A novel immersed boundary lattice Boltzmann method (IB-LBM) is proposed to simulate the complex thermal particle flows. In the present scheme, the boundary condition is directly implemented by correcting the distribution function at the neighboring points around the interface, similar to the original LBM. Furthermore, an adjustment parameter is introduced for ensuring the accuracy in the boundary treatment. Those two improvements both facilitate the alleviation of computational load, for evaluation and incorporation of the boundary force and the iterative procedure involved in the previous methods. Three simulations of complex thermal flows with moving boundary, including the mixed convection in a cavity containing a rotating cylinder, the sedimentation of a cold particle in a hot fluid and the drafting-kissing-tumbling dynamics of two hot settling particles in a vertical channel are performed to validate the present IB-LBM for. The results are found to have good agreement with those available in the literature.

A novel Ni@hollow silicate zirconia (Ni@HSZ) is prepared via a hydrothermal approach to re-use the SiO₂ in Ni@SiO₂@ZrO₂ with TBAOH as an etchant and template.