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Prof. Eiji Nishihara
Laboratory of Arid Crop Production, Department of Life and Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan

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0 Allelopathy
0 soil sickness
0 allelochemical
0 Unbalanced soil mineral nutrients
0 Crop defense

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Journal article
Published: 18 April 2020 in Rhizosphere
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Activated carbon (AC) is a known adsorbent for organic compounds including root exudates but could have an influence on crop yield and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A 2-year pot experiment was conducted to assess the effect of AC on GHG emissions, seed yield, soil chemical properties and isoflavone content of soybean genotypes with varying nodulation capacities under sandy soil conditions. We also evaluated the nodulation and seed protein content after harvest. The soybean genotypes were TnVRSN4, Tachinagaha and TnVRNN4 with high, normal and low nodulation capacities respectively. AC was applied at rates equivalent to 0, 2.4, 4.8, and 9.6 t ha−1 in combination with inorganic fertilizers. The results showed that AC tended to reduce soil N2O emissions in the high nodulating genotype due to the significant reduction in nodulation but did not significantly affect CO2 and CH4 emissions. Highest CO2 emissions and seed yield were observed in the high nodulating genotype and lowest in the low nodulating genotype. AC did not significantly affect seed yield of the high nodulating genotype but significantly reduced seed yield of the low and normal nodulation genotypes in 2017 and 2018 respectively. Although AC generally increased soil total N, total C and C/N ratio, its effect on soil pH, available P and exchangeable cations significantly varied with the soybean genotype. AC did not significantly affect root isoflavone, seed protein and total isoflavone content but significantly reduced the concentration of daidzein and daidzin which were exuded from soybean roots in soil. The high nodulating genotype can perform better in sandy soils with a low nutrient status but further studies using pyrogenic carbonaceous soil amendments are needed to evaluate and compare the three genotypes in terms of productivity and GHG emissions under field conditions, as well as assessing the feasible chemical N fertilizer application rates for the low nodulating genotype.

ACS Style

Daniel Basalirwa; Shigeto Sudo; Cosmas Wacal; Caroline Namirembe; Daisuke Sasagawa; Sadahiro Yamamoto; Tsugiyuki Masunaga; Eiji Nishihara. Effect of activated carbon on greenhouse gas emissions, seed yield, soil chemical properties and isoflavone content of soybean genotypes with varying nodulation capacities under sandy soil conditions. Rhizosphere 2020, 14, 100202 .

AMA Style

Daniel Basalirwa, Shigeto Sudo, Cosmas Wacal, Caroline Namirembe, Daisuke Sasagawa, Sadahiro Yamamoto, Tsugiyuki Masunaga, Eiji Nishihara. Effect of activated carbon on greenhouse gas emissions, seed yield, soil chemical properties and isoflavone content of soybean genotypes with varying nodulation capacities under sandy soil conditions. Rhizosphere. 2020; 14 ():100202.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Basalirwa; Shigeto Sudo; Cosmas Wacal; Caroline Namirembe; Daisuke Sasagawa; Sadahiro Yamamoto; Tsugiyuki Masunaga; Eiji Nishihara. 2020. "Effect of activated carbon on greenhouse gas emissions, seed yield, soil chemical properties and isoflavone content of soybean genotypes with varying nodulation capacities under sandy soil conditions." Rhizosphere 14, no. : 100202.

Journal article
Published: 21 February 2020 in Plants
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Coffee plants are seasonally exposed to low chilling temperatures in many coffee-producing regions. In this study, we investigated the ameliorative effects of kinetin—a cytokinin elicitor compound on the nonenzymatic antioxidants and the photosynthetic physiology of young coffee plants subjected to cold stress conditions. Although net CO2 assimilation rates were not significantly affected amongst the treatments, the subjection of coffee plants to cold stress conditions caused low gas exchanges and photosynthetic efficiency, which was accompanied by membrane disintegration and the breakdown of chlorophyll pigments. Kinetin treatment, on the other hand, maintained a higher intercellular-to-ambient CO2 concentration ratio with concomitant improvement in stomatal conductance and mesophyll efficiency. Moreover, the leaves of kinetin-treated plants maintained slightly higher photochemical quenching (qP) and open photosystem II centers (qL), which was accompanied by higher electron transfer rates (ETRs) compared to their non-treated counterparts under cold stress conditions. The exogenous foliar application of kinetin also stimulated the metabolism of caffeine, trigonelline, 5-caffeoylquinic acid, mangiferin, anthocyanins and total phenolic content. The contents of these nonenzymatic antioxidants were highest under cold stress conditions in kinetin-treated plants than during optimal conditions. Our results further indicated that the exogenous application of kinetin increased the total radical scavenging capacity of coffee plants. Therefore, the exogenous application of kinetin has the potential to reinforce antioxidant capacity, as well as modulate the decline in photosynthetic productivity resulting in improved tolerance under cold stress conditions.

ACS Style

Robert Acidri; Yumiko Sawai; Yuko Sugimoto; Takuo Handa; Daisuke Sasagawa; Tsugiyaki Masunaga; Sadahiro Yamamoto; Eiji Nishihara. Exogenous Kinetin Promotes the Nonenzymatic Antioxidant System and Photosynthetic Activity of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Plants Under Cold Stress Conditions. Plants 2020, 9, 281 .

AMA Style

Robert Acidri, Yumiko Sawai, Yuko Sugimoto, Takuo Handa, Daisuke Sasagawa, Tsugiyaki Masunaga, Sadahiro Yamamoto, Eiji Nishihara. Exogenous Kinetin Promotes the Nonenzymatic Antioxidant System and Photosynthetic Activity of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Plants Under Cold Stress Conditions. Plants. 2020; 9 (2):281.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Robert Acidri; Yumiko Sawai; Yuko Sugimoto; Takuo Handa; Daisuke Sasagawa; Tsugiyaki Masunaga; Sadahiro Yamamoto; Eiji Nishihara. 2020. "Exogenous Kinetin Promotes the Nonenzymatic Antioxidant System and Photosynthetic Activity of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Plants Under Cold Stress Conditions." Plants 9, no. 2: 281.

Journal article
Published: 22 January 2020 in Antioxidants
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The current study investigates the phytochemical composition of coffee plant organs and their corresponding antioxidant capacities compared to green and roasted coffee beans. HPLC analysis indicated that the investigated compounds were present in all organs except mangiferin, which was absent in roots, stems and seeds, and caffeine, which was absent in stems and roots. Total phytochemicals were highest in the green beans (GB) at 9.70 mg g−1 dry weight (DW), while roasting caused a 66% decline in the roasted beans (RB). This decline resulted more from 5–CQA and sucrose decomposition by 68% and 97%, respectively, while caffeine and trigonelline were not significantly thermally affected. Roasting increased the total phenolic content (TPC) by 20.8% which was associated with an increase of 68.8%, 47.5% and 13.4% in the antioxidant capacity (TEAC) determined by 2,2–diphenyl–1–picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2,2–azino bis (3–ethyl benzothiazoline–6–sulphonic acid) radical (ABTS) and Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, respectively. Amongst the leaves, the youngest (L1) contained the highest content at 8.23 mg g−1 DW, which gradually reduced with leaf age to 5.57 mg g−1 DW in the oldest (L6). Leaves also contained the highest TPC (over 60 mg g−1 GAE) and exhibited high TEAC, the latter being highest in L1 at 328.0, 345.7 and 1097.4, and least in L6 at 304.6, 294.5 and 755.1 µmol Trolox g−1 sample for the respective assays. Phytochemical accumulation, TPC and TEAC were least in woody stem (WS) at 1.42 mg g−1 DW; 8.7 mg g−1 GAE; 21.9, 24.9 and 110.0 µmol Trolox g−1 sample; while herbaceous stem (HS) contained up to 4.37 mg g−1 DW; 27.8 mg g−1 GAE; 110.9, 124.8 and 469.7 µmol Trolox g−1 sample, respectively. Roots contained up to 1.85 mg g−1 DW, 15.8 mg−1 GAE and TEAC of 36.8, 41.5 and 156.7 µmol Trolox g−1 sample. Amongst the organs, therefore, coffee leaves possessed higher values than roasted beans on the basis of phytochemicals, TPC and TEAC. Leaves also contain carotenoids and chlorophylls pigments with potent health benefits. With appropriate processing methods, a beverage prepared from leaves (coffee leaf tea) could be a rich source of phytochemicals and antioxidants with therapeutic and pharmacological values for human health.

ACS Style

Robert Acidri; Yumiko Sawai; Yuko Sugimoto; Takuo Handa; Daisuke Sasagawa; Tsugiyaki Masunaga; Sadahiro Yamamoto; Eiji Nishihara. Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Coffee Plant Organs Compared to Green and Roasted Coffee Beans. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 93 .

AMA Style

Robert Acidri, Yumiko Sawai, Yuko Sugimoto, Takuo Handa, Daisuke Sasagawa, Tsugiyaki Masunaga, Sadahiro Yamamoto, Eiji Nishihara. Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Coffee Plant Organs Compared to Green and Roasted Coffee Beans. Antioxidants. 2020; 9 (2):93.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Robert Acidri; Yumiko Sawai; Yuko Sugimoto; Takuo Handa; Daisuke Sasagawa; Tsugiyaki Masunaga; Sadahiro Yamamoto; Eiji Nishihara. 2020. "Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Coffee Plant Organs Compared to Green and Roasted Coffee Beans." Antioxidants 9, no. 2: 93.

Fertilizers and soil amendments
Published: 25 December 2019 in Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
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Biochar can reduce N2O emissions and it can be added to the soil once, whereas fertilizers are often applied every cultivation season. The aging of biochar in soil affects its functioning but it is unclear whether palm shell biochar (PSB) could still mitigate N2O emissions even when additional basal N fertilizers are applied 1 year after the initial biochar application. We studied the impact of fresh and aged PSB (0%, 6%, 12%, and 18% w/w of dry soil) on N2O emissions, soil properties, nutrient content and yield of Komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. perviridis) under sandy soil conditions. The aged PSB non-significantly reduced N2O emissions but significantly offset soil acidification, and maintained a high soil nutrient status. Biochar application with fertilizer significantly increased plant tissue K and Ca content but decreased N, P and Mg content compared to the treatments without biochar. At higher application rates, biochar had negative effects on crop yield but as it aged, the negative effects were offset as a result of the similar variation in plant N uptake. Since seasonal N fertilizer application seems to be inevitable in Komatsuna cultivation, addition of biochar could be a possible way of counteracting the effects of excessive fertilizer use. Further research is needed to assess the feasible biochar application rates for Komatsuna fields in various soil types under field conditions.

ACS Style

Daniel Basalirwa; Shigeto Sudo; Cosmas Wacal; Aung Zaw Oo; Daisuke Sasagawa; Sadahiro Yamamoto; Tsugiyuki Masunaga; Eiji Nishihara. Impact of fresh and aged palm shell biochar on N2O emissions, soil properties, nutrient content and yield of Komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. perviridis) under sandy soil conditions. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 2019, 66, 328 -343.

AMA Style

Daniel Basalirwa, Shigeto Sudo, Cosmas Wacal, Aung Zaw Oo, Daisuke Sasagawa, Sadahiro Yamamoto, Tsugiyuki Masunaga, Eiji Nishihara. Impact of fresh and aged palm shell biochar on N2O emissions, soil properties, nutrient content and yield of Komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. perviridis) under sandy soil conditions. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 2019; 66 (2):328-343.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Basalirwa; Shigeto Sudo; Cosmas Wacal; Aung Zaw Oo; Daisuke Sasagawa; Sadahiro Yamamoto; Tsugiyuki Masunaga; Eiji Nishihara. 2019. "Impact of fresh and aged palm shell biochar on N2O emissions, soil properties, nutrient content and yield of Komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. perviridis) under sandy soil conditions." Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 66, no. 2: 328-343.

Journal article
Published: 29 November 2019 in Agronomy
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Growth of sesame is known to be limited by poor K nutrition as a result of imbalance in soil exchangeable cations that cause a competitive ion effect in continuous monocropping from upland fields converted paddy. We hypothesized that balancing soil exchangeable cations will improve the K nutrition and growth of sesame plants. Therefore, the specific objectives of this study were to determine the effect of balancing soil exchangeable cations Ca, Mg, and K of continuously monocropped soils on the growth and cation uptake of sesame seedlings and also identify a suitable source of nutrients for improving K nutrition. A pot experiment was conducted under greenhouse condition in a 3 × 3 factorial design consisting of three levels of balancing treatments i.e. inorganic fertilizer for Ca, Mg, and K, rice husk biochar to increase K content, and the three durations of continuous monocropping soils of one year, two years, and four years from upland fields converted paddy. Balancing soil exchangeable cations was aimed at achieving optimal base saturations (CaO, 75%; MgO, 25%; and K2O, 10%). Results showed that balancing exchangeable cations did not significantly affect growth and cation uptake in the one and two-year soils but significant effect was observed in the four-year soil. Overall, plant height and dry weight increased for the balancing treatments of inorganic fertilizer K and rice husk biochar. Balancing exchangeable cations with biochar was more beneficial than with inorganic fertilizers. The four-year soil’s growth increase was attributed to an increase in K concentration and uptake due to the decrease in the soil Ca/K and Mg/K ratios to that of acceptable levels, which eliminated competitive ion effect as the soil K saturation increased above 5.0%, enhancing sesame growth. Therefore, a balanced soil exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K that eliminates a competitive ion effect will improve sesame growth and K nutrition although future research should focus on ensuring balanced cation rations under field conditions in continuous monocropping.

ACS Style

Cosmas Wacal; Naoki Ogata; Daniel Basalirwa; Daisuke Sasagawa; Tsugiyuki Masunaga; Sadahiro Yamamoto; Eiji Nishihara. Growth and K Nutrition of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Seedlings as Affected by Balancing Soil Exchangeable Cations Ca, Mg, and K of Continuously Monocropped Soil from Upland Fields Converted Paddy. Agronomy 2019, 9, 819 .

AMA Style

Cosmas Wacal, Naoki Ogata, Daniel Basalirwa, Daisuke Sasagawa, Tsugiyuki Masunaga, Sadahiro Yamamoto, Eiji Nishihara. Growth and K Nutrition of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Seedlings as Affected by Balancing Soil Exchangeable Cations Ca, Mg, and K of Continuously Monocropped Soil from Upland Fields Converted Paddy. Agronomy. 2019; 9 (12):819.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cosmas Wacal; Naoki Ogata; Daniel Basalirwa; Daisuke Sasagawa; Tsugiyuki Masunaga; Sadahiro Yamamoto; Eiji Nishihara. 2019. "Growth and K Nutrition of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Seedlings as Affected by Balancing Soil Exchangeable Cations Ca, Mg, and K of Continuously Monocropped Soil from Upland Fields Converted Paddy." Agronomy 9, no. 12: 819.

Journal article
Published: 24 November 2019 in Agronomy
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We evaluated the fatty acid compositions in relation to yield and soil nutrients from four fields A, B, C, and D with continuous monocropping histories of 0–3 years, respectively, in Japan from 2015 to 2016. Results showed that, in both evaluation years, seed yield did not significantly differ among the fields although field A produced the highest mean seed yield and 1000-seed weight. Between fields A and C, 1000-seed weight showed significant differences. The contents of seed-saturated fatty acids lauric and myristic decreased in only fields C and D whereas oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids increased in field D. Only field A produced the highest contents of lauric and myristic acids whereas field D produced the highest contents of linoleic and linolenic acids. The soil total N and exchangeable K contents tended to decrease as exchangeable Mg content significantly increased on the fields with long duration of cropping, fields C and D. Principal component analysis revealed significant positive correlations between soil exchangeable K, and total N contents with 1000-seed weight and lauric acid, as exchangeable Mg content was related with oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. Therefore, the high oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids from field D were mainly attributed to high soil exchangeable Mg content, whereas the high 1000-seed weight, lauric acid and myristic acid were due to the high soil exchangeable K content in field A. Overall, the fatty acid composition quality on the long-duration continuously monocropped fields could show high economic value at the expense of yield under this management practice in continuous monocropping.

ACS Style

Cosmas Wacal; Naoki Ogata; Daniel Basalirwa; Daisuke Sasagawa; Masako Kato; Takuo Handa; Tsugiyuki Masunaga; Sadahiro Yamamoto; Eiji Nishihara; Kato. Fatty Acid Composition of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Seeds in Relation to Yield and Soil Chemical Properties on Continuously Monocropped Upland Fields Converted from Paddy Fields. Agronomy 2019, 9, 801 .

AMA Style

Cosmas Wacal, Naoki Ogata, Daniel Basalirwa, Daisuke Sasagawa, Masako Kato, Takuo Handa, Tsugiyuki Masunaga, Sadahiro Yamamoto, Eiji Nishihara, Kato. Fatty Acid Composition of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Seeds in Relation to Yield and Soil Chemical Properties on Continuously Monocropped Upland Fields Converted from Paddy Fields. Agronomy. 2019; 9 (12):801.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cosmas Wacal; Naoki Ogata; Daniel Basalirwa; Daisuke Sasagawa; Masako Kato; Takuo Handa; Tsugiyuki Masunaga; Sadahiro Yamamoto; Eiji Nishihara; Kato. 2019. "Fatty Acid Composition of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Seeds in Relation to Yield and Soil Chemical Properties on Continuously Monocropped Upland Fields Converted from Paddy Fields." Agronomy 9, no. 12: 801.

Journal article
Published: 21 October 2019 in Soil and Tillage Research
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The impact of broccoli crop residues on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions may vary with post-harvest management. The incorporation of biochar together with broccoli residues could have a GHG mitigation potential in soil. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the combined effect of broccoli crop residues and palm shell biochar (PSB) incorporation on GHG emissions during the fallow (post-harvest) and crop growing seasons of broccoli. We also evaluated the plant biomass, N uptake, and soil chemical properties after harvest. The treatments included; No-residues (NR), Residues (R), Residues + 10 t ha−1 PSB (R10), Residues + 20 t ha−1 PSB (R20) and Residues + 40 t ha−1 PSB (R40), arranged in a completely randomized block design. The fallow season had significantly higher GHG emissions than the crop growing season. Incorporation of crop residues in soil significantly increased N2O and CO2 emissions but did not significantly affect CH4 emissions when compared to those of the NR treatment. PSB amendment did not significantly affect N2O, CO2 and CH4 emissions from crop residues and also the biomass and N uptake of the crop residues remaining after broccoli harvest. The application of PSB at 40 t ha−1 significantly increased the total N, total C, C/N ratio and exchangeable K but did not significantly affect soil pH, EC, available P, exchangeable Ca and Mg, and CEC. The large amounts of N2O and CO2 emissions emitted from broccoli crop residues during the fallow season may necessitate higher biochar application rates to achieve the GHG mitigation potential of biochar while maintaining a high soil nutrient status. The combined incorporation of broccoli crop residues with biochar requires further evaluation in terms of GHG emissions, soil nutrient status and broccoli crop yield in different soil types and tillage systems.

ACS Style

Daniel Basalirwa; Shigeto Sudo; Cosmas Wacal; Fuyumi Akae; Aung Zaw Oo; Sho Koyama; Daisuke Sasagawa; Sadahiro Yamamoto; Tsugiyuki Masunaga; Eiji Nishihara. Assessment of crop residue and palm shell biochar incorporation on greenhouse gas emissions during the fallow and crop growing seasons of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica). Soil and Tillage Research 2019, 196, 104435 .

AMA Style

Daniel Basalirwa, Shigeto Sudo, Cosmas Wacal, Fuyumi Akae, Aung Zaw Oo, Sho Koyama, Daisuke Sasagawa, Sadahiro Yamamoto, Tsugiyuki Masunaga, Eiji Nishihara. Assessment of crop residue and palm shell biochar incorporation on greenhouse gas emissions during the fallow and crop growing seasons of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica). Soil and Tillage Research. 2019; 196 ():104435.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Basalirwa; Shigeto Sudo; Cosmas Wacal; Fuyumi Akae; Aung Zaw Oo; Sho Koyama; Daisuke Sasagawa; Sadahiro Yamamoto; Tsugiyuki Masunaga; Eiji Nishihara. 2019. "Assessment of crop residue and palm shell biochar incorporation on greenhouse gas emissions during the fallow and crop growing seasons of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)." Soil and Tillage Research 196, no. : 104435.

Journal article
Published: 11 April 2019 in Agronomy
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Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important oilseed crop, but is negatively affected by continuous cropping. There is still a lack of information on the effect of continuous cropping on soil chemical properties and mineral nutrition related to sesame growth and yield decline. Therefore, we investigated sesame growth and yield, nutrient concentration and soil chemical properties on five fields with continuous cropping history: non-continuous cropping (Year 0) and durations of two, four, five and six years on an upland field converted paddy in Tottori, Japan. Results show that plant height significantly decreased by 18.76%, 15.22%, and 13.64% in the Year 4, Year 5 and Year 6 fields, respectively, compared to Year 0. The effect of continuous cropping was more pronounced on the 1000-seed weight decline than seed yield. Compared to Year 0, seed yield decreased by 52.86% in Year 2 with no significant differences among the Year 2, Year 4, Year 5 and Year 6 fields, whereas the 1000-seed weight decreased by 6.68% and 12.20% in the Year 2 and Year 5 fields, respectively, compared to Year 0. Plant leaf tissue N concentration significantly decreased in the Year 2, Year 4 and Year 6 fields compared to Year 0, whereas leaf tissue K concentration decreased in the Year 6 field. The increase in duration of continuous cropping years gradually altered soil chemical properties. Soil pH, exchangeable Ca and Mg and cation exchange capacity (CEC) gradually increased in the long duration of continuous cropping, whereas total N and C, exchangeable NH4+-N, urease, dehydrogenase and catalase activities decreased. Our study suggested that the decrease in soil available N and enzyme activities, and decrease in K nutrition due to competitive ion effect as a result of increase in soil Ca and Mg could possibly contribute to the growth and yield decline of continuous sesame on upland field converted paddy.

ACS Style

Cosmas Wacal; Naoki Ogata; Daniel Basalirwa; Daisuke Sasagawa; Tadashi Ishigaki; Takuo Handa; Masako Kato; Moses Makooma Tenywa; Tsugiyuki Masunaga; Sadahiro Yamamoto; Eiji Nishihara. Imbalanced Soil Chemical Properties and Mineral Nutrition in Relation to Growth and Yield Decline of Sesame on Different Continuously Cropped Upland Fields Converted Paddy. Agronomy 2019, 9, 184 .

AMA Style

Cosmas Wacal, Naoki Ogata, Daniel Basalirwa, Daisuke Sasagawa, Tadashi Ishigaki, Takuo Handa, Masako Kato, Moses Makooma Tenywa, Tsugiyuki Masunaga, Sadahiro Yamamoto, Eiji Nishihara. Imbalanced Soil Chemical Properties and Mineral Nutrition in Relation to Growth and Yield Decline of Sesame on Different Continuously Cropped Upland Fields Converted Paddy. Agronomy. 2019; 9 (4):184.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cosmas Wacal; Naoki Ogata; Daniel Basalirwa; Daisuke Sasagawa; Tadashi Ishigaki; Takuo Handa; Masako Kato; Moses Makooma Tenywa; Tsugiyuki Masunaga; Sadahiro Yamamoto; Eiji Nishihara. 2019. "Imbalanced Soil Chemical Properties and Mineral Nutrition in Relation to Growth and Yield Decline of Sesame on Different Continuously Cropped Upland Fields Converted Paddy." Agronomy 9, no. 4: 184.

Journal article
Published: 27 January 2019 in Agronomy
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Sesame is an important oilseed crop cultivated worldwide. However, research has focused on biochar effects on grain crops and vegetable and there is still a scarcity of information of biochar addition on sesame. This study was to assess the effect of biochar addition on sesame performance, with a specific emphasis on growth, yield, leaf nutrient concentration, seed mineral nutrients, and soil physicochemical properties. A field experiment was conducted on an upland field converted from paddy at Tottori Prefecture, Japan. Rice husk biochar was added to sesame cropping at rates of 0 (F), 20 (F+20B), 50 (F+50B) and 100 (F+100B) t ha−1 and combined with NPK fertilization in a first cropping and a second cropping field in 2017. Biochar addition increased plant height, yield and the total number of seeds per plant more in the first cropping than in the second cropping. The F+50B significantly increased seed yield by 35.0% in the first cropping whereas the F+20B non-significantly increased seed yield by 25.1% in the second cropping. At increasing biochar rates, plant K significantly increased while decreasing Mg whereas N and crude protein, P and Ca were non-significantly higher compared to the control. Soil porosity and bulk density improved with biochar addition while pH, exchangeable K, total N, C/N ratio and CEC significantly increased with biochar, but the effect faded in the second cropping. Conversely exchangeable Mg and its plant tissue concentration decreased due to competitive ion effect of high K from the biochar. Biochar addition is effective for increasing nutrient availability especially K for sesame while improving soil physicochemical properties to increase seed yield, growth and seed mineral quality.

ACS Style

Cosmas Wacal; Naoki Ogata; Daniel Basalirwa; Takuo Handa; Daisuke Sasagawa; Robert Acidri; Tadashi Ishigaki; Masako Kato; Tsugiyuki Masunaga; Sadahiro Yamamoto; Eiji Nishihara. Growth, Seed Yield, Mineral Nutrients and Soil Properties of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) as Influenced by Biochar Addition on Upland Field Converted from Paddy. Agronomy 2019, 9, 55 .

AMA Style

Cosmas Wacal, Naoki Ogata, Daniel Basalirwa, Takuo Handa, Daisuke Sasagawa, Robert Acidri, Tadashi Ishigaki, Masako Kato, Tsugiyuki Masunaga, Sadahiro Yamamoto, Eiji Nishihara. Growth, Seed Yield, Mineral Nutrients and Soil Properties of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) as Influenced by Biochar Addition on Upland Field Converted from Paddy. Agronomy. 2019; 9 (2):55.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cosmas Wacal; Naoki Ogata; Daniel Basalirwa; Takuo Handa; Daisuke Sasagawa; Robert Acidri; Tadashi Ishigaki; Masako Kato; Tsugiyuki Masunaga; Sadahiro Yamamoto; Eiji Nishihara. 2019. "Growth, Seed Yield, Mineral Nutrients and Soil Properties of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) as Influenced by Biochar Addition on Upland Field Converted from Paddy." Agronomy 9, no. 2: 55.