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Cash mob is a practice where groups of people gather at local shops to buy a given product (usually with a strong sustainable feature) and make their decisions visible to the general public. With our paper we aim to assess the effectiveness of the cash mob as a behavioural tool and provide a better understanding of the behavioural triggers of consumers’ decision making process. We run a laboratory experiment where we mimic sustainable consumption and the cash mob treatment is embedded in a sequential game structure with/without an environmental frame. We find that the cash mob treatment has a positive gross effect, that is, the share of sustainable consumers is significantly higher in treated sessions. We also document a significant effect of expectations about the number of those eliciting a sustainable behaviour depending on participants’ previous choices. Our results suggest that cash mob-like mechanisms can help to solve social dilemmas like sustainable consumption with entirely private solutions (not based on punishment like taxes but on positive action), and with no costs for government budgets.
Leonardo Becchetti; Maurizio Fiaschetti; Francesco Salustri. Let’s buy sustainable! The impact of cash mobs on sustainable consumption: Experimental results. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 128419 .
AMA StyleLeonardo Becchetti, Maurizio Fiaschetti, Francesco Salustri. Let’s buy sustainable! The impact of cash mobs on sustainable consumption: Experimental results. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; ():128419.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeonardo Becchetti; Maurizio Fiaschetti; Francesco Salustri. 2021. "Let’s buy sustainable! The impact of cash mobs on sustainable consumption: Experimental results." Journal of Cleaner Production , no. : 128419.
We investigate the nexus between TV watching and the general public opinion about the impact of immigrants on the economies of destination countries using evidence from the European Social Survey. We find, as expected, that low skilled workers and less educated respondents have a more negative view, likely due to the stronger competition threat they suffer from immigrants. Second, and more surprising, time spent watching TV gives a strong and significant contribution to the negative opinions on the role of immigrants. Over-representation of negative events involving migrants and lack of migrants voice on TV are two likely rationales consistent with our findings.
Leonardo Becchetti; Berkan Acar. Public Opinion Views on Immigrants’ Contribution to the Local Economy: the Role of TV Exposure. Italian Economic Journal 2021, 1 -24.
AMA StyleLeonardo Becchetti, Berkan Acar. Public Opinion Views on Immigrants’ Contribution to the Local Economy: the Role of TV Exposure. Italian Economic Journal. 2021; ():1-24.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeonardo Becchetti; Berkan Acar. 2021. "Public Opinion Views on Immigrants’ Contribution to the Local Economy: the Role of TV Exposure." Italian Economic Journal , no. : 1-24.
We use an original variant of the standard trust game to study the effects of corruption on trust and trustworthiness. In this game, both the trustor and the trustee know that part of the surplus they can generate may be captured by a third “corrupted” player under different expected costs of audit and prosecution. We find a slightly higher trustor’s giving in the presence of corruption, matched by a significant excess of reciprocity from the trustee. Both the trustor and the trustee expect, on average, corruption to act as a tax, inelastic to changes in the probability of corruption prosecution. Expectations are correct for the inelasticity assumption and for the actual value of the “corruption tax”. Our experimental findings lead to the rejection of four standard hypotheses based on purely self-regarding preferences. We discuss how the apparently paradoxical excess reciprocity effect is consistent with the cultural role of heroes in history, where examples of commendable giving have been used to stimulate emulation of ordinary people. Our results suggest that the excess reciprocity component of the trustee makes the trustor’s excess giving a rational and effective strategy.
Leonardo Becchetti; Luca Corazzini; Vittorio Pelligra. Trust and Trustworthiness in Corrupted Economic Environments. Games 2021, 12, 16 .
AMA StyleLeonardo Becchetti, Luca Corazzini, Vittorio Pelligra. Trust and Trustworthiness in Corrupted Economic Environments. Games. 2021; 12 (1):16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeonardo Becchetti; Luca Corazzini; Vittorio Pelligra. 2021. "Trust and Trustworthiness in Corrupted Economic Environments." Games 12, no. 1: 16.
The questioned link between air pollution and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreading or related mortality represents a hot topic that has immediately been regarded in the light of divergent views. A first “school of thought” advocates that what matters are only standard epidemiological variables (i.e. frequency of interactions in proportion of the viral charge). A second school of thought argues that co-factors such as quality of air play an important role too. We analyzed available literature concerning the link between air quality, as measured by different pollutants and a number of COVID-19 outcomes, such as number of positive cases, deaths, and excess mortality rates. We reviewed several studies conducted worldwide and discussing many different methodological approaches aimed at investigating causality associations. Our paper reviewed the most recent empirical researches documenting the existence of a huge evidence produced worldwide concerning the role played by air pollution on health in general and on COVID-19 outcomes in particular. These results support both research hypotheses, i.e. long-term exposure effects and short-term consequences (including the hypothesis of particulate matter acting as viral “carrier”) according to the two schools of thought, respectively. The link between air pollution and COVID-19 outcomes is strong and robust as resulting from many different research methodologies. Policy implications should be drawn from a “rational” assessment of these findings as “not taking any action” represents an action itself.
Leonardo Becchetti; Gabriele Beccari; Gianluigi Conzo; Pierluigi Conzo; Davide De Santis; Francesco Salustri. Air quality and COVID-19 adverse outcomes: Divergent views and experimental findings. Environmental Research 2020, 193, 110556 -110556.
AMA StyleLeonardo Becchetti, Gabriele Beccari, Gianluigi Conzo, Pierluigi Conzo, Davide De Santis, Francesco Salustri. Air quality and COVID-19 adverse outcomes: Divergent views and experimental findings. Environmental Research. 2020; 193 ():110556-110556.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeonardo Becchetti; Gabriele Beccari; Gianluigi Conzo; Pierluigi Conzo; Davide De Santis; Francesco Salustri. 2020. "Air quality and COVID-19 adverse outcomes: Divergent views and experimental findings." Environmental Research 193, no. : 110556-110556.
We show that generativity, intended as the capacity of affecting positively other human lives, has a strong and significant effect on life sense and life satisfaction of individuals aged 50 and above. We define three generativity dimensions: individual generativity power, local generativity power and individual generativity in act. We find that generativity in act (both in its leisure and work dimensions) has a positive and significant effect on subjective well-being. The gross effect is, however, smaller than the net effect since generativity in act is negatively correlated with the internal locus of control (control over one’s own life). Our findings have strong policy implications since generativity affects consumption and saving choices of utility maximizing economic agents and policymakers may create consensus by building generative societies.
Leonardo Becchetti; Davide Bellucci. Generativity, aging and subjective well-being. International Review of Economics 2020, 68, 141 -184.
AMA StyleLeonardo Becchetti, Davide Bellucci. Generativity, aging and subjective well-being. International Review of Economics. 2020; 68 (2):141-184.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeonardo Becchetti; Davide Bellucci. 2020. "Generativity, aging and subjective well-being." International Review of Economics 68, no. 2: 141-184.
We devise a “nudging” natural field experiment to test the impact of a simple form of advertising on environmentally responsible products with/without the increase of the responsible product price. We find that the simple use of a small shelf poster explaining the importance of buying a green product (with/without a concurring price increase) generates significant changes in market shares for some of the product classes for both food and non-food products. Part of the effect is generated by the reduced price elasticity of consumers to the poster-plus-price-increase treatment.
Leonardo Becchetti; Francesco Salustri; Pasquale Scaramozzino. Nudging and corporate environmental responsibility: A natural field experiment. Food Policy 2020, 97, 101951 .
AMA StyleLeonardo Becchetti, Francesco Salustri, Pasquale Scaramozzino. Nudging and corporate environmental responsibility: A natural field experiment. Food Policy. 2020; 97 ():101951.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeonardo Becchetti; Francesco Salustri; Pasquale Scaramozzino. 2020. "Nudging and corporate environmental responsibility: A natural field experiment." Food Policy 97, no. : 101951.
Eudaimonic happiness (measured in terms of sense of life) is a relatively unexplored subjective wellbeing indicator. The empirical findings presented in this paper show that it has a significant and quantitatively remarkable correlation with the future insurgence of some chronic diseases and the reduction of most functionalities in the ageing population. These results document that eudaimonic happiness is a relevant leading indicator of future health outcomes and expenditure and that its correlation is independent from that of the traditional life satisfaction measure.
Leonardo Becchetti; Maria Jua Bachelet; Fabio Pisani. Eudaimonic happiness as a leading health indicator: cross-country European evidence. Applied Economics 2020, 52, 4726 -4744.
AMA StyleLeonardo Becchetti, Maria Jua Bachelet, Fabio Pisani. Eudaimonic happiness as a leading health indicator: cross-country European evidence. Applied Economics. 2020; 52 (43):4726-4744.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeonardo Becchetti; Maria Jua Bachelet; Fabio Pisani. 2020. "Eudaimonic happiness as a leading health indicator: cross-country European evidence." Applied Economics 52, no. 43: 4726-4744.
The legal origin literature documents that civil and common law traditions have different impacts on economic outcomes. We contribute to this literature by formulating and testing hypotheses on the effect of legal origins on corporate social responsibility, overall and in different specific dimensions. We find that, net of industry-specific effects, companies in common law countries score higher in corporate governance and community involvement, while those in countries belonging to the French legal tradition of civil law do better in human resources. We also observe no significant differences in terms of environmental protection among companies in civil and common law countries, which we attribute to a progressive convergence towards common industry sustainability standards.
Leonardo Becchetti; Rocco Ciciretti; Pierluigi Conzo. Legal Origins and Corporate Social Responsibility. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2717 .
AMA StyleLeonardo Becchetti, Rocco Ciciretti, Pierluigi Conzo. Legal Origins and Corporate Social Responsibility. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (7):2717.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeonardo Becchetti; Rocco Ciciretti; Pierluigi Conzo. 2020. "Legal Origins and Corporate Social Responsibility." Sustainability 12, no. 7: 2717.
We locate a giant ‘school report‐like’ scorecard poster with domain‐specific social and environmental responsibility scores of the ten leading world food companies, measured by the Oxfam ‘Behind the Brands’ world campaign, at the entrance of selected supermarkets. We test the impact of these scores on consumers’ choices by means of a randomized field experiment. Our findings show that the Oxfam ranking matters since the treatment has a positive and significant effect on the market share of the companies with the highest scores and a negative and significant effect on the companies placed at the lowest ranks. Invisibility matters too, with the largest non‐ranked companies selling in the store experiencing a slight fall in their market shares.
Leonardo Becchetti; Francesco Salustri; Pasquale Scaramozzino. Making Information on CSR Scores Salient: A Randomized Field Experiment. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 2019, 81, 1193 -1213.
AMA StyleLeonardo Becchetti, Francesco Salustri, Pasquale Scaramozzino. Making Information on CSR Scores Salient: A Randomized Field Experiment. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics. 2019; 81 (6):1193-1213.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeonardo Becchetti; Francesco Salustri; Pasquale Scaramozzino. 2019. "Making Information on CSR Scores Salient: A Randomized Field Experiment." Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 81, no. 6: 1193-1213.
Socially responsible consumers and investors are increasingly using their consumption and saving choices as a ‘vote with the wallet’ to award companies that are at vanguard in reconciling the creation of economic value with social and environmental sustainability. In our paper, we model the vote with the wallet as a multiplayer prisoner’s dilemma, outline equilibria and possible solutions to the related coordination failure problem in evolutionary games, apply our analysis to domains in which the vote with the wallet is empirically more relevant, and provide policy suggestions.
Leonardo Becchetti; Francesco Salustri. The Vote with the Wallet Game: Responsible Consumerism as a Multiplayer Prisoner’s Dilemma. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1109 .
AMA StyleLeonardo Becchetti, Francesco Salustri. The Vote with the Wallet Game: Responsible Consumerism as a Multiplayer Prisoner’s Dilemma. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (4):1109.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeonardo Becchetti; Francesco Salustri. 2019. "The Vote with the Wallet Game: Responsible Consumerism as a Multiplayer Prisoner’s Dilemma." Sustainability 11, no. 4: 1109.
An implication of our findings is that the issuer’s reputation or green third-party verifications are essential to reduce informational asymmetries, avoid suspicion of green (bond)-washing, and produce relatively more convenient financing conditions.
Maria Jua Bachelet; Leonardo Becchetti; Stefano Manfredonia. The Green Bonds Premium Puzzle: The Role of Issuer Characteristics and Third-Party Verification. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1098 .
AMA StyleMaria Jua Bachelet, Leonardo Becchetti, Stefano Manfredonia. The Green Bonds Premium Puzzle: The Role of Issuer Characteristics and Third-Party Verification. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (4):1098.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Jua Bachelet; Leonardo Becchetti; Stefano Manfredonia. 2019. "The Green Bonds Premium Puzzle: The Role of Issuer Characteristics and Third-Party Verification." Sustainability 11, no. 4: 1098.
We investigate the nexus between poverty of sense of life (a dimension of eudaimonic subjective wellbeing) and mortality in a large sample of individuals from several European countries. We find that poverty of sense of life is significantly and positively correlated with mortality, net of the impact of socio-demographic factors, life styles, symptoms and even life and health satisfaction controls. We as well test whether the observed correlation is mainly explained by physiological factors or, as well, by behavioural factors such as unhealthy life styles and/or insufficient physical activity.
Leonardo Becchetti; Maria Bachelet; Fabio Pisani. Poor eudaimonic subjective wellbeing as a mortality risk factor. Economia Politica 2018, 36, 245 -272.
AMA StyleLeonardo Becchetti, Maria Bachelet, Fabio Pisani. Poor eudaimonic subjective wellbeing as a mortality risk factor. Economia Politica. 2018; 36 (1):245-272.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeonardo Becchetti; Maria Bachelet; Fabio Pisani. 2018. "Poor eudaimonic subjective wellbeing as a mortality risk factor." Economia Politica 36, no. 1: 245-272.
En el 50º aniversario de la publicación de la Encíclica Populorum Progressio, y frente a un escenario de política económica y comercial internacional caracterizado por unas crecientes fuerzas aislacionistas, el sector financiero propone una reflexión sobre la urgente necesidad de cambiar su paradigma funcional. Las reflexiones de la encíclica vuelven a ser de gran actualidad sobre todo en su atención hacia la cooperación entre pueblos y naciones en el mundo y el derecho de estos últimos al bienestar y al desarrollo humano integral. En la raíz de los problemas económicos y financieros de la economía global, encontramos tres enfermedades “filosóficas” que representan tres visiones distorsionadas de la persona, de la empresa y del valor. En contraposición proponemos las alternativas de los fondos éticos, la tutela de la biodiversidad bancaria, el voto con la cartera y una especial atención para los sistemas de remuneración de las figuras de poder en los bancos, empresas e intermediarios financieros.
Leonardo Becchetti; Massimo Cermelli. Empresas financieras y desarrollo humano integral. Revista de Fomento Social 2018, 325 -348.
AMA StyleLeonardo Becchetti, Massimo Cermelli. Empresas financieras y desarrollo humano integral. Revista de Fomento Social. 2018; ():325-348.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeonardo Becchetti; Massimo Cermelli. 2018. "Empresas financieras y desarrollo humano integral." Revista de Fomento Social , no. : 325-348.
The civil economy paradigm presented in this paper has two main characteristics. First, it identifies the philosophical roots of the limits of our socioeconomic system in the reductionist views of human beings, corporations, and well-being. The three reductionist views not only fail to capture an important part of the reality, but also produce poverty of sense of life (also defined as eudaimonic well-being) and of life satisfaction, thereby generating a suboptimal level of well-being. The civil economy paradigm proposes an alternative where it is acknowledged that (1) part of the individuals depart from purely self-regarding preferences and develop other-regarding and relational skills enabling them to overcome social dilemmas, (2) part of the productive system depart from the profit maximization paradigm and aim to satisfy the interests of a wider range of stakeholders beyond shareholders, and (3) well-being is, beyond GDP, the stock of cultural, environmental, spiritual, and economic resources that a community can enjoy. The second qualifying point of the civil economy paradigm is that it proposes a richer four-hand approach to political economy (as an alternative to the traditional two-hand approach) where actions of the traditional invisible hand of the market and the visible hand of institutions in solving failures are complemented and supported by the complementary action of the two additional hands of grassroot citizens’ participation and socially and environmentally responsible companies. In our paper, we explain and document that these two additional hands are already at work, thereby confirming that the reductionist hypothesis on individuals and corporations is rejected by empirical evidence. In the paper, we argue that the civil economy paradigm, by increasing social participation and generativity of all actors, has the power of bridging the gap between the current suboptimal and the socially optimal sense of life (well described in the concept of “common good”). We as well provide evidence showing that the paradigm is far from being unrealistic and that its sprouts are already working in several fields of our society, preparing a more thorough transformation and full replacement of the old paradigm at a theoretical level that is near to come.
Leonardo Becchetti; Massimo Cermelli. Civil economy: definition and strategies for sustainable well-living. International Review of Economics 2018, 65, 329 -357.
AMA StyleLeonardo Becchetti, Massimo Cermelli. Civil economy: definition and strategies for sustainable well-living. International Review of Economics. 2018; 65 (3):329-357.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeonardo Becchetti; Massimo Cermelli. 2018. "Civil economy: definition and strategies for sustainable well-living." International Review of Economics 65, no. 3: 329-357.
We use the vote-with-the-wallet game to model socially or environmentally responsible consumption, an increasingly relevant but still under-researched phenomenon. Based on a theoretical model outlining game equilibria and the parametric interval of the related multiplayer prisoners’ dilemma we evaluate with a controlled lab experiment players’ behaviour in the game and test the effects of an ex post redistribution mechanism between defectors and cooperators. Our findings document that the redistribution mechanism interrupts cooperation decay and stabilizes the share of cooperators at a level significantly higher, even though inferior to the Nash equilibrium.
Leonardo Becchetti; Vittorio Pelligra; Francesco Salustri. The impact of redistribution mechanisms in the vote with the wallet game: experimental results. Social Choice and Welfare 2018, 51, 595 -619.
AMA StyleLeonardo Becchetti, Vittorio Pelligra, Francesco Salustri. The impact of redistribution mechanisms in the vote with the wallet game: experimental results. Social Choice and Welfare. 2018; 51 (4):595-619.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeonardo Becchetti; Vittorio Pelligra; Francesco Salustri. 2018. "The impact of redistribution mechanisms in the vote with the wallet game: experimental results." Social Choice and Welfare 51, no. 4: 595-619.
A typical argument in the literature is that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reduces the risk of conflicts with stakeholders. In accordance to this, we test whether: (i) domain specific CSR portfolios present pricing anomalies that could be captured by the introduction of risk factors accounting for exposition to stakeholder risk, (ii) this risk source is priced in the cross-section of stock returns. In doing so we are particularly cautious in disentangling the contributions of different CSR domains in generating the pricing anomalies. Our findings show the existence of pricing anomalies related to CSR, which vary in numbers across all the domains under analysis. Even if our domain-specific CSR risk factors are not able to capture all pricing anomalies, we find that they reduce their absolute value. Additionally, our results show that the stakeholder risk is priced in the cross-section of returns, and that such additional risk source presents different premiums for each domain.
Leonardo Becchetti; Rocco Ciciretti; Ambrogio Dalò. Fishing the Corporate Social Responsibility risk factors. Journal of Financial Stability 2018, 37, 25 -48.
AMA StyleLeonardo Becchetti, Rocco Ciciretti, Ambrogio Dalò. Fishing the Corporate Social Responsibility risk factors. Journal of Financial Stability. 2018; 37 ():25-48.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeonardo Becchetti; Rocco Ciciretti; Ambrogio Dalò. 2018. "Fishing the Corporate Social Responsibility risk factors." Journal of Financial Stability 37, no. : 25-48.
We use an original variant of the standard trust game, in order to study the effect of corruption on trust and trustworthiness. In this game, both the trustor and the trustee know that part of the surplus they can generate may be captured by a third “corrupted” player under different expected costs of audit and prosecution. We find slightly higher trustor’s giving in presence of corruption, matched by a significant effect of excess reciprocity from the trustee. Both the trustor and the trustee expect on average corruption acting as a tax, inelastic to changes in the risk of corruptor audit. Expectations are correct for the inelasticity assumption, and for the actual value of the “corruption tax”. Our experimental findings lead to the rejection of four standard hypotheses based on purely self-regarding preferences. We discuss how the apparently paradoxical excess reciprocity effect is consistent with the cultural role of heroes in history where examples of commendable giving were used to stimulate emulation of the ordinary people. Our results suggest that the excess reciprocity component of the trustee makes trustor’s excess giving a rational and effective strategy.
Leonardo Becchetti; Luca Corazzini; Vittorio Pelligra. We Can Be Heroes Trust and Resilience in Corrupted Economic Environments. SSRN Electronic Journal 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleLeonardo Becchetti, Luca Corazzini, Vittorio Pelligra. We Can Be Heroes Trust and Resilience in Corrupted Economic Environments. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeonardo Becchetti; Luca Corazzini; Vittorio Pelligra. 2018. "We Can Be Heroes Trust and Resilience in Corrupted Economic Environments." SSRN Electronic Journal , no. : 1.
We devise a ‘nudging’ natural experiment to test the impact of a simple form of advertising on environmentally responsible products with/without the increase of the responsible product price. We find that the simple use of a small shelf-poster explaining the importance of buying a green product (with/without a concurring price increase) generates significant changes in market shares for some of the product classes for both food and non-food products. Part of the effect is generated by the reduced price elasticity of consumers to the poster-plus-price-increase treatment.
Leonardo Becchetti; Francesco Salustri; Pasquale Scaramozzino. Nudging and Environmental Corporate Responsibility: A Natural Experiment. SSRN Electronic Journal 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleLeonardo Becchetti, Francesco Salustri, Pasquale Scaramozzino. Nudging and Environmental Corporate Responsibility: A Natural Experiment. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeonardo Becchetti; Francesco Salustri; Pasquale Scaramozzino. 2018. "Nudging and Environmental Corporate Responsibility: A Natural Experiment." SSRN Electronic Journal , no. : 1.
Leonardo Becchetti; Francesco Salustri; Vittorio Pelligra; Alejandra Vasquez. Gender differences in socially responsible consumption. An experimental investigation. Applied Economics 2018, 50, 3630 -3643.
AMA StyleLeonardo Becchetti, Francesco Salustri, Vittorio Pelligra, Alejandra Vasquez. Gender differences in socially responsible consumption. An experimental investigation. Applied Economics. 2018; 50 (33):3630-3643.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeonardo Becchetti; Francesco Salustri; Vittorio Pelligra; Alejandra Vasquez. 2018. "Gender differences in socially responsible consumption. An experimental investigation." Applied Economics 50, no. 33: 3630-3643.
We develop an online survey to investigate the characteristics of slot/videopoker players and scratchers (individuals buying tickets of scratch-off lotteries). We find evidence of a negative relationship between gambling and financial literacy. More specifically, after controlling for gender, education, income, employment status and area of residence: (1) slot and/or videopoker players have an 8% lower probability of answering correctly to all of the three standard financial education questions; (2) scratch-off players have a 10% lower probability of answering correctly to the (third) mutual fund risk diversification question, (3) a correct answer to all financial education questions raises by 14% the probability of declaring unwillingness to play due to lack of economic convenience. Scratch-off players are as well more impatient and more likely to sacrifice expected value for positive skewness and they overestimate the probability of winning at least the price of the ticket. Our findings suggest that scratchers and slot/videopoker players may be unable to evaluate the overall consequences of gambling on their economic wellbeing due to their lower financial education.
Leonardo Becchetti; Davide Bellucci; Fiammetta Rossetti. Gamblers, scratchers and their financial education. Economia Politica 2018, 35, 127 -162.
AMA StyleLeonardo Becchetti, Davide Bellucci, Fiammetta Rossetti. Gamblers, scratchers and their financial education. Economia Politica. 2018; 35 (1):127-162.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeonardo Becchetti; Davide Bellucci; Fiammetta Rossetti. 2018. "Gamblers, scratchers and their financial education." Economia Politica 35, no. 1: 127-162.