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Prof. Jose Manuel Vassallo
Professor of Transport Economics

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0 Transport Economics
0 sustainability assessment
0 sharing economy
0 infrastructure finance
0 cost benefit analysis

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sustainability assessment
cost benefit analysis
mobility and transport

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Journal article
Published: 28 June 2021 in Sustainability
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Teleworking and online shopping became commonplace during the COVID-19 pandemic and can be expected to maintain a strong presence in the foreseeable future. They can lead to significant changes in mobility patterns and transport demand. It is still unclear, however, how extensive their adoption can be, since each individual has different preferences or constraints. The overall impact on transport depends on which segments of the population will modify their behaviour and on what the substitutes to the current patterns will be. The purpose of this work is to identify the user profiles and spatial aspects that affect the adoption of teleworking and online shopping, and to explore the potential impact on transport demand. To that end, data from an EU-wide survey on mobility were analysed using a Machine Learning methodology. The results suggest that while the take up of the new work and consumption patterns is high on average, there are significant differences among countries and across different socio-economic profiles. Teleworking appears to have a high potential mainly in certain services sectors, affecting commuting patterns predominantly in large urban areas. Online shopping activity is more uniform across the population, although differences among countries and age groups may still be relevant. The findings of this work can be useful for the analysis of policies to encourage the uptake of new technologies in transport and mobility. They can be also a good reference point for future studies on the ex-post analysis of the impacts of the pandemic on mobility.

ACS Style

Juan López Soler; Panayotis Christidis; José Vassallo. Teleworking and Online Shopping: Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Their Impact on Transport Demand. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7211 .

AMA Style

Juan López Soler, Panayotis Christidis, José Vassallo. Teleworking and Online Shopping: Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Their Impact on Transport Demand. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):7211.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juan López Soler; Panayotis Christidis; José Vassallo. 2021. "Teleworking and Online Shopping: Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Their Impact on Transport Demand." Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7211.

Journal article
Published: 16 March 2021 in Sustainability
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Cities have intensified the adoption of Low Emission Zones (LEZs) to improve urban livability. Despite the high social controversy caused by LEZs in many cities, the scientific literature has paid little attention to study their public acceptability. This paper conducts a modelling approach exploring the impact of four groups of variables on the public acceptability of LEZs: (i) socio-economic and demographic characteristics; (ii) personal attitudes; (iii) travel-related variables; and (iv) perceptions and mobility habits linked to LEZs. The city of Madrid, Spain, is a case study of great interest because a LEZ called “Madrid Central” has been recently implemented. A total of 799 individual questionnaires were used to calibrate an ordered logit model. Results indicate that socio-economic and demographic variables are weakly related to the level of public acceptability towards the LEZ. On the contrary, the political ideology of individuals, their environmental awareness, their primary transport mode, the use of shared mobility systems, and the frequency of access to “Madrid Central” have a higher explanatory power. The results may be useful for policy-makers to understand the factors that increase the public acceptability of LEZs.

ACS Style

Javier Tarriño-Ortiz; Julio Soria-Lara; Juan Gómez; José Vassallo. Public Acceptability of Low Emission Zones: The Case of “Madrid Central”. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3251 .

AMA Style

Javier Tarriño-Ortiz, Julio Soria-Lara, Juan Gómez, José Vassallo. Public Acceptability of Low Emission Zones: The Case of “Madrid Central”. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (6):3251.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Javier Tarriño-Ortiz; Julio Soria-Lara; Juan Gómez; José Vassallo. 2021. "Public Acceptability of Low Emission Zones: The Case of “Madrid Central”." Sustainability 13, no. 6: 3251.

Article
Published: 06 March 2021 in Transportation
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Ride-hailing is an emerging service that is transforming door to door mobility in urban areas. Users can easily request a ride through a smartphone app that informs them of the pickup time, the location of the vehicle, and the fare that they will pay in advance. Even though it is well known that Uber implements a dynamic pricing approach depending mostly on supply, demand and competition with other services, there is still little empirical evidence on the main drivers explaining the fare strategy of the company. However, a deeper understanding of prices is essential to evaluate and establish a future scenario with smarter regulation and fairer competition between ridesourcing and taxi services. Using 10-month data from the Uber’s application programming interface in the city of Madrid, this research studies the association of Uber fares with different explanatory variables. It also explores the main differences between Uber and taxi fares. The results indicate that trip distance, trip delay, day of the week, origin and destination of the trip, and rain precipitation have a statistically significant impact on Uber fares. The findings also show that on average, Uber fares are lower than taxi fares, with the exception of particular hours of the day, as well as Uber fares slightly increased during taxi strikes recently happened in Madrid. The paper concludes with some policy recommendations and insigths regarding the future of the hailing sector and the importance of prices in evaluating future changes and possibilities.

ACS Style

Thais Rangel; Juan Nicolas Gonzalez; Juan Gomez; Fernando Romero; Jose Manuel Vassallo. Exploring ride-hailing fares: an empirical analysis of the case of Madrid. Transportation 2021, 1 -21.

AMA Style

Thais Rangel, Juan Nicolas Gonzalez, Juan Gomez, Fernando Romero, Jose Manuel Vassallo. Exploring ride-hailing fares: an empirical analysis of the case of Madrid. Transportation. 2021; ():1-21.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thais Rangel; Juan Nicolas Gonzalez; Juan Gomez; Fernando Romero; Jose Manuel Vassallo. 2021. "Exploring ride-hailing fares: an empirical analysis of the case of Madrid." Transportation , no. : 1-21.

Journal article
Published: 28 December 2020 in Sustainability
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Budgetary constraints are prompting many governments to encourage private financing of transport infrastructure through public–private partnerships (PPPs). Fiscal support measures are often used to improve the financial feasibility of PPPs and to rebalance the economics of contracts to compensate for government-imposed changes. In the latter case, information asymmetry, political haste, and lack of competition may lead to poor government decisions in establishing support measures. Furthermore, lack of government support may lead to early termination of contracts and non-implementation of projects with high potential social benefits. This paper analyzes the awarding of subordinated public participation loans (SPPLs) to 10 brownfield shadow-toll highway PPPs in Spain after the government imposed additional works. It is hypothesized that, given the political importance of the projects and the viability problems they soon experienced, the government may not have set out the terms of SPPLs efficiently. This paper evaluates the financial and social impacts of awarding these loans to three of these projects to assess whether the government’s decision to support them was justified from a sustainable perspective. The results show that, while the government’s decision was reasonable, the design of the SPPL and its awarding conditions should be improved to ensure the public interest.

ACS Style

Laura Garrido; José Vassallo. Is Ex-Post Fiscal Support to PPPs Sustainable? Analysis of Government Loans Granted to Shadow-Toll Roads in Spain: A Case Study. Sustainability 2020, 13, 219 .

AMA Style

Laura Garrido, José Vassallo. Is Ex-Post Fiscal Support to PPPs Sustainable? Analysis of Government Loans Granted to Shadow-Toll Roads in Spain: A Case Study. Sustainability. 2020; 13 (1):219.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Garrido; José Vassallo. 2020. "Is Ex-Post Fiscal Support to PPPs Sustainable? Analysis of Government Loans Granted to Shadow-Toll Roads in Spain: A Case Study." Sustainability 13, no. 1: 219.

Journal article
Published: 28 November 2020 in Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice
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To relieve road congestion, a variety of transport demand management measures (TDM) have been implemented all over the world. The success of these measures has been found to depend at least partially on users’ perception about them. Several articles have jointly addressed the acceptability of public transport improvement (carrot policies) and road pricing (stick policies). However, these research works have not considered discounts on existing toll roads to relieve congestion on free alternative expressways. The objective of this paper is to study the combined acceptance of different congestion-calming policies at the suburban level, including the promotion of toll roads and measures to foster the use of transit. To that end, a survey was conducted among travelers on a commuting transport corridor in the region of Madrid aimed at exploring their perceptions towards four TDM measures, and a choice modeling framework was conducted. The scenarios considered are “carrot” policies, and the results of the analysis indicate that enhancing public transportation enjoys more support among respondents than toll promotions. Motorists using the free highway are more willing to use transit improvements than to opt for a toll road as an alternative regardless of the proposed toll discounts. Among the TDM measures explored, the least supported is the promotion of toll discounts associated with non-household carpooling. Furthermore, according to the results, the adoption of these TDM measures is more influenced by trip-related factors, in particular, the trip frequency and the mode of transport, than by socio-economic characteristics of the traveler. Finally, some geodemographic attributes of the residential location are also found to be statistically significant.

ACS Style

Fernando Romero; Juan Gomez; Antonio Paez; José Manuel Vassallo. Toll roads vs. Public transportation: A study on the acceptance of congestion-calming measures in Madrid. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 2020, 142, 319 -342.

AMA Style

Fernando Romero, Juan Gomez, Antonio Paez, José Manuel Vassallo. Toll roads vs. Public transportation: A study on the acceptance of congestion-calming measures in Madrid. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. 2020; 142 ():319-342.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Romero; Juan Gomez; Antonio Paez; José Manuel Vassallo. 2020. "Toll roads vs. Public transportation: A study on the acceptance of congestion-calming measures in Madrid." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 142, no. : 319-342.

Journal article
Published: 28 November 2020 in Sustainability
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Recently, the Chilean government created the Chilean Infrastructure Fund (CIF) that will allow taking advantage of the value of existing infrastructure assets. The fund will enable the government to finance new infrastructure projects with the resources obtained from new concessionaires’ payments to the government for the value of retendering existing public-private partnership (PPP) projects. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the contribution that this new public institution will bring to the financial sustainability of infrastructure in Chile, the opportunities and challenges for its implementation, and its economic value. The research has a qualitative and quantitative approach. Based on the understanding of the new concept of asset recycling, the application of economic foundations, and financial methodologies such as discounted cash flows and real options, the research assessed the institutional and economic value of the new Chilean Infrastructure Fund. The main findings are that the new Chilean Infrastructure Fund will create public value and public wealth since it will foster good governance, streamline the concession system, accelerate the implementation of sustainable PPP projects, and improve planning schemes among others. Other countries could follow this experience, promoting infrastructure funds to improve governance and accelerate the implementation of sustainable PPP projects.

ACS Style

Patricio Mansilla; José Vassallo. Innovative Infrastructure Fund to Ensure the Financial Sustainability of PPP Projects: The Case of Chile. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9965 .

AMA Style

Patricio Mansilla, José Vassallo. Innovative Infrastructure Fund to Ensure the Financial Sustainability of PPP Projects: The Case of Chile. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (23):9965.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Patricio Mansilla; José Vassallo. 2020. "Innovative Infrastructure Fund to Ensure the Financial Sustainability of PPP Projects: The Case of Chile." Sustainability 12, no. 23: 9965.

Book chapter
Published: 24 September 2020 in Advances in Transport Policy and Planning
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Ever since the term sustainability was firstly coined by the Brundtland Commission in 1987, this concept has become a key goal in assessing the impacts of transport policies, plans and projects. In the context of the book, this chapter conducts a review of the main academic and practical achievements conducted up to date regarding sustainability appraisal of transport undertakings. The chapter begins with an analysis of the key aspects embedded within the term “sustainability,” as well as the evolution of the concept over time. It continues with a description of some of the methods specifically designed to assess sustainability—such as rating systems, models and frameworks—from which it is concluded that they are rather incomplete. It continues with an analysis of the missing aspects that conventional appraisal methods—such as cost-benefit analysis, multi-criteria decision analysis or environmental impact assessment methods—lack to rightly address the requirements of sustainability assessment. After that, the chapter suggests a methodology, consisting of a set of steps, to appraise sustainability of transport projects. The chapter finalizes with key reflections about future challenges to improve sustainability assessment.

ACS Style

José Manuel Vassallo; Paola Carolina Bueno. Sustainability assessment of transport policies, plans and projects. Advances in Transport Policy and Planning 2020, 9 -50.

AMA Style

José Manuel Vassallo, Paola Carolina Bueno. Sustainability assessment of transport policies, plans and projects. Advances in Transport Policy and Planning. 2020; ():9-50.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Manuel Vassallo; Paola Carolina Bueno. 2020. "Sustainability assessment of transport policies, plans and projects." Advances in Transport Policy and Planning , no. : 9-50.

Journal article
Published: 02 August 2020 in Sensors
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Bicycle Sharing Systems (BSSs) are exponentially increasing in the urban mobility sector. They are traditionally conceived as a last-mile complement to the public transport system. In this paper, we demonstrate that BSSs can be seen as a public transport system in their own right. To do so, we build a mathematical framework for the classification of BSS trips. Using trajectory information, we create the trip index, which characterizes the intrinsic purpose of the use of BSS as transport or leisure. The construction of the trip index required a specific analysis of the BSS shortest path, which cannot be directly calculated from the topology of the network given that cyclists can find shortcuts through traffic lights, pedestrian crossings, etc. to reduce the overall traveled distance. Adding a layer of complication to the problem, these shortcuts have a non-trivial existence in terms of being intermittent, or short lived. We applied the proposed methodology to empirical data from BiciMAD, the public BSS in Madrid (Spain). The obtained results show that the trip index correctly determines transport and leisure categories, which exhibit distinct statistical and operational features. Finally, we inferred the underlying BSS public transport network and show the fundamental trajectories traveled by users. Based on this analysis, we conclude that 90.60% of BiciMAD’s use fall in the category of transport, which demonstrates our first statement.

ACS Style

Mark Wilby; Juan Díaz; Rubén Pozo; Ana González; José Vassallo; Carmen Ávila. Data-Driven Analysis of Bicycle Sharing Systems as Public Transport Systems Based on a Trip Index Classification. Sensors 2020, 20, 4315 .

AMA Style

Mark Wilby, Juan Díaz, Rubén Pozo, Ana González, José Vassallo, Carmen Ávila. Data-Driven Analysis of Bicycle Sharing Systems as Public Transport Systems Based on a Trip Index Classification. Sensors. 2020; 20 (15):4315.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mark Wilby; Juan Díaz; Rubén Pozo; Ana González; José Vassallo; Carmen Ávila. 2020. "Data-Driven Analysis of Bicycle Sharing Systems as Public Transport Systems Based on a Trip Index Classification." Sensors 20, no. 15: 4315.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2020 in Journal of Infrastructure Systems
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Since the 2000s, the city of Santiago, Chile has experienced severe congestion problems in its urban area. To face them, the government decided to promote the first full network of electronic toll highway concessions ever implemented in a metropolitan area worldwide. The toll system was defined fully free-flow and interoperable across all concessions, requiring a complex enforcement mechanism to make it effective. Although previous research studied specific issues of the highway program, an overall analysis of its performance over time was missing. Using a case study methodology, information was gathered from literature review studies, statistical sources, and interviews with key stakeholders. This paper found that the concession model is a feasible alternative to finance and operate a network of urban toll highways using an interoperable electronic toll collection (ETC) system. However, future experiences should take into account crucial aspects such as the need to promote integration with public transportation means, to avoid separation among neighborhoods, and to adopt regulatory measures to prevent congestion in the future.

ACS Style

José Manuel Vassallo; Javier Heras-Molina; Laura Garrido; Juan Gomez. Urban Toll Highway Concession System in Santiago, Chile: Lessons Learned after 15 Years. Journal of Infrastructure Systems 2020, 26, 05020004 .

AMA Style

José Manuel Vassallo, Javier Heras-Molina, Laura Garrido, Juan Gomez. Urban Toll Highway Concession System in Santiago, Chile: Lessons Learned after 15 Years. Journal of Infrastructure Systems. 2020; 26 (2):05020004.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Manuel Vassallo; Javier Heras-Molina; Laura Garrido; Juan Gomez. 2020. "Urban Toll Highway Concession System in Santiago, Chile: Lessons Learned after 15 Years." Journal of Infrastructure Systems 26, no. 2: 05020004.

Journal article
Published: 04 November 2019 in Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment
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With the increasing concern about environmental problems in metropolitan areas, policy-makers are establishing restrictions on private vehicles in city centers to mitigate air pollution levels. Like many other European cities, Madrid fails to fulfill repeatedly the legal limits on pollutant concentrations established by the European Commission. Accordingly, in order to comply with acceptable air quality levels, Madrid City Council passed a protocol to address high NO2 pollution episodes. This paper aims at gaining deeper insight into how emission abatement plans foster a more sustainable mobility in suburban trips. To that end, a discrete choice analysis is conducted to explore the influence of the different restriction stages on modal share in a commuting corridor. Based on traffic counts and transit entrances, two multinomial grouped logit models are calibrated. Moreover, differences across trip frequencies are studied in order to determine to what extent a modal shift from private vehicles to more environmentally-friendly modes of transport occurs. The paper concludes that modal choice in suburban trips is influenced by the mobility restrictions adopted. Nevertheless, this effect shows to be fairly limited in the case of the Madrid NO2 Protocol. Therefore, more severe measures should be implemented to achieve a greater modal shift towards more sustainable transport modes.

ACS Style

Fernando Romero; Juan Gomez; Thais Rangel; José Manuel Vassallo. Impact of restrictions to tackle high pollution episodes in Madrid: Modal share change in commuting corridors. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 2019, 77, 77 -91.

AMA Style

Fernando Romero, Juan Gomez, Thais Rangel, José Manuel Vassallo. Impact of restrictions to tackle high pollution episodes in Madrid: Modal share change in commuting corridors. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 2019; 77 ():77-91.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Romero; Juan Gomez; Thais Rangel; José Manuel Vassallo. 2019. "Impact of restrictions to tackle high pollution episodes in Madrid: Modal share change in commuting corridors." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 77, no. : 77-91.

Journal article
Published: 07 May 2019 in Transport
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In some countries it is fairly common to see two roads with the same origin and destination competing in the same corridor. One of them is usually a toll highway that offers a better quality to the users compared to its alternative: a free parallel single road, which might be tolled as well. This kind of transport network has been largely studied in the academic literature and particularly the optimal combination of tolls that maximizes economic efficiency. If both roads are tolled the problem is known as the first best, otherwise it is called the “untolled alternative”. There is a gap regarding how income distribution affects the optimal toll. The main objective of this paper is to add knowledge in the area by analysing the influence of the distribution of the Values of Travel Time (VTT) of the users of this corridor on the optimal combination of tolls. To solve this problem, the authors define a mathematical model aimed at obtaining the optimal welfare price for this kind of corridor under the hypothesis that drivers decide over the expectation of free flow conditions. The results show that the higher the average VTT the higher the optimal price, and the higher the dispersion (variance) of this VTT the lower the optimal price. It was also found that low income users who are not able to internalize externalities should not travel. Finally, first best pricing and untolled alternative schemes match for high income users

ACS Style

Alejandro Ortega Hortelano; Jose Manuel Vassallo; Juan Ignacio Pérez. OPTIMAL WELFARE PRICE FOR A ROAD CORRIDOR WITH HETEROGENEOUS USERS. Transport 2019, 34, 318 -329.

AMA Style

Alejandro Ortega Hortelano, Jose Manuel Vassallo, Juan Ignacio Pérez. OPTIMAL WELFARE PRICE FOR A ROAD CORRIDOR WITH HETEROGENEOUS USERS. Transport. 2019; 34 (3):318-329.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alejandro Ortega Hortelano; Jose Manuel Vassallo; Juan Ignacio Pérez. 2019. "OPTIMAL WELFARE PRICE FOR A ROAD CORRIDOR WITH HETEROGENEOUS USERS." Transport 34, no. 3: 318-329.

Article
Published: 25 January 2019 in Transportation
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In the field of road transport, Advanced Traveller Information Systems represent a relevant tool to manage road traffic, improve drivers’ utility and make a more efficient use of transport infrastructure. Due to the growing sources of en-route information available nowadays, it is crucial to understand better its influence on drivers’ behaviour, particularly with regard to route choice. Previous research in this field has mainly focused on the provision of en-route information in toll-free environments. However, few researches have explored its influence when a tolled alternative is available. This paper is aimed at exploring the influence of variable message signs (VMS) information on drivers’ route choice, made between a free highway and a competing tolled alternative. To that end, we develop a binary logit analysis based on empirical data from the metropolitan area of Madrid, Spain. Results show that the type of information provided to drivers through VMS panels significantly influences their route choice when one of the alternatives is tolled. Furthermore, some combinations of messages, such as adding travel time estimates together with incident messages, greatly increase the diversion rate to the tolled route. The research also offers evidence that the influence of the information provided changes according to the type of day, which may be related to traffic conditions, and to the different types of user characteristic of weekday and weekend mobility.

ACS Style

Fernando Romero; Juan Gomez; Thais Rangel; Rafael Jurado-Piña; José Manuel Vassallo. The influence of variable message signs on en-route diversion between a toll highway and a free competing alternative. Transportation 2019, 47, 1665 -1687.

AMA Style

Fernando Romero, Juan Gomez, Thais Rangel, Rafael Jurado-Piña, José Manuel Vassallo. The influence of variable message signs on en-route diversion between a toll highway and a free competing alternative. Transportation. 2019; 47 (4):1665-1687.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Romero; Juan Gomez; Thais Rangel; Rafael Jurado-Piña; José Manuel Vassallo. 2019. "The influence of variable message signs on en-route diversion between a toll highway and a free competing alternative." Transportation 47, no. 4: 1665-1687.

Article
Published: 15 September 2018 in Transportation
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During the last few decades, the European Union has promoted distance-based charges on heavy goods vehicles for the use of main roads as a means of funding the infrastructure and internalizing external costs. This approach has progressively been implemented by many European nations. From a macro perspective, this paper explores the impact of heavy vehicle tolling on road freight demand in the countries where it has been implemented. To that end, we develop a dynamic panel data methodology to analyze the evolution over time of road freight traffic and modal share for the European countries having implemented a nationwide per-km truck tolling policy. The results show that, with the exception of very specific cases, there is not strong evidence that heavy vehicle tolling had either influenced road freight volume or promoted the shift of freight to alternative modes. In addition, the limited effect of this charging policy has been partly or mostly counteracted by the evolution of other explanatory factors such as economic growth and the expansion of high capacity networks.

ACS Style

Juan Gomez; José Manuel Vassallo. Has heavy vehicle tolling in Europe been effective in reducing road freight transport and promoting modal shift? Transportation 2018, 47, 865 -892.

AMA Style

Juan Gomez, José Manuel Vassallo. Has heavy vehicle tolling in Europe been effective in reducing road freight transport and promoting modal shift? Transportation. 2018; 47 (2):865-892.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juan Gomez; José Manuel Vassallo. 2018. "Has heavy vehicle tolling in Europe been effective in reducing road freight transport and promoting modal shift?" Transportation 47, no. 2: 865-892.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2018 in Journal of Infrastructure Systems
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In some countries, it is common for two roads with the same origin and destination to compete in the same corridor. Usually one of the roads is a toll highway of better quality, whereas the parallel single road is toll-free. The users have to decide whether it is worth paying for the advantages offered by the toll road. This problem, known as the untolled alternative, has been studied extensively. Particular attention has been paid to calculating the optimal welfare toll that maximizes the economic efficiency. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding how the income distribution affects the optimal toll. The main objective of this paper is to add knowledge in that area by analyzing the influence of the distribution of the values of travel time (VTT) of the users, which is closely related to their income distribution, on the optimal toll price. To solve this problem, the authors defined a mathematical model aimed at obtaining the optimal welfare price for this kind of corridor under the hypothesis that the drivers assume that the average flow conditions will prevail. Under the assumptions made in the paper and for the type of network studied, the results showed that the higher was the average VTT, the higher was the optimal price; and the higher was the dispersion (variance) of this VTT, the lower was the optimal price.

ACS Style

Alejandro Ortega; Jose Manuel Vassallo; Juan Ignacio Pérez-Díaz. Optimal Welfare Price for a Highway Competing with an Untolled Alternative: Influence of Income Distribution. Journal of Infrastructure Systems 2018, 24, 04018001 .

AMA Style

Alejandro Ortega, Jose Manuel Vassallo, Juan Ignacio Pérez-Díaz. Optimal Welfare Price for a Highway Competing with an Untolled Alternative: Influence of Income Distribution. Journal of Infrastructure Systems. 2018; 24 (1):04018001.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alejandro Ortega; Jose Manuel Vassallo; Juan Ignacio Pérez-Díaz. 2018. "Optimal Welfare Price for a Highway Competing with an Untolled Alternative: Influence of Income Distribution." Journal of Infrastructure Systems 24, no. 1: 04018001.

Research article
Published: 16 November 2017 in Journal of Public Policy
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The EU infrastructure policy has relied on Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) as a means to successfully deliver infrastructure of benefit for the EU. To reach its infrastructure policy objectives, the EU has implemented support mechanisms aimed at facilitating the delivery of PPPs. This article is aimed at evaluating to what extent these mechanisms have actually contributed to improving the economic performance of PPPs. To that end, we have selected the case of Spanish road PPPs for empirical analysis. The main result shows that EU support positively influences the economic performance of PPP projects. This is caused by the fact that the EU conditions its financial support on a project’s meeting a set of requirements that help assure the success of the project. From this result, we obtain a set of conclusions that may be generalised to other cases, and provide a contribution to the body of knowledge on PPPs.

ACS Style

Laura Garrido; Thais Rangel; María De Los Ángeles Baeza; José M. Vassallo. Does EU support contribute to economically successful Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs)? A panel data analysis of road PPP projects in Spain. Journal of Public Policy 2017, 39, 65 -87.

AMA Style

Laura Garrido, Thais Rangel, María De Los Ángeles Baeza, José M. Vassallo. Does EU support contribute to economically successful Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs)? A panel data analysis of road PPP projects in Spain. Journal of Public Policy. 2017; 39 (1):65-87.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Garrido; Thais Rangel; María De Los Ángeles Baeza; José M. Vassallo. 2017. "Does EU support contribute to economically successful Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs)? A panel data analysis of road PPP projects in Spain." Journal of Public Policy 39, no. 1: 65-87.

Article
Published: 04 November 2017 in Transportation
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Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) systems are based on tags, on-board units associated to personal bank accounts, used for paying tolls electronically. Despite the benefits associated to their use, acknowledged by public authorities among other stakeholders, these systems are relentlessly penetrating as a means for paying the use of roads worldwide. However, governments and infrastructure operators still have a great potential to increase the effectiveness and expediency of these mechanisms. Previous literature in this field has focused on analyzing users’ perceptions and willingness to pay to use toll roads. However, there is still room for addressing additional aspects such as drivers’ adoption of ETC systems in these road networks allowing the payment of tolls electronically. The aim of this paper is to identify the explanatory factors influencing the adoption of ETC technologies by toll road drivers. To that end, we exploit a nationwide survey conducted to road users in interurban toll roads in Spain, and develop a multilevel logit framework to explore users’ adoption and position towards the use of electronic tolling. The research concludes that drivers’ tag ownership is mainly related to trip-related attributes, while personal socioeconomic characteristics play a minor role. Then, it is not possible to establish specific socioeconomic user market segments to direct policy efforts aimed at increasing the penetration of ETC. Furthermore, according to the results, delivering tag devices for free would be an effective policy measure to encourage individuals adopting electronic tolling and making additional use of toll roads, due to the benefits provided by ETC systems.

ACS Style

Javier Heras-Molina; Juan Gómez; Jose Manuel Vassallo. Drivers’ adoption of electronic payment in the Spanish toll road network. Transportation 2017, 46, 931 -955.

AMA Style

Javier Heras-Molina, Juan Gómez, Jose Manuel Vassallo. Drivers’ adoption of electronic payment in the Spanish toll road network. Transportation. 2017; 46 (3):931-955.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Javier Heras-Molina; Juan Gómez; Jose Manuel Vassallo. 2017. "Drivers’ adoption of electronic payment in the Spanish toll road network." Transportation 46, no. 3: 931-955.

Conference paper
Published: 11 July 2017 in Advances in Public-Private Partnerships
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In this paper, we analyze the successes and failures of PPPs and concession contracts for delivering and operating infrastructure in Spain from the award of the first toll highway concession program to the present and assess the impact that PPPs have had in infrastructure investment levels in Spain. To that end, we define the risk allocation principles used in Spain, and explore the evolution of the contracting approaches over the years. We found that the performance of PPPs is Spain was reasonably good until the arrival of the economic recession in 2008. Taking advantage of that, we make a trans-sector review of PPPs and study in-depth the impact that the economic recession has had on the business performance of PPPs in Spain and on the capacity of the central and regional governments to fulfill its commitments with the private sector. This analysis proved to be useful to assess to what extent PPP contracts were well designed and risks were correctly allocated. On the basis of the impact of the recession on PPP contracts, we were able to identify measures that, if had been applied, would have improved the present performance of PPPs.

ACS Style

José Manuel Vassallo; María De Los Ángeles Baeza; Alejandro Ortega. PPPs in Spain: Lessons from the Economic Recession. Advances in Public-Private Partnerships 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

José Manuel Vassallo, María De Los Ángeles Baeza, Alejandro Ortega. PPPs in Spain: Lessons from the Economic Recession. Advances in Public-Private Partnerships. 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Manuel Vassallo; María De Los Ángeles Baeza; Alejandro Ortega. 2017. "PPPs in Spain: Lessons from the Economic Recession." Advances in Public-Private Partnerships , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2017 in Transport Policy
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During the last few decades, the European Union has been promoting the use of PPPs in order to accelerate the\ud development of the TEN-T for ensuring economic, social and territorial cohesion and increasing accessibility\ud within the EU. To that end, several mechanisms have been put at the disposal of the Member States to enhance\ud transport infrastructure of interest for the EU. This paper conducts a review of the main funding programs\ud implemented by the EU authorities in order to evaluate to what extent the European support has been rightly\ud channelled to PPP projects. To that end, a multiple regression model has been applied to road PPP projects in\ud Spain to analyse whether those PPP projects with EU financial backing ultimately have a higher economic\ud performance compared to those projects not receiving such a support. The research concludes that there is a\ud positive correlation between receiving European financial support and the good economic performance of those\ud projects

ACS Style

Laura Garrido; Juan Gomez; María De Los Ángeles Baeza; Jose Manuel Vassallo. Is EU financial support enhancing the economic performance of PPP projects? An empirical analysis on the case of spanish road infrastructure. Transport Policy 2017, 56, 19 -28.

AMA Style

Laura Garrido, Juan Gomez, María De Los Ángeles Baeza, Jose Manuel Vassallo. Is EU financial support enhancing the economic performance of PPP projects? An empirical analysis on the case of spanish road infrastructure. Transport Policy. 2017; 56 ():19-28.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Garrido; Juan Gomez; María De Los Ángeles Baeza; Jose Manuel Vassallo. 2017. "Is EU financial support enhancing the economic performance of PPP projects? An empirical analysis on the case of spanish road infrastructure." Transport Policy 56, no. : 19-28.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2017 in Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice
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Implementing effective travel demand management measures provides an opportunity to\ud reduce transport dependence on the private car. There is growing acknowledgement that\ud the strategy of implementing transit benefits may boost transit ridership and reduce personal\ud vehicle use. This research contributes to the understanding of this issue by examining\ud the relationship between commuter benefits and mode choice for commuting trips in the\ud states of New York and New Jersey (US). Based on individual data from the Regional\ud Household Travel Survey conducted by the New York Metropolitan Transportation\ud Council and North Jersey Transportation Planning Authority, we adopted a multinomial\ud logit model to identify the extent to which transport benefits to employees – including\ud public transport-related, private transport-related and benefits for walking and cycling –\ud promote changes in commuters’ modal split. The analysis shows that commuter benefits\ud play a significant role in explaining observed travel patterns. Benefit programs that pay\ud for auto expenses (e.g. toll payments, mileage reimbursement, free parking) are negatively\ud correlated with transit, biking, and walking, while employer-funded benefit programs for\ud transit passes and bike reimbursements increase their respective mode shares. This result\ud confirms that promoting these types of measures is an effective policy to encourage the use\ud of public transport modes, thus increasing efficiency and sustainability in daily mobility\ud patterns

ACS Style

Paola Carolina Bueno; Juan Gomez; Jonathan R. Peters; Jose Manuel Vassallo. Understanding the effects of transit benefits on employees’ travel behavior: Evidence from the New York-New Jersey region. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 2017, 99, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Paola Carolina Bueno, Juan Gomez, Jonathan R. Peters, Jose Manuel Vassallo. Understanding the effects of transit benefits on employees’ travel behavior: Evidence from the New York-New Jersey region. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. 2017; 99 ():1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paola Carolina Bueno; Juan Gomez; Jonathan R. Peters; Jose Manuel Vassallo. 2017. "Understanding the effects of transit benefits on employees’ travel behavior: Evidence from the New York-New Jersey region." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 99, no. : 1-13.

Research article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board
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User acceptability has become a critical issue for the successful implementation of transport pricing measures and policies. Although several studies have addressed the public acceptability of road pricing, little evidence can be found of the effects of pricing strategies. The acceptability of alternative schemes for a toll network already in operation is an issue to be tackled. This paper contributes to the limited literature in this field by exploring perceptions toward road-pricing schemes among toll road users. On the basis of a nationwide survey of toll road users in Spain, the study developed several binomial logit models to analyze user acceptability of three approaches: express toll lanes, a time-based pricing approach, and a flat fee (vignette) system. The results show notable differences in user acceptability by the type of charging scheme proposed. Express toll lanes were more acceptable by travelers who perceived greater benefits from saving travel time. The acceptability of time-based approaches (peak versus off-peak) decreased for users who felt forced to use the toll road, whereas this was not an aspect that significantly influenced users’ support for flat fee schemes. In addition, a flat fee strategy was more acceptable for long-distance trips and truck drivers who regularly used the toll facilities. The results from this analysis can inform policy makers and planners for the promotion of more efficient, socially inclusive, and publicly acceptable road-pricing schemes.

ACS Style

Paola Carolina Bueno; Juan Gomez; Jose Manuel Vassallo. Seeking Factors to Increase the Public's Acceptability of Road-Pricing Schemes. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2017, 2606, 9 -17.

AMA Style

Paola Carolina Bueno, Juan Gomez, Jose Manuel Vassallo. Seeking Factors to Increase the Public's Acceptability of Road-Pricing Schemes. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. 2017; 2606 (1):9-17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paola Carolina Bueno; Juan Gomez; Jose Manuel Vassallo. 2017. "Seeking Factors to Increase the Public's Acceptability of Road-Pricing Schemes." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2606, no. 1: 9-17.