The research aims to develop and to assess alternative conceptions of second year’s Sundanese scholars on light wave with Multitier Open-ended Light Wave Instrument (MOLWI). The research method has been utilized by the 3D+1I model (Defining, Designing, Developing and Implementing). Participants who involved in this research are 26 of second year’s scholars (11 male students, namely “Ujang” and 15 female students, namely “Eneng”, the average age of them are about 17 years of Sundanese-tribe). The MOLWI consist of 15 questions which has been already analysed by Rasch analysis. Students' conceptions have ever been categorized regarding to the six categories, that are; Sound Understanding (SU), Partial Positive (PP), Partial Negative (PN), Misconception (MC), No Understanding (NU), and No Coding (NC). The research results show that the PN category has the highest percentage about 86 percent in the number six. The lowest category is the NC category about four percent in the number of 3, 5, 7 and 13. While Rasch analysis explains the Sundanese-scholars only answer confidently on easy questions and not misconceptions.

This research is based on other forms of diagnostic tests in the format of two-tier test about the concept of Newton’s Laws that the development still not yet well. Therefore, must be done a research to transform two-tier test into the four-tier test that refers to Kaltakci criteria. To achieve the purpose, the researchers used the 4D model (Defining, Designing, Developing, and Disseminating) as a method of research. The participants are 25 students at one of the senior high schools in Bandung. The result is the development of two-tier test format intothe four-tier test formatabout Newton’s Laws concept. At the disseminating, there are obtained the category of students who scientific knowledge, misconceptions, and errors of the Newton’s Laws concepts. The research will be the reference or preliminary research to conduct further research.

Abstrak Miskonsepsi merupakan suatu masalah dalam pembelajaran fisika yang cukup menghantui guru dan siswa serta membuat tujuan pembelajaran tidak tercapai dengan baik. Berdasarkan studi literatur, four-tier test dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi miskonsepsi yang dialami siswa. Meskipun demikian, tes diagnostik dalam bentuk four-tier test belum banyak dikembangkan, salah satunya pada topik Usaha dan Energi. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan pengembangan tes diagnostik dalam format four-tier untuk topik Usaha dan Energi. Penelitian ini menggunakan model 4D (Defining, Designing, Developing, and Disseminating) dalam mencapai tujuan penelitian. Sampel yang digunakan adalah 30 siswa pada salah satu SMA Negeri di Kota Bandung. Penelitian menghasilkan pengembangan tes diagnostik dalam format four-tier pada topik Usaha dan Energi. Dengan adanya pengembangan ini, miskonsepsi pada topik tersebut dapat dengan mudah diidentifikasi oleh guru. Penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai pengembangan awal untuk penelitian selanjutnya. abstrak dalam bahasa Indonesia pada bagian ini. Kata-kata kunci: Four-Tier Test, Usaha dan Energi, Miskonsepsi, model 4D. Abstract Misconception is a problem in physics learning that is quite haunting teachers and students and make learning goals are not achieved properly. Based on the literature study, four-tier tests can be used to identify student’s misconceptions. Nevertheless, diagnostic tests in the form of four-tier tests have not been widely developed, one of them on the topic of Work and Energy. Therefore, it is necessary to develop diagnostic tests in a four-tier format for Work and Energy topics. This research uses 4D model (Defining, Designing, Developing, and Disseminating) in achieving research objectives. The sample used 30 students of Senior High School in Bandung. The research resulted development of diagnostic tests in a four-tier format on Work and Energy topics. Given this development, misconceptions on that topic can be easily identified by the teacher. This research can be used as initial development for further research Keywords: Four-Tier Test, Work dan Energi, Misconception, 4D model

Misconceptions take place in a variety of Physics lesson subjects including the Light and Optics. This study aimed at determining the students’ misconceptions and the effectiveness of Active Learning of Optics and Photonics (ALOP) approach assisted by computer simulation to reduce misconceptions among students on the material of optical instruments. The mixed method was employed in this study using embedded mixed method design. The study was conducted to students of grade XI in one senior high school in Bandung. The participants were divided into two groups: control group and experimental group in which each group consisted of 23 students. A conventional learning was applied in the con-trol group while the experimental class implemented ALOP computer-aided simulation learning. The instrument used to identify students’ misconceptions were Four-Tier Optics and Photonics Test (FTOPT), consisted of 18 items, which was given during the pre-test and post-test. The results showed that misconceptions were disseminated over the concept of eyes, camera, magnifier, mi-croscopes, and telescopes. Additionally, ALOP approach using computer-aided simulations is effective to reduce students’ misconceptions on the material of op-tical instrument.