The use of statistical models to simulate or to predict stream water temperature is becoming an increasingly important tool in water resources and aquatic habitat management. This article provides an overview of the existing statistical water temperature models. Different models have been developed and used to analyze water temperature-environmental variables relationship. These are grouped into two major categories: deterministic and statistical/stochastic models. Generally, deterministic models require numerous input data (e.g., depth, amount of shading, wind velocity). Hence, they are more appropriate for analyzing different impact scenarios due to anthropogenic effects (e.g., presence of reservoirs, thermal pollution and deforestation). In contrast to the deterministic models, the main advantage of the statistical models is their relative simplicity and relative minimal data requirement. Parametric models such as linear and non-linear regression are popular methods often used for shorter time scales (... Étant donné l'importance de la température dans l'habitat aquatique, et étant donné les impacts humains actuels et potentiels sur le régime thermique des rivières, il s'avère nécessaire de développer des outils de gestion des ressources hydriques. Cet article propose une synthèse bibliographique des différents modèles utilisables pour la simulation ou la prévision de la température de l'eau. De nombreux modèles existent pour prédire la température de l'eau en fonction des conditions environnementales. Ils se regroupent essentiellement en deux grandes catégories: les modèles déterministes et les modèles statistiques/stochastiques. Les modèles déterministes de la température de l'eau nécessitent souvent un grand nombre d'intrants (e.g., couvert végétal, vitesse du vent, profondeur de la rivière) qui ne sont pas toujours disponibles. Alternativement, les modèles statistiques offrent l'avantage de nécessiter moins de données et un temps de développement habituellement moins long que les modèles déterministes....

This paper provides an overview of the key processes that generate floods in Canada, and a context for the other papers in this special issue – papers that provide detailed examinations of specific floods and flood-generating processes. The historical context of flooding in Canada is outlined, followed by a summary of regional aspects of floods in Canada and descriptions of the processes that generate floods in these regions, including floods generated by snowmelt, rain-on-snow and rainfall. Some flood processes that are particularly relevant, or which have been less well studied in Canada, are described: groundwater, storm surges, ice-jams and urban flooding. The issue of climate change-related trends in floods in Canada is examined, and suggested research needs regarding flood-generating processes are identified.