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The loss of situational awareness by pilots is one of the harshest risk factors leading to catastrophic accidents. In this paper a situational awareness analysis model based on multiple agents is presented to simulate the human-computer interaction process in the aircraft cockpit. From the perspective of human-in-loop, the integrated model consists of modularized pilot agent model, technical system agent model and environment agent model. Following the structured levels of situational awareness, the pilot's cognitive behaviors are modelled based on Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational (ACT-R) theory and Bayesian network, with the triggering inputs from the visual and auditory sensory channels. Considering the effects of overlapping information from different channels, the formation and evolution mechanism of the pilot's situational awareness is analyzed in a probabilistic inference manner. The tests of input-output characteristics prove that the model can well reflect the distribution and resist the uncertain fluctuation of different cognitive elements. The safety issues based on two simplified real risk scenarios, under the background of the incidents/accidents related with Boeing 737-8 (MAX), were analyzed. The mechanism of accident evolution along with the possible preventive measures were discussed. It is concluded that an early control priority transmission from the technical system to the pilots and the display of direct prompt messages could make a difference in avoiding the serious risk.
Xia Zhang; Youchao Sun; Yanjun Zhang; Siyu Su. Multi-agent modelling and situational awareness analysis of human-computer interaction in the aircraft cockpit: A case study. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 2021, 111, 102355 .
AMA StyleXia Zhang, Youchao Sun, Yanjun Zhang, Siyu Su. Multi-agent modelling and situational awareness analysis of human-computer interaction in the aircraft cockpit: A case study. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory. 2021; 111 ():102355.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXia Zhang; Youchao Sun; Yanjun Zhang; Siyu Su. 2021. "Multi-agent modelling and situational awareness analysis of human-computer interaction in the aircraft cockpit: A case study." Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 111, no. : 102355.
The neutron shielding glass is widely used in nuclear/fusion plants. To improve its temperature resistance and heat insulation, a Gadolinium (Gd)-containing laminate vacuum multiple glass is proposed by using the vacuum insulation method. A 3D finite element model validated by theoretical calculation was developed to analyse the heat transfer path and numerical simulation of the multiple glass was carried out to obtain the temperature distribution and the maximum temperatures of the organic glass in relation to dynamic working temperatures, the sealing agent width, view size, and vacuum thermal conductivity. The results show that the vacuum layer between common glasses can make the work temperature of neutron shielding glass increase. The multiple glass has good heat-shielding performance and it is expected to work in a high-temperature environment. In addition, the vacuum layer between the common glasses and the sealing agent width decay with respect to the view size and vacuum thermal conductivity show an increase in the working temperature of the neutron shielding glass. It was concluded that the order of affecting the temperatures of the organic glass follows the pattern of: view size > vacuum thermal conductivity > sealing agent width.
Shanwen Zhang; Min Kong; Saim Memon; Hong Miao; Yanjun Zhang; Sixing Liu. Thermal Analysis of a New Neutron Shielding Vacuum Multiple Glass. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3083 .
AMA StyleShanwen Zhang, Min Kong, Saim Memon, Hong Miao, Yanjun Zhang, Sixing Liu. Thermal Analysis of a New Neutron Shielding Vacuum Multiple Glass. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (8):3083.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShanwen Zhang; Min Kong; Saim Memon; Hong Miao; Yanjun Zhang; Sixing Liu. 2020. "Thermal Analysis of a New Neutron Shielding Vacuum Multiple Glass." Sustainability 12, no. 8: 3083.
To realize an early warning of unbalanced workload in the aircraft cockpit, it is required to monitor the pilot's real-time workload condition. For the purpose of building the mapping relationship from physiological and flight data to workload, a multi-source data fusion model is proposed based on a fuzzy neural network, mainly structured using a principal components extraction layer, fuzzification layer, fuzzy rules matching layer, and normalization layer. Aiming at the high coupling characteristic variables contributing to workload, principal component analysis reconstructs the feature data by reducing its dimension. Considering the uncertainty for a single variable to reflect overall workload, a fuzzy membership function and fuzzy control rules are defined to abstract the inference process. An error feedforward algorithm based on gradient descent is utilized for parameter learning. Convergence speed and accuracy can be adjusted by controlling the gradient descent rate and error tolerance threshold. Combined with takeoff and initial climbing tasks of a Boeing 737-800 aircraft, crucial performance indicators-including pitch angle, heading, and airspeed-as well as physiological indicators-including electrocardiogram (ECG), respiration, and eye movements-were featured. The mapping relationship between multi-source data and the comprehensive workload level synthesized using the NASA task load index was established. Experimental results revealed that the predicted workload corresponding to different flight phases and difficulty levels showed clear distinctions, thereby proving the validity of data fusion.
Xia Zhang; Youchao Sun; Zhifan Qiu; Junping Bao; Yanjun Zhang. Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Fusion of Multi-Sensor Data for Monitoring a Pilot's Workload Condition. Sensors 2019, 19, 3629 .
AMA StyleXia Zhang, Youchao Sun, Zhifan Qiu, Junping Bao, Yanjun Zhang. Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Fusion of Multi-Sensor Data for Monitoring a Pilot's Workload Condition. Sensors. 2019; 19 (16):3629.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXia Zhang; Youchao Sun; Zhifan Qiu; Junping Bao; Yanjun Zhang. 2019. "Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Fusion of Multi-Sensor Data for Monitoring a Pilot's Workload Condition." Sensors 19, no. 16: 3629.
To improve the solar energy utilization in the photovoltaic power, the sun ray double axis tracking device is designed and its tracking method is introduced. Using the finite element method, the parameterized analysis model is built and the static calculation is performed in different conditions for the device. The design feasibility of the device is verified by evaluating the stress. The lightweight of the device is made on the premise that the design satisfies the intensity and this provides the basis for manufacturing the prototype. The sun's rays tracing experiment is carried out by the prototype. Results show that the device design is reasonable and meets the design requirements; the key working conditions for the solar tracking design are found; the lightweight is obvious and the weight is reduced by 14%; the average errors of azimuth angle and height angle are within 5 deg; compared with the fixed device, the increasing proportion of solar energy one day is up to 52.6%; and the device works steadily and has good mechanical properties.
Shanwen Zhang; Chong Li; Jianfeng Zhang; Hong Miao; Yanjun Zhang. Design and Structural Analysis of the Sun Ray Double Axis Tracking Device. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 2019, 141, 041001 .
AMA StyleShanwen Zhang, Chong Li, Jianfeng Zhang, Hong Miao, Yanjun Zhang. Design and Structural Analysis of the Sun Ray Double Axis Tracking Device. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering. 2019; 141 (4):041001.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShanwen Zhang; Chong Li; Jianfeng Zhang; Hong Miao; Yanjun Zhang. 2019. "Design and Structural Analysis of the Sun Ray Double Axis Tracking Device." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 141, no. 4: 041001.
Vehicular full-windshield head-up display has the characteristics of high information capacity and diversity of display modes. Reasonable information presented by head-up display will help drivers enhance situation awareness level and improve driving safety, otherwise it would lead to distraction, high cognitive load and high safety risk. Full-windshield head-up display simulation platform is needed for supporting data collection of physiological and psychological parameters of drivers in the process of the simulated driving of ergonomic experiment to analysis the effects information and display mode of full-windshield head-up display on drivers. In this work, full-windshield head-up display simulator for ergonomics design is developed based on virtual reality and driving simulation technologies. The full-windshield head-up display simulation module, driving operation module, virtual driving environment module, data collection and analysis module are designed and integrated, which achieved display simulation and rapid interface reconfiguration in different driving scenarios and provided important supports on the analysis of the effect of full-windshield head-up display on the cognition and behaviors of drivers.
Yanjun Zhang; Zhufeng Li; Youchao Sun; Qun Liu; Wei Tan. Development of Full-windshield Head-up Display Simulator for Ergonomics Design. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 2018, 534 -543.
AMA StyleYanjun Zhang, Zhufeng Li, Youchao Sun, Qun Liu, Wei Tan. Development of Full-windshield Head-up Display Simulator for Ergonomics Design. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 2018; ():534-543.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYanjun Zhang; Zhufeng Li; Youchao Sun; Qun Liu; Wei Tan. 2018. "Development of Full-windshield Head-up Display Simulator for Ergonomics Design." Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing , no. : 534-543.
In thermal spraying processes, kinematic parameters of the robot play a decisive role in the coating thickness and profile. In this regard, some achievements have been made to optimize the spray trajectory on flat surfaces. However, few reports have focused on nonholonomic or variable-curvature cylindrical surfaces. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between the coating profile, coating thickness, and scanning step, which is determined by the radius of curvature and scanning angle. A mathematical simulation model was developed to predict the thickness of thermally sprayed coatings. Experiments were performed on cylinders with different radiuses of curvature to evaluate the predictive ability of the model.
Zhang Yanjun; Li Wenbo; Li Dayu; Xiao Jinkun; Zhang Chao. Modeling of Thickness and Profile Uniformity of Thermally Sprayed Coatings Deposited on Cylinders. Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 2017, 27, 288 -295.
AMA StyleZhang Yanjun, Li Wenbo, Li Dayu, Xiao Jinkun, Zhang Chao. Modeling of Thickness and Profile Uniformity of Thermally Sprayed Coatings Deposited on Cylinders. Journal of Thermal Spray Technology. 2017; 27 (3):288-295.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang Yanjun; Li Wenbo; Li Dayu; Xiao Jinkun; Zhang Chao. 2017. "Modeling of Thickness and Profile Uniformity of Thermally Sprayed Coatings Deposited on Cylinders." Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 27, no. 3: 288-295.
Fuel tank system ignition source failure threatens the safety of the aircraft. For different possible ignition sources in and around the fuel tank system and their airworthiness requirements, this paper proposes a particular method using both Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) to analyze the ignition source fail-safe features, which can minimize the hazards caused by the ignition sources failure and improve the safety of the whole aircraft. At last, an example is given, which proves the efficiency of the method.
Zhang Yanjun; Sun Youchao; Wang FengChan; Zeng Haijun. Method of Aircraft Fuel Tank System Ignition Source Fail-Safe Feature Analysis. Procedia Engineering 2011, 17, 638 -644.
AMA StyleZhang Yanjun, Sun Youchao, Wang FengChan, Zeng Haijun. Method of Aircraft Fuel Tank System Ignition Source Fail-Safe Feature Analysis. Procedia Engineering. 2011; 17 ():638-644.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang Yanjun; Sun Youchao; Wang FengChan; Zeng Haijun. 2011. "Method of Aircraft Fuel Tank System Ignition Source Fail-Safe Feature Analysis." Procedia Engineering 17, no. : 638-644.