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In recent years, research and publication activity in the field of small and medium-sized cities (SMSCs) in an international context has been increasing. However, a survey of extant research remains missing. To bridge this gap, this paper presents a systematic and comprehensive review of the relevant literature revealing how various disciplines, from geography to economics, approach the topic from different perspectives, which can be related to various foci of sustainability. Empirical results show that the development and significance of SMSCs are influenced by spatial location and innovative activity, networking, and the intensity of cooperation with other cities. Additionally, transport infrastructure connections, control through network-related spatial planning approaches, and exceptional positioning of individual architectural buildings can play a decisive role. However, there is no singular understanding of SMSCs, with many different research perspectives distinguishable.
Madeleine Wagner; Anna Growe. Research on Small and Medium-Sized Towns: Framing a New Field of Inquiry. World 2021, 2, 105 -126.
AMA StyleMadeleine Wagner, Anna Growe. Research on Small and Medium-Sized Towns: Framing a New Field of Inquiry. World. 2021; 2 (1):105-126.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMadeleine Wagner; Anna Growe. 2021. "Research on Small and Medium-Sized Towns: Framing a New Field of Inquiry." World 2, no. 1: 105-126.
Anna Growe. Book Review: Zimmermann, Karsten; Galland, Daniel; Harrison, John (eds.) (2020): Metropolitan Regions, Planning and Governance. Cham: Springer-Verlag, 270 pages. Raumforschung und Raumordnung | Spatial Research and Planning 2020, 78, 509 -511.
AMA StyleAnna Growe. Book Review: Zimmermann, Karsten; Galland, Daniel; Harrison, John (eds.) (2020): Metropolitan Regions, Planning and Governance. Cham: Springer-Verlag, 270 pages. Raumforschung und Raumordnung | Spatial Research and Planning. 2020; 78 (5):509-511.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Growe. 2020. "Book Review: Zimmermann, Karsten; Galland, Daniel; Harrison, John (eds.) (2020): Metropolitan Regions, Planning and Governance. Cham: Springer-Verlag, 270 pages." Raumforschung und Raumordnung | Spatial Research and Planning 78, no. 5: 509-511.
This study identifies three types of legitimation from the literature that can be applied within metropolitan governance in the contested sphere of spatial planning: input legitimation, throughput legitimation, and output legitimation. The reason for discussing different forms of legitimation within metropolitan governance is that, globally, only a relatively few metropolitan regions are governed directly through a single elected tier of government such as a regional council. Thus, governance mechanisms in most metropolitan regions involve some form of joint working or cross border governance initiatives that have to be legitimized in the absence of a single overarching elected council covering the whole metropolitan area. The main question discussed in this paper is, therefore, whether all three types of legitimation identified are utilized to legitimize governance mechanisms at the metropolitan scale with a specific focus—as a core part of metropolitan governance—on spatial planning processes and projects. In conceptual terms, our typology structures fuzzy lines of legitimation across the three (the “how”, “who” and “what”) suggested aspects of metropolitan governance in the literature. From this point, we draw on cross-case reviews of variables involved in the design, application, and outcome of input, throughput, and output legitimation in Germany and England, chosen because neither has a formal tier of metropolitan-wide government despite their differences in terms of their highly regionalised and highly centralised national government contexts respectively. This relational methodology helps us to learn about the contextual dynamics of how the three types of legitimation might reinforce one another in different international settings, leading to the overall conclusion that they will work best in combination, although output legitimation has a distinctive capacity to work in less formal settings.
Anna Growe; Mark Baker; Abbas Ziafati Bafarasat. The Legitimation of Planning Processes as a Challenge to Metropolitan Governance. Administrative Sciences 2020, 10, 1 .
AMA StyleAnna Growe, Mark Baker, Abbas Ziafati Bafarasat. The Legitimation of Planning Processes as a Challenge to Metropolitan Governance. Administrative Sciences. 2020; 10 (2):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Growe; Mark Baker; Abbas Ziafati Bafarasat. 2020. "The Legitimation of Planning Processes as a Challenge to Metropolitan Governance." Administrative Sciences 10, no. 2: 1.
The principles of sustainability are currently applied in Germany and many other countries as important guidelines for urban development. However, different forms of understanding regarding sustainable development and different approaches concerning its implementation can be found in various spatial contexts. This paper focuses on Freiburg, Heidelberg and Tübingen, three cities in southwestern Germany. These cities produce different images due to ambitious urban development plans which are based on the three pillars of ecological, economic and social sustainability in different ways. Numerous similarities between these three cities notwithstanding, they highlight different aspects of sustainable urban development and emphasise them via particularly widespread awareness of ‘showcase projects’. For Freiburg, this includes Vauban and Rieselfeld, for Heidelberg Bahnstadt, and for Tübingen Französisches Viertel and Loretto. The central questions in this paper are therefore: How do images and the implementation of sustainability differ with regard to the three pillars of sustainability? How can differences and similarities with regard to the three pillars of sustainability be explained and what consequences can be drawn for future studies in sustainable urban development? Following a classification of research perspectives on sustainable urban development, distinguishing between more practically oriented aspects, on the one hand, and theory-based critical considerations, on the other, this article examines showcase projects from the three selected cities on the basis of planning documents, websites, local newspapers and academic literature. Moreover, further projects are taken into consideration. The paper concludes with general observations and discussions concerning the image and implementation of sustainable urban development.
Anna Growe; Tim Freytag. Image and implementation of sustainable urban development: Showcase projects and other projects in Freiburg, Heidelberg and Tübingen, Germany. Raumforschung und Raumordnung | Spatial Research and Planning 2020, 77, 457 -474.
AMA StyleAnna Growe, Tim Freytag. Image and implementation of sustainable urban development: Showcase projects and other projects in Freiburg, Heidelberg and Tübingen, Germany. Raumforschung und Raumordnung | Spatial Research and Planning. 2020; 77 (5):457-474.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Growe; Tim Freytag. 2020. "Image and implementation of sustainable urban development: Showcase projects and other projects in Freiburg, Heidelberg and Tübingen, Germany." Raumforschung und Raumordnung | Spatial Research and Planning 77, no. 5: 457-474.
Zusammenfassung Co-Working-Spaces fungieren mittlerweile in vielen Städten als neue Arbeitsorte für Wissens- und Kreativarbeit. Dieser Beitrag setzt sich am Beispiel Heidelberg mit möglichen Wechselwirkungen von Co-Working-Spaces und dem Quartier auseinander und unterscheidet dazu zwei Typen von Co-Working-Spaces: Solche, die durch Offenheit und Zugänglichkeit als Third Spaces und somit als Treffpunkt im Quartier wirken, sowie jene, die sich – einer High-Investment-Logik folgend – primär an den geschlossenen NutzerInnenkreis der Co-Working-Spaces selbst richten und somit keine Treffpunktfunktion für das Quartier haben. Aus Sicht der Quartiersentwicklung können beide Typen die lokale Ökonomie stärken, da sie neue Angebote für die Wissens- und Kreativarbeit bereitstellen und ihre NutzerInnen zusätzliche Nachfrage im Quartier generieren. Co-Working-Spaces, die als Third Spaces fungieren, können darüber hinaus Anknüpfungspunkte für die Quartiersentwicklung bieten, da ihre BetreiberInnen ein gesteigertes Interesse an einem engen Austausch mit der lokalen Ökonomie und an der Entwicklung ihrer unmittelbaren Umgebung haben.
Anna Growe; Sebastian Henn; Christine Scheffer. Co-Working-Spaces als Treffpunkte – Impulse für die Quartiersentwicklung? Das Beispiel Heidelberg. Standort 2020, 44, 73 -79.
AMA StyleAnna Growe, Sebastian Henn, Christine Scheffer. Co-Working-Spaces als Treffpunkte – Impulse für die Quartiersentwicklung? Das Beispiel Heidelberg. Standort. 2020; 44 (2):73-79.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Growe; Sebastian Henn; Christine Scheffer. 2020. "Co-Working-Spaces als Treffpunkte – Impulse für die Quartiersentwicklung? Das Beispiel Heidelberg." Standort 44, no. 2: 73-79.
Anna Growe; Sebastian Henn. Temporäre räumliche Nähe – Akteure, Orte und Interaktionen. Raumforschung und Raumordnung | Spatial Research and Planning 2020, 78, 1 -3.
AMA StyleAnna Growe, Sebastian Henn. Temporäre räumliche Nähe – Akteure, Orte und Interaktionen. Raumforschung und Raumordnung | Spatial Research and Planning. 2020; 78 (1):1-3.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Growe; Sebastian Henn. 2020. "Temporäre räumliche Nähe – Akteure, Orte und Interaktionen." Raumforschung und Raumordnung | Spatial Research and Planning 78, no. 1: 1-3.
The objective of this paper is to understand the role of small and medium-sized cities as economic locations, and as potential anchor locations, in grounding processes of regional urbanization in the knowledge economy. Based on quantitative occupational data, the deconcentration processes of knowledge-intensive business activities are analyzed for the Greater Stuttgart Region in southern Germany. The way in which the different knowledge bases used in knowledge-intensive business activities influence spatial patterns of economic activity in the surrounding area of the core city, including small and medium-sized towns, is discussed. The knowledge bases differentiated in this paper are analytical, synthetic and symbolic knowledge.
Madeleine Wagner; Anna Growe. Regional Urbanization and Knowledge-Intensive Business Activities (KIBS): An Example of Small and Medium-Sized Cities in the Greater Stuttgart Region (Germany). Urban Science 2019, 4, 1 .
AMA StyleMadeleine Wagner, Anna Growe. Regional Urbanization and Knowledge-Intensive Business Activities (KIBS): An Example of Small and Medium-Sized Cities in the Greater Stuttgart Region (Germany). Urban Science. 2019; 4 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMadeleine Wagner; Anna Growe. 2019. "Regional Urbanization and Knowledge-Intensive Business Activities (KIBS): An Example of Small and Medium-Sized Cities in the Greater Stuttgart Region (Germany)." Urban Science 4, no. 1: 1.
The objective of this paper is to understand how work processes and the quality of physical places support creative knowledge generation. The creation of knowledge is linked to both social space and physical place, and is influenced by steady socio-spatial dynamics. In workplaces, the space-time dynamics of knowledge creation coincide with the physical characteristics of place. On the basis of qualitative interviews with Design thinking workshop facilitators, as well as participants, the influence of three types of creative support (psychosocial, inspirational and functional) is linked to the elements of place, people and process in this specific innovation method. This paper discusses in which ways place, people and process contribute to creating a creativity-enhancing workspace and inspiring atmosphere in temporary spatial proximity. Eventisation of the innovation process, and interaction in temporary spatial proximity, are important prerequisites for keeping knowledge creation exciting.
Madeleine Wagner; Anna Growe. Creativity-enhancing work environments: Eventisation through an inspiring work atmosphere in temporary proximity. Raumforschung und Raumordnung | Spatial Research and Planning 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleMadeleine Wagner, Anna Growe. Creativity-enhancing work environments: Eventisation through an inspiring work atmosphere in temporary proximity. Raumforschung und Raumordnung | Spatial Research and Planning. 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMadeleine Wagner; Anna Growe. 2019. "Creativity-enhancing work environments: Eventisation through an inspiring work atmosphere in temporary proximity." Raumforschung und Raumordnung | Spatial Research and Planning , no. : 1.
Propelled by the increasing global competition for location qualities and production factors of (economic) regions in the age of globalization, regional councils have been introduced on sub-national levels in a number of countries. However, the conditions to develop and to govern these regional spaces vary massively in global comparison. Based on three types of elements for the well-functioning of regional councils, in this study, ten regional councils across the globe have been analysed and compared by carrying out qualitative web researches and expert’s interviews. Results show that although huge differences between the political organizations in the globally selected case studies exist, two main forms and two sub-types of councils—with a specific functional orientation—can be identified. The aim of the paper is to provide an analytical framework that can be used in analysing regional councils or in processes to develop regional councils further.
Anna Growe; Marilu Jemming. Regional Councils in a Global Context: Council Types and Council Elements. Urban Science 2019, 3, 22 .
AMA StyleAnna Growe, Marilu Jemming. Regional Councils in a Global Context: Council Types and Council Elements. Urban Science. 2019; 3 (1):22.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Growe; Marilu Jemming. 2019. "Regional Councils in a Global Context: Council Types and Council Elements." Urban Science 3, no. 1: 22.
Under conditions of climate change, land-use conflicts are a significant challenge for spatial planning, especially in densely populated metropolitan regions. By using a multi-methodological approach, this study aims to identify different stakeholders’ perceptions of these spaces in planning processes within urban areas in Germany. We use an ecosystem service analysis to evaluate the ecological potential of each selected study area and conducted a household survey to gauge how the local population and administration perceive them. The perceptions of these two groups of stakeholders regarding each area’s spatial qualities often differed from their actual ecological potential. We conducted interviews to identify possible conflicts between politicians and administration staff. While cooperation between politicians and the administration staff takes place and works well, the stakeholders involved often evaluate and perceive the cooperation processes in planning differently. Therefore, the authors argue that an integrative and methodologically multi-layered approach is useful for understanding complex perceptions in spatial planning.
Madeleine Wagner; Christoph Mager; Nicole Schmidt; Nina Kiese; Anna Growe. Conflicts about Urban Green Spaces in Metropolitan Areas under Conditions of Climate Change: A Multidisciplinary Analysis of Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Planning Processes. Urban Science 2019, 3, 15 .
AMA StyleMadeleine Wagner, Christoph Mager, Nicole Schmidt, Nina Kiese, Anna Growe. Conflicts about Urban Green Spaces in Metropolitan Areas under Conditions of Climate Change: A Multidisciplinary Analysis of Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Planning Processes. Urban Science. 2019; 3 (1):15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMadeleine Wagner; Christoph Mager; Nicole Schmidt; Nina Kiese; Anna Growe. 2019. "Conflicts about Urban Green Spaces in Metropolitan Areas under Conditions of Climate Change: A Multidisciplinary Analysis of Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Planning Processes." Urban Science 3, no. 1: 15.
Anna Growe. Doing global urban research. Regional Studies 2018, 53, 309 -310.
AMA StyleAnna Growe. Doing global urban research. Regional Studies. 2018; 53 (2):309-310.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Growe. 2018. "Doing global urban research." Regional Studies 53, no. 2: 309-310.
Anna Growe; Christoph Mager. Changing workplaces in the creative process in creative industries – the case of advertising and music. Erdkunde 2018, 72, 259 -271.
AMA StyleAnna Growe, Christoph Mager. Changing workplaces in the creative process in creative industries – the case of advertising and music. Erdkunde. 2018; 72 (4):259-271.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Growe; Christoph Mager. 2018. "Changing workplaces in the creative process in creative industries – the case of advertising and music." Erdkunde 72, no. 4: 259-271.
The objective of this paper is to understand temporary spatial proximity beyond temporary clusters, and to analyse rationales for the use of various spatial settings for temporary spatial proximity in the work processes of knowledge-intensive services. To contrast different types of temporary spatial proximity two basic types, ‘Meet and Mingle’ and ‘Move and Manage’, are identified. On the basis of qualitative interviews in knowledge-intensive sectors in six German cities, the distinct use of three types of spatial settings (workplaces, transit places and retreat places) to create the targeted temporary spatial proximity type of ‘Move and Manage’ is analysed. The paper discusses how such settings contribute to creating a specific atmosphere to support the work processes of knowledge-intensive services.
Anna Growe. Buzz at workplaces in knowledge-intensive service production: Spatial settings of temporary spatial proximity. European Urban and Regional Studies 2018, 26, 434 -448.
AMA StyleAnna Growe. Buzz at workplaces in knowledge-intensive service production: Spatial settings of temporary spatial proximity. European Urban and Regional Studies. 2018; 26 (4):434-448.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Growe. 2018. "Buzz at workplaces in knowledge-intensive service production: Spatial settings of temporary spatial proximity." European Urban and Regional Studies 26, no. 4: 434-448.
Anna Growe. Developing trust in face-to-face interaction of knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS). Regional Studies 2018, 53, 720 -730.
AMA StyleAnna Growe. Developing trust in face-to-face interaction of knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS). Regional Studies. 2018; 53 (5):720-730.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Growe. 2018. "Developing trust in face-to-face interaction of knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS)." Regional Studies 53, no. 5: 720-730.
Anna Growe. Where do KIBS workers work in Germany? Shifting patterns of KIBS employment in metropoles,regiopoles and industrialised hinterlands. Erdkunde 2016, 70, 201 -215.
AMA StyleAnna Growe. Where do KIBS workers work in Germany? Shifting patterns of KIBS employment in metropoles,regiopoles and industrialised hinterlands. Erdkunde. 2016; 70 (3):201-215.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Growe. 2016. "Where do KIBS workers work in Germany? Shifting patterns of KIBS employment in metropoles,regiopoles and industrialised hinterlands." Erdkunde 70, no. 3: 201-215.
Anna Growe. Megaregions. Globalization's New Urban Form? Raumforschung und Raumordnung | Spatial Research and Planning 2015, 73, 305 -307.
AMA StyleAnna Growe. Megaregions. Globalization's New Urban Form? Raumforschung und Raumordnung | Spatial Research and Planning. 2015; 73 (4):305-307.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Growe. 2015. "Megaregions. Globalization's New Urban Form?" Raumforschung und Raumordnung | Spatial Research and Planning 73, no. 4: 305-307.
This paper investigates the theoretical concept that a city is always influenced by the relations it has to its hinterland and to other cities. Taylor and colleagues point out that city‐city relations and city‐hinterland relations can be understood as two sides of a coin. Using this conception the polycentric structure and dynamics of the German urban system can be described through: (i) metropolitan functions representing city‐hinterland relations (cosmopolitanity) and (ii) a network of cities representing city‐city relations (connectivity). Measuring separately the degrees of cosmopolitanity and connectivity, we look at whether the German urban system after reunification has grown together, becoming one balanced urban system, and what role Berlin – as the new capital in the overall system – now has. The results of the two perspectives are compared and analysed.
Anna Growe; Kati Volgmann. Exploring Cosmopolitanity and Connectivity in The Polycentric German Urban System. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 2015, 107, 214 -231.
AMA StyleAnna Growe, Kati Volgmann. Exploring Cosmopolitanity and Connectivity in The Polycentric German Urban System. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie. 2015; 107 (2):214-231.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Growe; Kati Volgmann. 2015. "Exploring Cosmopolitanity and Connectivity in The Polycentric German Urban System." Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 107, no. 2: 214-231.
Going beyond the territorial/relational divide in regional studies requires researchers to do more than examine the extent to which territoriality and relationality are complementary alternatives. The variety of networked regional spaces means it is intellectually unsustainable to simply relate a single networked regional space to territory–scale without first considering how networked regional spaces interact. Illustrated through the experience of Germany, our paper demonstrates that interaction between different networked regional spaces (eg, city-regions and cross-border regions) is resulting in new networked regional imaginaries (eg, cross-border metropolitan regions). Its overall aim is to show that the production of entirely new networked spaces can assist in overcoming the contradictions present in one configuration of regions, but this only serves to create a new ‘regional problem’ requiring ever more complex configurations of regions.
John Harrison; Anna Growe. When Regions Collide: In What Sense a New ‘Regional Problem’? Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 2014, 46, 2332 -2352.
AMA StyleJohn Harrison, Anna Growe. When Regions Collide: In What Sense a New ‘Regional Problem’? Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space. 2014; 46 (10):2332-2352.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn Harrison; Anna Growe. 2014. "When Regions Collide: In What Sense a New ‘Regional Problem’?" Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 46, no. 10: 2332-2352.
Zusammenfassung Mit der Entwicklung von Knoten wissensintensiver Dienstleistungen im deutschen Städtesystem bildet sich auch ein neues Verhältnis zwischen Stadt und Umland heraus. In diesem Beitrag wird erörtert, inwieweit die Verlagerung von wissensintensiven Dienstleistungen in das stadtregionale Umland Einfluss auf das Stadt-Umland-Verhältnis im deutschen Städtesystem haben. Dabei wird überprüft, ob die Verankerung von Netzwerken durch Regionalisierungsprozesse geprägt ist und ob auch im deutschen Städtesystem ein Prozess der konzentrierten Dekonzentration beobachtet werden kann. Um den Einfluss von Regionalisierungsprozessen auf Städte als Knoten zu erfassen, werden die Veränderungen durch zwei Perspektiven (Einbettung und Vernetzung) beobachtet, die zwei Facetten von Knoten entsprechen.
Anna Growe. Regionalisierungsprozesse von wissensintensiven Dienstleistungsaktivitäten: Veränderung des Stadt-Umland-Verhältnisses im deutschen Städtesystem. Raumforschung und Raumordnung | Spatial Research and Planning 2013, 71, 129 -142.
AMA StyleAnna Growe. Regionalisierungsprozesse von wissensintensiven Dienstleistungsaktivitäten: Veränderung des Stadt-Umland-Verhältnisses im deutschen Städtesystem. Raumforschung und Raumordnung | Spatial Research and Planning. 2013; 71 (2):129-142.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Growe. 2013. "Regionalisierungsprozesse von wissensintensiven Dienstleistungsaktivitäten: Veränderung des Stadt-Umland-Verhältnisses im deutschen Städtesystem." Raumforschung und Raumordnung | Spatial Research and Planning 71, no. 2: 129-142.
Anna Growe. Emerging polycentric city-regions in Germany. Regionalisation of economic activities in metropolitan regions. Erdkunde 2012, 66, 295 -311.
AMA StyleAnna Growe. Emerging polycentric city-regions in Germany. Regionalisation of economic activities in metropolitan regions. Erdkunde. 2012; 66 (4):295-311.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Growe. 2012. "Emerging polycentric city-regions in Germany. Regionalisation of economic activities in metropolitan regions." Erdkunde 66, no. 4: 295-311.