With the rapid development of economy and society, China’s demand for water resources and energy is increasing, and the supply situation is becoming increasingly severe. The correlation and binding characteristics between the two have become increasingly prominent, which will become bottlenecks in sustainable economic and social development in the future. In this paper, the Liang–Kleeman method was used to screen the risk factors of water resources and energy security, and then four major risk factors were selected. Based on the cloud model, the water resource and energy security risk assessment models were constructed combined with the predicted values using GM (1,1) and Pearson III curve methods, and the water resource and energy security risks of 30 provinces (cities) in 2020 were quantitatively assessed. The risk assessment results showed that the risk level zoning of water resource shortage with different guarantee rates in most regions has undergone little change, but the spatial distribution was quite different, showing the characteristics of “low in the South and high in the North”. When the guarantee rate changed from P = 25% to P = 95%, the risk level of water shortage in Sichuan, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hainan, Jilin, Ningxia and Nei Monggol significantly increased, and the spatial distribution of energy security risk and water resource shortage risk was obviously inconsistent.

The Yangtze River Economic Belt, as crucial component of China’s “T-shaped” strategy for territorial development and economic layout, has been challenged by the unbalanced spatial distribution of water resources, which has seriously affected high-quality development in harmony with the social economy and ecological environmental protection. In this study, we aim to enhance the conceptual definition of water resource spatial equilibrium. Additionally, we propose a water resource spatial equilibrium evaluation model based on a variable set and partial connection number. This model effectively addresses the limitations of traditional methods by incorporating fuzzy indices and dynamic information, which have previously been overlooked. The spatiotemporal characteristics and future evolutionary trend of water resource spatial equilibrium were analyzed in 11 provinces and 110 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 1999 to 2018. The results showed that the conceptual definition of water resource spatial equilibrium involves the water resource endowment, water resource development, water resource utilization, water resource supply and demand, water resource matching, and water resource protection. The water resource spatial equilibrium in the 11 provinces gradually improved following a temporal trend; in terms of the spatial trend, the south was better than the north and the west was better than the east. These provinces were sorted as follows: Yunnan > Sichuan > Zhejiang > Jiangxi > Hunan Province > Guizhou > Hubei > Chongqing > Anhui > Jiangsu > Shanghai. The evolutionary trend increased except in Yunnan. The water resource spatial equilibrium of the 110 cities showed that the spatial trends of the three major urban agglomerations were much better than in the other regions, and the temporal trend steadily improved. The 11 provinces and 110 cities could be divided into three and five categories, respectively, according to their spatiotemporal trends. City-scale research on water resource spatial equilibrium can effectively identify and optimize the control area compared with using a provincial scale. When the control targets were set to 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%, the proportion of the administrative area based on the city scale decreased by 1.20%, 4.99%, 10.52%, and 19.05%, respectively.

Developing new-quality productivity in water conservancy (NQPWC) is vital for advancing economic and social development, with a focus on sustainability. An evaluation of NQPWC and the identification of key barriers can help define the challenges and guide the development of targeted solutions. This study established an evaluation indicators system for NQPWC through four dimensions (3H1G): High-technology, High-efficiency, High-quality, and Green. Utilizing a multi-attribute decision approach based on the Real-Code Accelerated Genetic Algorithm Projection Pursuit model (RAGA-PP model), an evaluation of NQPWC at the provincial level in China from 2011 to 2022 was conducted. The results revealed a curvilinear upward trend in NQPWC in most regions, with southeastern coastal provinces (cities) outperforming those in the northwest. Further, the major obstacles affecting NQPWC’s development were identified through an Obstacle Degree Model (ODM), with High-technology being the most significant dimension, followed by High-quality, Green, and High-efficiency.

Agriculture contributes extensively to the economic development of countries; however, it is one of the main water-consuming industries. Revealing the characteristics and network structure of agricultural water use efficiency (AWUE) is conducive to green and coordinated development of agriculture. Considering that analyzing the variation of AWUE is helpful to calculating the AWUE, this study aims to calculate the total water consumption coefficient of the agricultural sector in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YEB) by using the China interregional input-output tables in 2012 and 2017. The gravity model was modified to deduce the spatial correlation network of agricultural total water consumption coefficient (ATWCC), and the social network analysis method was used to analyze the network structural characteristics. The results show that: (1) compared to 2012, the AWUE of YEB in 2017 improved, with a decrease of ATWCC from 532.5 to 387.5 m³/10,000-yuan, account for 27.2%; (2) The network relevance of ATWCC of YEB’s 11 provinces (cities) enhanced, the rank relationship within the network and the network structure was relatively stable; (3) The spatial correlation network formed several network centers, Zhejiang and Jiangsu in the eastern coastal area were the main destinations of the spatial spillover of the spatial correlation network.

In the era of big data, the data is updating in real-time. How to prepare the data accurately and efficiently is the key to mining association rules. In view of the above questions, this paper proposes a dynamic horizontal union algorithm of multiple interval concept lattices under the same background of the different attribute set and object set. First, in order to ensure the integrity of the lattice structure, the interval concept lattice incremental generation algorithm was improved, and then interval concept was divided into existing concept, redundancy concept and empty concept. Secondly, combining the characteristics of the interval concept lattice, the concept of consistency of interval concept lattice was defined and it is necessary and sufficient for the horizontal union of the lattice structure. Further, the interval concepts united were discussed, and the principle of horizontal unions was given. Finally, the sequence was scanned by the traversal method. This method increased the efficiency of horizontal union. A case study shows the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.