The aim of this research was compare methods for pigments extraction and color determination in different tomato for processing cultivars, and choose the most promising materials for the industry. The tomatoes for processing studied were of the IT761, H9992, H9553, AP533, Advance, N901, BRSena, U2006, HY26, HY37 and HY68 cultivars. The extraction yields of lycopene and β-carotene using acetone and the mixture of ethanol, acetone and hexane (10:10:20) were determined, and the parameters of color were determined by colorimetric and digitals image methods (Cielab and Hunterlab), besides other physicochemical characteristics. The mixture of solvents is more efficient in the extraction of lycopene and β-carotene than acetone on its own. The methods of assessing the color through image presented higher levels of luminosity and chrome a* and b* than the instrumental method, given that the Hunterlab is closer to the colorimeter method, than Cielab. The analysis through digital images indicates that the procedure is promising, and it can be used as a instrument for analysing tomato colors. Considering that the level of TSS is fundamental to industrial performance, the IT761, BRSena, AP543, and H9992 cultivars stand out, moreover these cultivars have higher levels of lycopene and darker red color.

A cagaiteira é uma planta nativa do Cerrado, adaptada às condições impostas por este bioma, principalmente de sobreviver e produzir em solos muito pobres em nutrientes e em um regime de chuvas com um período acentuado de baixa precipitação. A planta é rústica, ornamental e com alta tolerância ao fogo. Seus frutos são apreciados ao natural e utilizados nos mais diversos tipos de alimentos processados. No entanto, pouco se conhece sobre quanto tempo esta espécie demora a entrar na fase reprodutiva. Este trabalho propõe-se a avaliar o início da produção de frutos de cagaiteiras implantadas na área experimental da Escola de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Goiás-Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil, entre 2003 e 2008, quando as plantas apresentavam de cinco a dez anos de idade. Para a implantação do experimento, foram coletados frutos em dez áreas da região sudeste do Estado de Goiás e plantadas em um desenho de blocos casualizados, com uma planta por parcela, em quatro blocos, em espaçamento de 6,0 m x 6,0 m. As cagaiteiras apresentaram alta desuniformidade para iniciar sua produção. No quinto ano após o plantio, somente 5,2% das plantas entraram em produção e, após dez anos, 55,7% das plantas. Destas plantas, somente 6,8% conseguiram produzir em, pelo menos, quatro anos de observação. Apenas quatro plantas entraram em produção e mantiveram esta nos seis anos de observação. O número de frutos por planta é muito baixo; somente 3,4% das plantas produzem mais de 200 frutos no décimo ano. Existe uma tendência de aumento de número de frutos com a idade da planta.

In order to help the choice and recommendation of cultivars with the greater mechanical resistance of fruits, this research aimed to determine the mechanical resistance and biometric and physicochemical characteristics of tomato cultivars for industrial processing. Eleven processing tomato cultivar fruits cultivar were used (IT761, H9992, H9553, AP533, Advance, N901, BR-Sena, U2006, HY26, HY37 and HY68). Tomatoes firmness was influenced by several factors, including thickness, epidermal cell shape, and internal structures. In general terms, fruits more resistant to compression and puncture presented low longitudinal diameter (55-59 mm), cross-sectional diameter (42-45 mm), scar diameter (5.8-6.6 mm), pericarp thickness (5.9-7.7 mm), fresh weight (56 - 70 g), volume (61-77 cm³) and ash (0.34-0.40 g 100 g^-1), and high moisture content (96.2-96.6 g 100 g^-1), and pectin content (0.39-0.47 mg 100 g^-1). The fruits showing a better mechanical resistance come from AP533, IT761, HY37 and H9992 cultivars, which should be recommended for cultivation in order to reduce losses during harvest, bulk handling and transportation.

Caracterização de frutos e seleção de progênies de cagaiteiras (Eugenia dysenterica DC.)

Pequi is propagated mainly by the seminal pathway (seminal route) and presents an uneven and reduced germination. The increasing demand for fruits and seedlings for reforestation indicate the need for new strategies for the propagation of this species which would minimize the negative impact of predatory extractivism on Caryocar brasiliense. The present study aimed to assist the development of a protocol for the cutting of the pequi tree (pequizeiro). Different ages of the matrix plant and levels of foliation and pruning were assessed through the collection (sampling) of cuttings (stakes) from plants in the field. It was noted that cuttings (stakes) from seedlings (young plants) have greater rooting capacity when compared to cuttings derived from adult plants. Pequi leafless stakes failed to root. In contrast, stakes with 50% of leaflets cut from their original size showed 2.5% of rooting whereas those with 6 leaflets showed 22.5% of rooting. Stakes from pruned apical branches exhibited 21.2% of rooting. Both callogenesis and rooting of pequi stakes demonstrated the potential of this particular species from the Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) for cutting.