This paper presents the importance of a logo as a graphic element to support a corporate identity. A logo is a graphic identity vector and it has its place in a communication strategy of a company. It is about the signature of a company. That is why is very important to be able to create a harmony between colours and shapes concerning the universe of logos. There are two stages: first, the research and market projection and the second, the creative graphic work. These two stages achieve the possibility to make a logo lifting” when is necessary

This paper talks about the implementation of a lot of graphic elements to design such a special structure known as logo. To design a logo is important to have very good knowledge in graphics, the management of colours, geometric shapes, communication etc. A logo has to talk a lot in a few elements. It is not a symbol to describe the business. It is an identify element which reflects the attitudes and values of a company. It is difficult to build only a method to design a logo. There are two levels, first, the research level and, second, the design level. For the first level there are necessary a lot of information concerning the company, the market, the players in this market, the “target-people”. The second one needs graphic elements, colours, images, symbols in an harmonious concept. By knowing these elements (theory and graphics) someone may create interesting logos. Also, we have tried to realize a small part of a logo design book related to a graphic strategy

This study investigates the interplay between infill structure and surface texture in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)-printed polymer specimens and their combined influence on tribological and mechanical performance. Unlike previous works that focus on single-variable analysis, this work offers a comparative evaluation of Shore D hardness and coefficient of friction (COF) for PLA and Iglidur materials, incorporating diverse infill patterns. The results reveal that specific combinations (e.g., grid infill with 90% density) optimize hardness and minimize friction, offering practical insights for design optimization in functional parts. Our aim is to provide design insights for enhanced wear resistance and hardness through tailored structural configurations. Carbon Fiber-reinforced PLA (PLA CF), aramid fiber-reinforced Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate (Kevlar), and Iglidur I180-BL tribofilament. Disc specimens were fabricated with gyroid infill densities ranging from 10% to 100%. Experimental methodologies included Ball-on-Disc tests conducted under dry sliding conditions (5 N normal load, 150 mm/s sliding speed) to assess friction and wear characteristics. These tribological evaluations were complemented by profilometric and microscopic analyses and Shore D hardness testing. The results show that Iglidur I180-BL achieved the lowest friction coefficients (0.141–0.190) and negligible wear, while PLA specimens with 90% infill demonstrated a polishing-type wear with minimal material loss and a friction coefficient (COF) of ~0.108. In contrast, PLA CF and Kevlar exhibited higher wear depths (up to 154 µm for Kevlar) and abrasive mechanisms due to fiber detachment. Shore hardness values increased with infill density, with PLA reaching a maximum of 82.7 Shore D. These findings highlight the critical interplay between infill architecture and surface patterning and offer actionable guidelines for the functional design of durable FDM components in load-bearing or sliding applications.

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most extensively used biodegradable aliphatic polyester produced from renewable resources, such as corn starch. Due to its qualities, PLA is a leading biomaterial for numerous applications in medicine as well as in industry, replacing conventional petrochemical–based polymers. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the fracture behavior of pure PLA specimens in comparison with PLA particle insertions, (copper, aluminum and Graphene), after evaluation the mechanical properties, as well as the influence of filament angle deposition on these properties. In order to check if the filling density of the specimen influences the ultimate tensile stress (UTS), three different filling percentages (60%, 80%, and 100%) have been chosen in the experimental tests. A hierarchy concerning elongation / fiber heights after tensile testing was done. So, the highest elongation values were for simple PLA (about 4.1%), followed by PLA + Al insertion (3.2%–4%), PLA + graphene insertion (2.6%–4%) and the lowest values being for PLA with copper insertion (1.8%–2.7%). Regarding the fiber heights after fracture, the hierarchy was: the highest values was for PLA, then PLA + Al, PLA + grapheme and PLA + Cu. Finally, a correlation between fracture surfaces appearance and mechanical properties were established, being formulated the mechanism of fracture in according with filament angle deposition. Also, it was proposed a new method of evaluation of the fractured surface by measuring the dimensions of the filaments after printing Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and tensile testing.

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most extensively used biodegradable aliphatic polyester produced from renewable resources, such as corn starch. Due to its qualities, PLA is a leading biomaterial for numerous applications in medicine as well as in industry, replacing conventional petrochemical - based polymers. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the mechanical properties, such as tensile stress, of pure PLA specimens in comparison with PLA based-composites, with three different added materials in PLA mass: Copper, Aluminum and Graphene, as well as the influence of filament angle deposition on these properties. In order to check if the the filling density of the specimen influences the ultimate tensile stress (UTS), three different filling percentages (60%, 80% and 100%) have been chosen in the experimental tests. In this context, the mechanical characteristics of four different filament types based on PLA material, starting from pure PLA to PLA with Aluminum, Copper or Graphene filler are compared. Understanding and controlling these parameters is essential for the successful use of PLA and PLA-based composites in different areas such as medical applications, sport equipments and light industry.These tests have been performed due to the fact there is a lack of information concerning the mechanical properties. In the scientific literature, such information is only available for expensive printing systems; for open source printers (as those used in these tests), the information is poor and for some new materials, even inexistant. According to the technical specifications, for an expensive printer the cost may exceed 3000 Euros, with a minimum layer resolution of 100 m, this type of printer can reliably reproduce many 3D objects accurately, in quiter conditions.

This study analyzes the recent scientific literature on advanced biocompatible materials for triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) in biomedical applications. Focusing on materials like synthetic polymers, carbon-based derivatives, and advanced hybrids, the study interprets findings regarding their triboelectric properties and performance influenced by surface texture and additive manufacturing techniques. Major findings reveal that precise control over surface morphology, enabled by additive manufacturing (AM) is promising for optimizing transferred charge density and maximizing TENG efficiency. The analysis highlights the relevance of these material systems and fabrication strategies for developing self-powered wearable and implantable biomedical devices through enabling biocompatible energy-harvesting components that can operate autonomously without external power, underscoring the need for stringent biocompatibility and performance stability. This work synthesizes current progress, identifying critical material and process design parameters for advancing the field of biocompatible TENGs.