Park JK, et al. J Korean Med Sci. 2021 Mar;36(12):e95. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e95

Lim MJ, et al. J Korean Med Sci. 2014 Apr;29(4):502-506. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2014.29.4.502

(1) Background: We evaluated the prevalence and fracture risk of osteoporosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and compared the fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) criteria and bone mineral density (BMD) criteria established by the World Health Organization (WHO). (2) Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study, which included 479 RA patients in 5 hospitals, was conducted between January 2012 and December 2016. The FRAX criteria for high-risk osteoporotic fractures were calculated including and excluding the BMD values, respectively. The definition of high risk for fracture by FRAX criteria and BMD criteria by WHO was 10-year probability of ≥ 20% for major osteoporotic fracture or ≥ 3% for hip fracture, and T score ≤ −2.5 or Z score ≤ −2.0, respectively. (3) Results: The mean age was 61.7 ± 11.9 years. The study included 426 female patients (88.9%), 353 (82.9%) of whom were postmenopausal. Osteoporotic fractures were detected in 81 (16.9%) patients. The numbers of candidates for pharmacological intervention using the FRAX criteria with and without BMD and the WHO criteria were 226 (47.2%), 292 (61%), and 160 (33.4%), respectively. Only 69.2%–77% of the patients in the high-risk group using the FRAX criteria were receiving osteoporosis treatments. The following were significant using the WHO criteria: female (OR 3.55, 95% CI 1.46–8.63), age (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.08–1.13), and BMI (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.75–0.87). Glucocorticoid dose (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01–1.17), age (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.06–1.12), and disease duration (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1–1.01) were independent risk factors for fracture. (4) Conclusions: The proportion of RA patients with a high risk of osteoporotic fractures was 33.4%–61%. Only 69.2%–77% of candidate patients were receiving osteoporotic treatments while applying FRAX criteria. Independent risk factors for osteoporotic fractures in RA patients were age, the dose of glucocorticoid, and disease duration.

Mi Ryoung Seo, M.D., Jina Yeo, M.D., Jun Won Park, M.D., Yeon-Ah Lee, M.D., Ph.D., Ju Ho Lee, M.D., Eun Ha Kang, M.D., Ph.D., Seon Mi Ji, M.D., Ph.D., Seong-Ryul Kwon, M.D., Ph.D., Seong-Kyu Kim, M.D., Ph.D., Tae-Jong Kim, M.D., Ph.D., Tae-Hwan Kim, M.D., Ph.D., Hye Won Kim, M.D., Ph.D., Min-Chan Park, M.D., Ph.D., Kichul Shin, M.D., Ph.D., Sang-Hoon Lee, M.D., Ph.D., Eun Young Lee, M.D., Ph.D., Hoon Suk Cha, M.D., Ph.D., Seung Cheol Shim, M.D., Ph.D., Youngim Yoon, RN, Seung Ho Lee, Jun Hong Lim, Han Joo Baek, M.D., Ph.D.; on behalf of the Korean Society of Spondyloarthritis Research. J Rheum Dis 2023;30:151-69. https://doi.org/10.4078/jrd.2023.0025

Seong-Ryul Kwon, M.D., Ph.D., Tae-Hwan Kim, M.D., Ph.D., Tae-Jong Kim, M.D., Ph.D., Won Park, M.D., Ph.D., Seung Cheol Shim, M.D., Ph.D.. J Rheum Dis 2022;29:193-9. https://doi.org/10.4078/jrd.22.0023

As the prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia increases, the comorbidities of gout and hyperuricemia have become a public health burden. In particular, risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related complications are increasing. However, a few guidelines exist for the management of hyperuricemia. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association of serum uric acid with CVD risk in the general population of Korean adults. We examined cross-sectional data from the first and second years of the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2017. Among 16,277 participants, 8781 were analyzed. We estimated the CVD risk using a 10-year CVD risk score prediction formula. There was a significant association of serum uric acid with 10-year CVD risk scores after adjusting for physical activity, body mass index, serum creatinine, and alcohol consumption in both sexes (p < 0.001). In the fitted fractional polynomial model, an approximate U-shaped association between serum uric acid levels and 10-year CVD risk scores was found in men. At the serum uric acid level of 6.9 mg/dL, the CVD risk was lowest. An approximate J-shaped association between serum uric acid levels and 10-year CVD risk scores was found in women. Our study showed that hyperuricemia was associated with an increased CVD risk. Hypouricemia was also associated with an increased CVD risk in men. We, therefore, recommend proper management of uric acid levels in the general population to reduce CVD risks.