The visual quality of architectural heritage is crucial to the preservation of architectural features, enhancement of the environmental quality, and conservation of the sustainable development and adaptive use of architectural heritage. Few studies have explored the visual behavior characteristics of rural architectural heritage and which elements influence visual perception. Our study used eye-tracking technology to explore this issue. The results indicate that participants have different visual behavior characteristics for architectural heritage in different scenarios, with five eye movement metrics showing statistical differences. Featured elements attracted more visual attention. The visual behavior characteristics were related to the area, relative area, distance from center, and perimeter. Based on the results, decision-makers can target the sustainable and virtuous development of architectural heritage and enhance environmental quality.

The restorative quality of healthcare environment is of vital significance for patients’ mental well-being, which would influence their overall recovery through an psychology-physiology interaction. However, there were few applicable methods to assess such quality. This study was therefore conducted to develop the Hospital Indoor Restoration Scale (HIRS) for the user-centered environmental evaluation. To achieve this, a literature review was made to screen out items of the scale, which was tested with surveys among patients, and further modified through statistical analyses. The result shows that the restorative quality of hospitals’ indoor environment could be evaluated by the 16-item scale of three dimensions, namely Vitality, Reassurance, and Support. The model could explain 73.61% of the variance, and the Confirmatory Data Analysis shows that it fits the hypothesis well and has good validity (χ²/df = 3.20, GFI = 0.91, CFI = 0.95); The Cronbach α ≥0.88, indicating good reliability of the scale. The study has completed the theoretical construction of hospitals’ indoor restoration and offered a guidance for related architects, managers and policy makers to make evaluations and optimization of healthcare environment for patients’ restorative outcome improvement.

Background：Recently, investments in the construction of medical resources have been increasing annually China, and consequently, the allocation of these resources has improved. However, the outbreak of covid-19 in 2020 highlights the problems in the distribution of medical institutions. After the occurrence of public health emergencies, the joint action of different levels of medical and health institutions can bring the role of urban medical and health system into full play. Therefore, after a global public health emergency, the study of medical institution distribution needs to be reconsidered.Methods：With the continuous application and development of GIS (Geographic Information System), the application of GIS in civil planning is relatively mature, and research investigating distribution has been conducted in depth. Based on this foundation, this paper analyzes the factors impacting distribution, such as the transportation system, land use characteristics and personal factors, by a weighted spatial separation model of a representative city in a cold region in China. Results：The data were sorted, edited and visually processed through the constructed geodatabase to perform an analysis of the spatial distributions of the factors impacting the accessibility of medical institutions in the study area. A weighted spatial separation model was built and applied to comprehensively consider several factors affecting accessibility, the accessibility of these medical institutions is significantly impacted when the spatial population distribution is considered as a factor in the weighted spatial separation model.Conclusions：The accessibility of medical institutions in this representative cold city in China was comparatively analyzed in this paper through theoretical research, software computations/simulations and model analysis based on the GIS paradigm. This study will help optimize the layout of medical institutions and improve medical equality.Trial registration: An ethics review and approval for this study was not required according to the local legislation and institutional requirements.

Background: Recently, investments in the construction of medical resources have been increasing annually China, and consequently, the allocation of these resources has improved. However, the outbreak of covid-19 in 2020 highlights the problems in the distribution of medical institutions. After the occurrence of public health emergencies, the joint action of different levels of medical and health institutions can bring the role of urban medical and health system into full play. Therefore, after a global public health emergency, the study of medical institution distribution needs to be reconsidered.Methods: With the continuous application and development of GIS, the application of GIS in civil planning is relatively mature, and research investigating distribution has been conducted in depth. Based on this foundation, this paper analyzes the factors impacting distribution, such as the transportation system, land use characteristics and personal factors, by a weighted spatial separation model of a representative city in a cold region in China.Results: A weighted spatial separation model was built and applied to comprehensively consider several factors affecting accessibility, including the spatial coverage separation, the service areas separation, the road network separation, the population separation and the weather separation. To calculate the accessibility of medical institutions using a weighted spatial separation model, Harbin was chosen as a case study. The accessibility of medical institutions was analyzed.Conclusions: The accessibility of medical institutions in this representative cold city in China was comparatively analyzed in this paper through theoretical research, software computations/simulations and model analysis based on the GIS paradigm. This study will help optimize the layout of medical institutions and improve medical equality.Trial registration: An ethics review and approval for this study was not required according to the local legislation and institutional requirements.

Background：Recently, investments in the construction of medical resources have been increasing annually China, and consequently, the allocation of these resources has improved. However, the outbreak of covid-19 in 2020 highlights the problems in the distribution of medical institutions. After the occurrence of public health emergencies, the joint action of different levels of medical and health institutions can bring the role of urban medical and health system into full play. Therefore, after a global public health emergency, the study of medical institution distribution needs to be reconsidered.Methods：With the continuous application and development of GIS, the application of GIS in civil planning is relatively mature, and research investigating distribution has been conducted in depth. Based on this foundation, this paper analyzes the factors impacting distribution, such as the transportation system, land use characteristics and personal factors, by a weighted spatial separation model of a representative city in a cold region in China. Results：The data were sorted, edited and visually processed through the constructed geodatabase to perform an analysis of the spatial distributions of the factors impacting the accessibility of medical institutions in the study area. A weighted spatial separation model was built and applied to comprehensively consider several factors affecting accessibility, the accessibility of these medical institutions is significantly impacted when the spatial population distribution is considered as a factor in the weighted spatial separation model.Conclusions：The accessibility of medical institutions in this representative cold city in China was comparatively analyzed in this paper through theoretical research, software computations/simulations and model analysis based on the GIS paradigm. This study will help optimize the layout of medical institutions and improve medical equality.Trial registration: An ethics review and approval for this study was not required according to the local legislation and institutional requirements.