style

Khawar Jabran, Sami Ul-Allah, Bhagirath Singh Chauhan, Allah Bakhsh. An Introduction to Global Production Trends and Uses, History and Evolution, and Genetic and Biotechnological Improvements in Cotton. Cotton Production. 2019; ():1-22.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khawar Jabran; Sami Ul-Allah; Bhagirath Singh Chauhan; Allah Bakhsh. 2019. "An Introduction to Global Production Trends and Uses, History and Evolution, and Genetic and Biotechnological Improvements in Cotton." Cotton Production , no. : 1-22.