Flaxseed, also known as flax or linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.), is one of the oldest crops. It is used for oil and fiber production. The species displays a broad range of biological activities due to its chemical compounds. It has a widespread geographical distribution, and a large number of its varieties have been evaluated for their biological efficacy and nutritional value. This study investigates fifteen varieties of the species, some of which are examined for the first time. In this regard, a series of chemical composition analyses and antioxidant assays were carried out. Accordingly, total phenolic content ranged between 613.6 (Michael) and 3164.6 (Atalanta) mg GAE/g, whilst total flavonoid content varied from 176.25 (BonnyDoon) to 689.20 (Mcduff) mg QE/g. Regarding the radical scavenging assays, the values obtained were significantly higher than those of the standard antioxidant (ascorbic acid). Furthermore, the extracts exhibited chelating activity for ferrous ions and a cupric reducing capacity that was comparable to that of the standard. The oil content values of the varieties ranged from 0.82 g/100 g (Michael) to 2.14 g/100 g (McGregor). The percentage of α-linolenic acid varied between 39.21% (McGregor) and 54.13% (Nareum).

Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is a plant with a wide range of medicinal, health, nutritional, and industrial uses. This study assessed the genetic potential of yellow and brown seeds in thirty F4 families under different water conditions concerning seed yield, oil, protein, fiber, mucilage, and lignans content. Water stress negatively affected seed and oil yield, while it positively affected mucilage, protein, lignans, and fiber content. The total mean comparison showed that under normal moisture conditions, seed yield (209.87 g/m²) and most quality traits, including oil (30.97%), secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (13.89 mg/g), amino acids such as arginine (1.17%) and histidine (1.95%), and mucilage (9.57 g/100 g) were higher in yellow-seeded genotypes than the brown ones ((188.78 g/m²), (30.10%), (11.66 mg/g), (0.62%), (1.87%), and (9.35 g/100 g), respectively). Under water stress conditions, brown-seeded genotypes had a higher amount of fiber (16.74%), seed yield (140.04 g/m²), protein (239.02 mg. g⁻¹), methionine (5.04%), and secondary metabolites such as secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (17.09 mg/g), while their amounts in families with yellow seeds were 14.79%, 117.33 g/m², 217.12 mg. g⁻¹, 4.34%, and 13.98 mg/g, respectively. Based on the intended food goals, different seed color genotypes may be appropriate for cultivation under different moisture environments.

Secondary metabolites, especially essential oils are of the widely used phyto-chemicals for various purposes. In this regard, numerous studies have been reported on profile of these reputed metabolites in medicinal and aromatic plant (MAPs) species. Of the substantial family of the MAPs, Lamiaceae is of the reputed group with a notable number of plant species. Regarding the species of this group, sage (Salvia officinalis) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) are of the well-known and widely-studied species. Herewith the current study, we profiled the essential oil composition in leaves of both species. Accordingly, the analysis revealed that camphene (29.40%), 1,8-cineole (37.26%), camphor (13.48%), borneol (3.69%), trans-caryophyllene (5.42%), and α-thujone (5.78%) were of the predominant compounds identified for S. officinalis, whilst camphene (22.45%), 1, 8-cineole (35.36%), linalool (3.67%), camphor (10.80%), cyclohexane,(1-methylethylidene) (3.09%), α-fenchyl alcohol (3.03), 2-cyclohexen-1-one, 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl) (2.12%), and endo-bornyl acetate (4.50%) were of the principal components in leaves of R. officinalis.The next studies on the relevant species might be focused on the biological activity of the essential oils.

Water stress is one of the most critical threats to the growth and productivity of plants and is one of the most studied topics in agricultural sciences. In order to enhance the tolerance of plants to water stress conditions, synthetic fertilizers have been widely used in the field. However, due to their toxic effects, recent reports have focused on organic options. In this study, the effects of liquid vermicompost applications (25, 50, 75, and 100%) on the agronomic attributes, phenolic compounds, and essential oil compounds of basil plants exposed to drought stress conditions were investigated. Accordingly, water stress critically reduced the factors of plant height, plant fresh weight, root fresh weight, leaf length, and leaf diameter. On the other hand, vermicompost applications significantly affected all of the parameters considered, except the leaf length of well-watered basil plants. However, a two-way ANOVA analysis revealed that the interactions of water stress and vermicompost were significant on root length and root fresh weight. Regarding the essential oil compounds, the contents of humulene, anethol, eucalyptol, estragole, bisabolene, germacrene, and caryophyllene were quantified. Estragole was determined as a major component by 85–90%. The results revealed that the highest estragole content was determined in the 25% vermicompost + water stress, water stress, and control groups. Of the major phenolic compounds, caffeic acid decreased as a result of water stress conditions but increased with vermicompost treatments. The rosmarinic acid content increased during water stress conditions, attaining the highest content at 25% via the vermicompost and water stress interaction. In general, the 25% and 50% vermicompost applications increased the content of phenolic compounds in plants under either well-watered or stress conditions.

Öz: Bu çalışma, Van ili Erçiş ilçesi sınırları içerisinde yer alan Zilan Vadisi’nin makromantar çeşitliliğini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. 2013–2014 yıllarında yapılan arazi çalışmaları ile makrofungus örnekleri toplanmıştır. Arazi ve laboratuvar çalışmaları sonucunda teşhisleri yapılan örneklerin Pezizomycetes ve Agaricomycetes sınıflarına ait 5 ordo ve 24 familya içerisinde dağılım gösteren toplam 96 makrofungus taksonu olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bunların 36’ı yenen, 52 'u yenmeyen ve 8‘u zehirli özelliktedir. Diğer yandan, Gliophorus irrigatus (Pers.) A.M. Ainsw. & P.M. Kirk, Psathyrella pseudovernalis A.H. Sm. ve Tricholoma stiparophyllum (N. Lund) P. Karst türleri Türkiye mikobiyotasına yeni kayıt olarak ilave edilmiştir.