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The mobile environment of the 2020s is experiencing a vertical video revolution. The portrait, or vertical, screen format is replacing the traditional landscape, or horizontal, format to become the default for mobile video production and consumption. With the increasing use of vertical videos, an important, yet unanswered, question is how mobile users respond to this format. Therefore, we examine the effectiveness of mobile vertical versus horizontal video advertisements in terms of consumer interest, engagement, and processing fluency, as well as the underlying mechanism of the effort of watching the video ad on a smartphone in three studies. In a large-scale field study, we demonstrate that mobile vertical video ads increase consumer interest and engagement compared to horizontal video ads. In two experimental studies, we further show that mobile users process vertical video ads more fluently than horizontal video ads. Exploring the underlying mechanism for this effect, we find that mobile users experience less effort when watching a video ad vertically (vs. horizontally) on the smartphone in full-screen, as watching a vertical video does not require turning the phone. Importantly, we find that mobile users' age moderates this indirect effect, as younger mobile users (Generation Z) process mobile vertical video ads more fluently than older Generations X and Y. This article closes with implications for theory and suggestions for mobile marketers.
Lana Mulier; Hendrik Slabbinck; Iris Vermeir. This Way Up: The Effectiveness of Mobile Vertical Video Marketing. Journal of Interactive Marketing 2021, 55, 1 -15.
AMA StyleLana Mulier, Hendrik Slabbinck, Iris Vermeir. This Way Up: The Effectiveness of Mobile Vertical Video Marketing. Journal of Interactive Marketing. 2021; 55 ():1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLana Mulier; Hendrik Slabbinck; Iris Vermeir. 2021. "This Way Up: The Effectiveness of Mobile Vertical Video Marketing." Journal of Interactive Marketing 55, no. : 1-15.
In this Special Issue, we bring together nine original research articles that demonstrate how visual cues affect consumer reactions that drive food decisions
Iris Vermeir. How Visuals Affect Food Choice. Foods 2020, 9, 1835 .
AMA StyleIris Vermeir. How Visuals Affect Food Choice. Foods. 2020; 9 (12):1835.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIris Vermeir. 2020. "How Visuals Affect Food Choice." Foods 9, no. 12: 1835.
The 2020 quarantine demonstrated that online food purchase has become one of the main protagonists of the pandemic. The present study valued the Internet as a mediator between producers and consumers with the power to create new demand for Romanian traditional food during the COVID-19 crisis. Authors aimed at carrying out an exploratory research about the online purchase of traditional foods (TFs). Within this context, the study, firstly, outlines the meaning of traditional foods in the Romanian consumers’ minds and, secondly, it identifies the variables that can predict the preference for the online purchase of TFs during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey was carried out to investigate the Romanian consumers’ perceptions (n = 223) of TFs and online purchase of TFs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Binary logistic regression tested the relationship between the preference for the online purchase of TFS (vs. in-store) and seven perceived characteristics of TFs. Results show that the preference for the online purchase of TFs during the COVID-19 pandemic can be predicted by five variables—“TFs taste”; “Effect of TFs consumption on health during the COVID-19 pandemic”; “Effect of online TFs purchase on health during the COVID-19 pandemic”; “How cheap/expensive is to buy TFS online during the COVID-19 pandemic”; and “Easiness to purchase TFS online during the COVID-19 pandemic”. It was concluded that TFs have to claim their place within this digitized landscape by finding the balance between old and new, between preferences for foods taste passed through generations and new life lifestyles at 5G speed.
Ruxandra Petrescu-Mag; Iris Vermeir; Dacinia Petrescu; Florin Crista; Ioan Banatean-Dunea. Traditional Foods at the Click of a Button: The Preference for the Online Purchase of Romanian Traditional Foods during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9956 .
AMA StyleRuxandra Petrescu-Mag, Iris Vermeir, Dacinia Petrescu, Florin Crista, Ioan Banatean-Dunea. Traditional Foods at the Click of a Button: The Preference for the Online Purchase of Romanian Traditional Foods during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (23):9956.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRuxandra Petrescu-Mag; Iris Vermeir; Dacinia Petrescu; Florin Crista; Ioan Banatean-Dunea. 2020. "Traditional Foods at the Click of a Button: The Preference for the Online Purchase of Romanian Traditional Foods during the COVID-19 Pandemic." Sustainability 12, no. 23: 9956.
Consumers choose less unhealthy food when seeing pictures of food shot in a top perspective vs. a diner’s eye perspective. These two commonly used perspectives in food pictures respectively show the food vertically downwards, or mimic the viewing point of a person sitting at a table, looking at the food in front of them on the table. Although both perspectives are frequently used in food pictures, consumers are more used to seeing their food from a diner’s eye perspective. We show that lower familiarity with seeing food in top perspective (vs. diner’s eye perspective) decreases product vividness and subsequently lowers consumers’ need for instant gratification. Hence, less unhealthy food is chosen.
Eva Meersseman; Iris Vermeir; Maggie Geuens. The effect of perspectives in food pictures on unhealthy food choices. Food Quality and Preference 2020, 89, 104140 .
AMA StyleEva Meersseman, Iris Vermeir, Maggie Geuens. The effect of perspectives in food pictures on unhealthy food choices. Food Quality and Preference. 2020; 89 ():104140.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEva Meersseman; Iris Vermeir; Maggie Geuens. 2020. "The effect of perspectives in food pictures on unhealthy food choices." Food Quality and Preference 89, no. : 104140.
The present study seeks to introduce the European Christian community to the debate on environmental degradation while displaying its important role and theological perspectives in the resolution of the environmental crisis. The fundamental question authors have asked here is if Christianity supports pro-environmental attitudes compared to other religions, in a context where religion, in general, represents the ethical foundation of our civilization and, thus, an important behavior guide. The discussion becomes all the more interesting as many voices have identified the Christian theological tradition as ecologically bankrupt, while others as a source for environmental ethics. In seeking to refute or to confirm the Lynne White’s thesis, firstly, we aimed to rediscover the biblical ecological consciousness and the theology of care. Secondly, following the literature evidence on relevant differences between countries and the influence that religion has on approaching environmental issues, we considered the religion-environmental correlation within a particular country context. For this, data from the European Values Study survey were used, by including 20 European countries. One novelty of this contribution is to highlight the influence of the legacy of the former political regime on pro-environmental attitude and religious practices. The study testifies that the search for a common language for environmental stewardship is a difficult task and fundamental to how we behave. Despite this, within this frame of discussion, we argue that Christianity, as a major social actor, co-exists with and can enhance the interest in and respect for nature.
Ruxandra Malina Petrescu-Mag; Adrian Ana; Iris Vermeir; Dacinia Crina Petrescu. Beliefs and Actions Towards an Environmental Ethical Life: The Christianity-Environment Nexus Reflected in a Cross-National Analysis. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 2020, 33, 421 -446.
AMA StyleRuxandra Malina Petrescu-Mag, Adrian Ana, Iris Vermeir, Dacinia Crina Petrescu. Beliefs and Actions Towards an Environmental Ethical Life: The Christianity-Environment Nexus Reflected in a Cross-National Analysis. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics. 2020; 33 (3-6):421-446.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRuxandra Malina Petrescu-Mag; Adrian Ana; Iris Vermeir; Dacinia Crina Petrescu. 2020. "Beliefs and Actions Towards an Environmental Ethical Life: The Christianity-Environment Nexus Reflected in a Cross-National Analysis." Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 33, no. 3-6: 421-446.
A Corrigendum onEnvironmentally Sustainable Food Consumption: A Review and Research Agenda From a Goal-Directed Perspective by Vermeir, I., Weijters, B., De Houwer, J., Geuens, M., Slabbinck, H., Spruyt, A., et al. (2020). Front. Psychol. 11:1603. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01603 The authors wish to clearly state that the framework for environmentally sustainable food consumption (ESFC) put forward in the original article was based not only on the goal-directed framework of Moors et al. (2017) but also on a more recent extension of this framework by Moors and colleagues (Moors, 2019; Köster et al., 2020). In this extended framework, Moors and colleagues provide a systematic overview of the types of problems that can arise in each of the steps of the decision process as well as types of solutions. The specific contribution of the original article lies in (a) the application of this extended framework to the domain of ESFC as a tool for organizing the literature and (b) highlighting behavioral solutions to promote ESFC. As such, the authors organized the literature in terms of the different steps put forward by Moors and colleagues and extend previous literature by identifying interventions that can help people to take these steps to accomplish ESFC. Certain expressions in the paper (e.g., “our framework”) might incorrectly give the impression that the authors created the extension of the Moors et al. (2017) framework. The authors want to clearly state that the framework and its extension was the work of Moors and colleagues. When the authors referred to “our framework” or when they wrote in the Author Contribution section that Jan De Houwer “formulated the conceptual model” in cooperation with Iris Vermeir and Bert Weijters, their intention was to refer to the framework as it was applied to ESFC. Hence, the framework put forward in the paper corresponds to the goal-directed framework developed by Moors et al. (2017); Moors (2019) and Köster et al. (2020) as applied to ESFC. The authors did indicate that they were “Following the work of Moors et al. (2017)” (p. 3) and that they “focused on the ideas proposed by Moors et al. (2017) because they provide a uniquely detailed overview of the specific components of goal-directed behavior, that is, the various decision steps that people go through, starting from when they set their goal until they accomplish it” which allowed them “to organize the literature on ESFC in terms of these different steps” (p. 3–4). However, the authors want to communicate clearly that the extension of this framework was also developed by Moors and colleagues prior to the current article. Jan De Houwer followed the extended framework and, together with Iris Vermeir and Bert Weijters, applied it in the context of ESFC. In line with these considerations, the following amendments are made to the section “A Goal-Directed Framework Applied to ESFC and Interventions to Promote ESFC” of the original article: In the first paragraph, the sentence starting with “Following the work done by Moors et al. (2017), we propose a model that posits five components” is replaced with “Following the work done by Moors et al. (2017) and Moors (2019), we propose a model that posits five components.” In the third paragraph, the sentence “This allowed us to organize the literature on ESFC in terms of these different steps.” is replaced with the following sentences: “Moreover, we followed the extension of this framework by Moors and colleagues (Moors, 2019; Köster et al., 2020) in which they provided a systematic overview of the types of problems that can arise in each of the steps of the decision process as well as types of solutions. The specific contribution of the current paper lies in (a) the application of this extended framework to the domain of ESFC as a tool for organizing the literature and (b) highlighting behavioral solutions to promote ESFC. As such, we organize the literature in terms of the different steps put forward by Moors and colleagues and extend previous literature by identifying interventions that can help people to take these steps to accomplish ESFC. When, in the remainder of this paper, we refer to “our framework” or “our conceptual model,” we thus refer to the extended framework of Moors (2019) and Köster et al. (2020) as it is applied to ESFC.” The following reference has been added to the reference section: Moors, A. (2019, January 7). Towards a goal-directed account of weak-willed behavior [Blog post]. Retrieved from: http://philosophyofbrains.com/2019/01/07/empirically-informed-approaches-to-weakness-of-will-a-brains-blog-roundtable.aspx?fbclid=IwAR1UL5uejWUnUttIuAm4dpV3ghkC4i1Xn4x0xQVlxnLU4jDOu6iREiBwxgI (also available on: doi: 10.23668/psycharchives.3126). The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated. Köster, M., Moors, A., De Houwer, J., Ross-Hellauer, R., and Verbruggen, F. (2020). Behavioral reluctance in adopting open access publishing: insights from a goal-directed perspective. PsychArchives [Preprint]. doi: 10.23668/psycharchives.4192 CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Moors, A. (2019). Towards a Goal-Directed Account of Weak-Willed Behavior [Blog post]. Retrieved from: http://philosophyofbrains.com/2019/01/07/empirically-informed-approaches-to-weakness-of-will-a-brains-blog-roundtable.aspx?fbclid=IwAR1UL5uejWUnUttIuAm4dpV3ghkC4i1Xn4x0xQVlxnLU4jDOu6iREiBwxgI PubMed Abstract | Google Scholar Moors, A., Boddez, Y., and De Houwer, J. (2017). The power of goal-directed processes in the causation of emotional and other actions. Emot. Rev. 9, 310–318. doi: 10.1177/1754073916669595 CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Keywords: environmental sustainable...
Iris Vermeir; Bert Weijters; Jan De Houwer; Maggie Geuens; Hendrik Slabbinck; Adriaan Spruyt; Anneleen Van Kerckhove; Wendy Van Lippevelde; Hans De Steur; Wim Verbeke. Corrigendum: Environmentally Sustainable Food Consumption: A Review and Research Agenda From a Goal-Directed Perspective. Frontiers in Psychology 2020, 11, 585387 .
AMA StyleIris Vermeir, Bert Weijters, Jan De Houwer, Maggie Geuens, Hendrik Slabbinck, Adriaan Spruyt, Anneleen Van Kerckhove, Wendy Van Lippevelde, Hans De Steur, Wim Verbeke. Corrigendum: Environmentally Sustainable Food Consumption: A Review and Research Agenda From a Goal-Directed Perspective. Frontiers in Psychology. 2020; 11 ():585387.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIris Vermeir; Bert Weijters; Jan De Houwer; Maggie Geuens; Hendrik Slabbinck; Adriaan Spruyt; Anneleen Van Kerckhove; Wendy Van Lippevelde; Hans De Steur; Wim Verbeke. 2020. "Corrigendum: Environmentally Sustainable Food Consumption: A Review and Research Agenda From a Goal-Directed Perspective." Frontiers in Psychology 11, no. : 585387.
This review aims to tackle the challenge of understanding how visual design cues can affect behavioural outcomes in a food context. The review answers two key questions: (1) What are the effects of the most important visual design cues on behavioural outcomes and how can they be explained? (2) What are the research gaps in this area? We start from a comprehensive taxonomy of visual design cues delineating the most important visual design cues. Next, we evaluate the extant research based on a structured, narrative literature review on visual design cues in the food domain. We differentiate between object processed and spatially processed visual design cues in food choice contexts and show how they affect behavioural outcomes through a range of psychological processes (attention, affective-, cognitive- and motivational reactions, food perceptions and attitudes). We end with recommendations which take into account the current food store context, the state-of-art in measuring psychological processes and behavioural outcomes and the specific food-, person- and context-related moderators. This review offers guidance for research to untangle the complexity of the effect of visual design cues in a food choice context.
Iris Vermeir; Gudrun Roose. Visual Design Cues Impacting Food Choice: A Review and Future Research Agenda. Foods 2020, 9, 1495 .
AMA StyleIris Vermeir, Gudrun Roose. Visual Design Cues Impacting Food Choice: A Review and Future Research Agenda. Foods. 2020; 9 (10):1495.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIris Vermeir; Gudrun Roose. 2020. "Visual Design Cues Impacting Food Choice: A Review and Future Research Agenda." Foods 9, no. 10: 1495.
Making healthier food choices easier at the time of purchase is a challenge for public policy makers. The Nutri-Score can be an effective tool for guiding and steering consumers toward more informed, healthier purchasing decisions. This research investigates the impact of the presence of the Nutri-Score and its five categories on consumers’ perceived healthiness perceptions and purchase intentions. Consumers in the EU took part in two online experiments, in which they rated products from different categories, with or without Nutri-Scores, in terms of their perceived healthiness and purchase intentions. The presence of the Nutri-Score enabled respondents to assess the healthiness of products better; furthermore, it offers the potential to boost sales of healthy products, without affecting sales of unhealthy products. Perceived healthiness mediates the relationship between Nutri-Score categories and purchase intentions, and focusing on the healthiness of products can give producers a competitive advantage, regardless of whether it is a manufacturer brand or a private label. These findings offer actionable insights for public policy makers and manufacturers; they also suggest the need to embrace the Nutri-Score as the standard front-of-pack label to help fight the increasing obesity pandemic.
Joyce De Temmerman; Eva Heeremans; Hendrik Slabbinck; Iris Vermeir. The impact of the Nutri-Score nutrition label on perceived healthiness and purchase intentions. Appetite 2020, 157, 104995 .
AMA StyleJoyce De Temmerman, Eva Heeremans, Hendrik Slabbinck, Iris Vermeir. The impact of the Nutri-Score nutrition label on perceived healthiness and purchase intentions. Appetite. 2020; 157 ():104995.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoyce De Temmerman; Eva Heeremans; Hendrik Slabbinck; Iris Vermeir. 2020. "The impact of the Nutri-Score nutrition label on perceived healthiness and purchase intentions." Appetite 157, no. : 104995.
This paper explores the benefits of measuring emotions and their dynamic nature during the customer experience with neurophysiological measures. In this study, emotions are measured during a service interaction (with self-service technology or a human employee) going through a series of touchpoints, including a service failure. We show that creating a loyalty card with the help of a service employee or self-service technology did not impact customers’ perceived service satisfaction and their behavioral intentions. This paper demonstrates that neurophysiological measures such as Galvanic Skin Response might be better equipped to unveil the dynamic nature of emotions (e.g., arousal) during the customer experience and that valence measured by neurophysiological tools (using electroencephalography) better reconciles with the effect found for satisfaction and behavioral intentions. Our findings have implications for both researchers and practitioners who want to understand and bolster customer experiences, thereby taking customer emotions and its appropriate measurement tools into consideration.
Nanouk Verhulst; Iris Vermeir; Hendrik Slabbinck; Bart Larivière; Maurizio Mauri; Vincenzo Russo. A neurophysiological exploration of the dynamic nature of emotions during the customer experience. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 2020, 57, 102217 .
AMA StyleNanouk Verhulst, Iris Vermeir, Hendrik Slabbinck, Bart Larivière, Maurizio Mauri, Vincenzo Russo. A neurophysiological exploration of the dynamic nature of emotions during the customer experience. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services. 2020; 57 ():102217.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNanouk Verhulst; Iris Vermeir; Hendrik Slabbinck; Bart Larivière; Maurizio Mauri; Vincenzo Russo. 2020. "A neurophysiological exploration of the dynamic nature of emotions during the customer experience." Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 57, no. : 102217.
The challenge of convincing people to change their eating habits toward more environmentally sustainable food consumption (ESFC) patterns is becoming increasingly pressing. Food preferences, choices and eating habits are notoriously hard to change as they are a central aspect of people’s lifestyles and their socio-cultural environment. Many people already hold positive attitudes toward sustainable food, but the notable gap between favorable attitudes and actual purchase and consumption of more sustainable food products remains to be bridged. The current work aims to (1) present a comprehensive theoretical framework for future research on ESFC, and (2) highlight behavioral solutions for environmental challenges in the food domain from an interdisciplinary perspective. First, starting from the premise that food consumption is deliberately or unintentionally directed at attaining goals, a goal-directed framework for understanding and influencing ESFC is built. To engage in goal-directed behavior, people typically go through a series of sequential steps. The proposed theoretical framework makes explicit the sequential steps or hurdles that need to be taken for consumers to engage in ESFC. Consumers need to positively value the environment, discern a discrepancy between the desired versus the actual state of the environment, opt for action to reduce the experienced discrepancy, intend to engage in behavior that is expected to bring them closer to the desired end state, and act in accordance with their intention. Second, a critical review of the literature on mechanisms that underlie and explain ESFC (or the lack thereof) in high-income countries is presented and integrated into the goal-directed framework. This contribution thus combines a top-down conceptualization with a bottom-up literature review; it identifies and discusses factors that might hold people back from ESFC and interventions that might promote ESFC; and it reveals knowledge gaps as well as insights on how to encourage both short- and long-term ESFC by confronting extant literature with the theoretical framework. Altogether, the analysis yields a set of 33 future research questions in the interdisciplinary food domain that deserve to be addressed with the aim of fostering ESFC in the short and long term.
Iris Vermeir; Bert Weijters; Jan De Houwer; Maggie Geuens; Hendrik Slabbinck; Adriaan Spruyt; Anneleen Van Kerckhove; Wendy Van Lippevelde; Hans De Steur; Wim Verbeke. Environmentally Sustainable Food Consumption: A Review and Research Agenda From a Goal-Directed Perspective. Frontiers in Psychology 2020, 11, 1603 .
AMA StyleIris Vermeir, Bert Weijters, Jan De Houwer, Maggie Geuens, Hendrik Slabbinck, Adriaan Spruyt, Anneleen Van Kerckhove, Wendy Van Lippevelde, Hans De Steur, Wim Verbeke. Environmentally Sustainable Food Consumption: A Review and Research Agenda From a Goal-Directed Perspective. Frontiers in Psychology. 2020; 11 ():1603.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIris Vermeir; Bert Weijters; Jan De Houwer; Maggie Geuens; Hendrik Slabbinck; Adriaan Spruyt; Anneleen Van Kerckhove; Wendy Van Lippevelde; Hans De Steur; Wim Verbeke. 2020. "Environmentally Sustainable Food Consumption: A Review and Research Agenda From a Goal-Directed Perspective." Frontiers in Psychology 11, no. : 1603.
The last few decades testify that consumers’ concerns for healthier lifestyles and environment care are driving forces for reshaping food buying intentions and their perspectives on food quality. The present study identifies the importance that consumers attach to quality, health, and environment selected cues of purchased food products. More precisely, to elicit preferences for social, environmental, and qualitative food cues, a survey instrument was developed and applied on 797 Belgian and Romanian consumers. Our findings suggest that investigated consumers most frequently use freshness, taste, and appearance to evaluate food quality. The use frequency of food quality cues related to health is primarily influenced by the attention paid to food quality. The most relevant cues of food healthiness are ingredients, nutrition facts, and additives and for food environmental impact are packaging, food origin, and production type. It is concluded that food quality receives high attention both from Belgian and Romanian consumers and health and environment related cues can be used as a means of improving consumer health and environmental protection.
Dacinia Crina Petrescu; Iris Vermeir; Ruxandra Malina Petrescu-Mag. Consumer Understanding of Food Quality, Healthiness, and Environmental Impact: A Cross-National Perspective. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 17, 169 .
AMA StyleDacinia Crina Petrescu, Iris Vermeir, Ruxandra Malina Petrescu-Mag. Consumer Understanding of Food Quality, Healthiness, and Environmental Impact: A Cross-National Perspective. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 17 (1):169.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDacinia Crina Petrescu; Iris Vermeir; Ruxandra Malina Petrescu-Mag. 2019. "Consumer Understanding of Food Quality, Healthiness, and Environmental Impact: A Cross-National Perspective." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 1: 169.
Is it possible to nudge consumers to swap their chicken sandwich for a meat substitute? A field study tests whether adapting the choice architecture of a large retail store increases the purchase of meat substitutes among nonusers. Instead of offering meat substitutes exclusively in a separate, vegetarian section, this study places them next to similar meat products in the butchery. As such, we (1) increase the meat substitutes’ visibility and (2) offer them in pairs with their meat-based counterparts. Doing so enhances sales of meat substitutes, relative to both past sales in the experimental store and sales in eight other control stores that serve as benchmarks. No backfire effect was observed as meat product sales did not increase significantly. A follow-up study disentangles the effect of product visibility and pairwise presentation. Both product visibility and pairwise presentation increase sales of meat substitutes. However, when visibility is high, fewer meat substitutes were sold in a pairwise presentation.
Jolien Vandenbroele; Hendrik Slabbinck; Anneleen Van Kerckhove; Iris Vermeir. Mock meat in the butchery: Nudging consumers toward meat substitutes. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 2019, 163, 105 -116.
AMA StyleJolien Vandenbroele, Hendrik Slabbinck, Anneleen Van Kerckhove, Iris Vermeir. Mock meat in the butchery: Nudging consumers toward meat substitutes. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 2019; 163 ():105-116.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJolien Vandenbroele; Hendrik Slabbinck; Anneleen Van Kerckhove; Iris Vermeir. 2019. "Mock meat in the butchery: Nudging consumers toward meat substitutes." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 163, no. : 105-116.
Purpose Past research suggests that small details during a service may have a big impact on the service experience. Drawing from this literature, this study aims to test the impact of offering dark chocolate during a service on service performance outcomes. Design/methodology/approach Three scenario-based studies and one field study tested the hypotheses. The scenario-based experiments varied in both service context (e.g. restaurant and mobile phone store) and service quality. Findings Eating dark chocolate positively impacts service performance outcomes. This effect is fully mediated through mood. However, this effect disappears in negative valenced service encounters. Originality/value This paper makes a unique contribution, by testing whether changing a small detail at the start of a service improves mood and, in turn, customers’ outcomes in different service quality contexts.
Nanouk Verhulst; Hendrik Slabbinck; Iris Vermeir. Boosting service performance by dark chocolate seduction. Journal of Services Marketing 2019, 33, 576 -588.
AMA StyleNanouk Verhulst, Hendrik Slabbinck, Iris Vermeir. Boosting service performance by dark chocolate seduction. Journal of Services Marketing. 2019; 33 (5):576-588.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNanouk Verhulst; Hendrik Slabbinck; Iris Vermeir. 2019. "Boosting service performance by dark chocolate seduction." Journal of Services Marketing 33, no. 5: 576-588.
Food production is one of the major contributors to environmental damage. Adaptations in our food choices are needed to preserve resources for the needs of future generations. More sustainable consumption patterns have been encouraged by economic incentives, laws, education and communication campaigns. Nonetheless, consumers still find difficulties in trying to change their current food habits. This review takes a behavioural approach in encouraging sustainable food choices among consumers. From a nudging perspective, many behavioural changes can be encouraged in a non-obtrusive way by adapting the complex food environment in which consumers are operating. These interventions do not restrict consumers' choices but rather adapt the choice architecture wherein food decisions are made. Drawing on the literature from diverse theoretical perspectives, we provide an overview of the application of nudging for more sustainable food choices and highlight where more research is needed. More specifically, we discuss research that used nudging to engender cognitive impact (i.e. the use of labels or visibility enhancements), affective responses (i.e. sensorial and social influence cues) and behavioural effects (i.e. adjustments in convenience and product size). We conclude that this review only shows the tip of the iceberg of the research on nudging and sustainable consumption that is likely forthcoming in the next few years, following the successes of nudging applications in other domains. Nonetheless, each individual nudging intervention requires careful examination. Personal predispositions towards the environment should be considered when designing interventions, demonstrating the complementarity of nudging with education on sustainable consumption.
J. Vandenbroele; Iris Vermeir; M. Geuens; H. Slabbinck; A. Van Kerckhove. Nudging to get our food choices on a sustainable track. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 2019, 79, 133 -146.
AMA StyleJ. Vandenbroele, Iris Vermeir, M. Geuens, H. Slabbinck, A. Van Kerckhove. Nudging to get our food choices on a sustainable track. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 2019; 79 (1):133-146.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Vandenbroele; Iris Vermeir; M. Geuens; H. Slabbinck; A. Van Kerckhove. 2019. "Nudging to get our food choices on a sustainable track." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 79, no. 1: 133-146.
Visual cues are omnipresent in an in-store environment and can enhance the visibility of a product. By using these visual cues, policy makers can design a choice environment to nudge consumers towards more sustainable consumer behavior. In this study, we use a combined nudge of display area size and quantity of displayed products to nudge consumers towards more sustainable meat choices. We performed a field experiment of four weeks in a butchery, located in a supermarket. The size of the display area and quantity of displayed poultry products, serving as the nudging intervention, were increased, whereas these were decreased for less sustainable meat products. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of our nudging intervention, we also collected data from a control store and performed a pre-and post-intervention measurement. We kept records of the sales data of the sold meat (amount of weight & revenue). When conducting a three-way ANOVA and post hoc contrast tests, we found that the sales of poultry increased during the nudging intervention, but did not decrease for less sustainable meat products. When removing the nudge again, the sales of poultry decreased again significantly in the experimental store. Changing the size of display area and the amount of products displayed in this display area created a shift in the consumers' purchase behavior of meat.
Nicky Coucke; Iris Vermeir; Hendrik Slabbinck; Anneleen Van Kerckhove. Show Me More! The Influence of Visibility on Sustainable Food Choices. Foods 2019, 8, 186 .
AMA StyleNicky Coucke, Iris Vermeir, Hendrik Slabbinck, Anneleen Van Kerckhove. Show Me More! The Influence of Visibility on Sustainable Food Choices. Foods. 2019; 8 (6):186.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicky Coucke; Iris Vermeir; Hendrik Slabbinck; Anneleen Van Kerckhove. 2019. "Show Me More! The Influence of Visibility on Sustainable Food Choices." Foods 8, no. 6: 186.
Play is children's most important daily behavior and when children play, they do so in multiple ways. With two studies, this paper explores how children perceive a continuum of two play types, namely replicating play (in which models, guidelines, and examples are used to reach an intended result) and originating play (in which children create something from the mind, think freely about how they will play, are less restricted by given models, etc.). Study 1 (N = 56, Mage = 9) quantitatively shows that both play types occur and tests if children also describe the play types as we define them. Results show that children who play originating (vs. replicating) believe they follow less (vs. more) rules and do their own thing more (vs. less), which verifies the definitions of both types of play. Study 2 includes 16 in‐depth semi‐structured interviews (Mage = 10) and shows which determinants children identify as triggers for engaging in play that has more replicating or more originating elements.
Dieneke Van De Sompel; Iris Vermeir. “Playing by the Book”: Determinants of Children's Preference for Replicating and Originating Play. The Journal of Creative Behavior 2019, 54, 686 -698.
AMA StyleDieneke Van De Sompel, Iris Vermeir. “Playing by the Book”: Determinants of Children's Preference for Replicating and Originating Play. The Journal of Creative Behavior. 2019; 54 (3):686-698.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDieneke Van De Sompel; Iris Vermeir. 2019. "“Playing by the Book”: Determinants of Children's Preference for Replicating and Originating Play." The Journal of Creative Behavior 54, no. 3: 686-698.
According to construal level theory, consumers’ processing styles become more abstract as psychological distance increases, but they grow more concrete when psychological distance decreases. This study provides evidence that panoramic pictures in which the horizon appears in the lower versus upper part of the frame trigger a different level of construal. As such, this paper raises a novel source of construal. In addition, this papers shows that when both visual (e.g., horizon height) and verbal (e.g., temporal benefit) advertising elements induce the same level of construal, advertising effectiveness increases. This work differs from previous research in that it focuses on the construal fit evoked by two ad features rather than a fit in construal between an external stimulus and the internal mindset of the consumer. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Gudrun Roose; Iris Vermeir; Maggie Geuens; Anneleen van Kerckhove. A Match Made in Heaven or Down Under? The Effectiveness of Matching Visual and Verbal Horizons in Advertising. Journal of Consumer Psychology 2018, 29, 411 -427.
AMA StyleGudrun Roose, Iris Vermeir, Maggie Geuens, Anneleen van Kerckhove. A Match Made in Heaven or Down Under? The Effectiveness of Matching Visual and Verbal Horizons in Advertising. Journal of Consumer Psychology. 2018; 29 (3):411-427.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGudrun Roose; Iris Vermeir; Maggie Geuens; Anneleen van Kerckhove. 2018. "A Match Made in Heaven or Down Under? The Effectiveness of Matching Visual and Verbal Horizons in Advertising." Journal of Consumer Psychology 29, no. 3: 411-427.
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to perform a preliminary examination of informational and transformational advertising appeals in contemporary advertisements for healthy and unhealthy foods. Design/methodology/approach Western (European) food advertisements published in Belgian food magazines were content analyzed to identify informational and transformational advertising appeals. Belgian food advertising was selected as an adequate representation of Western (European) food advertising because marketing in Belgium is permeated by international influences (cf. Belgian Federal Government). Advertisements were sampled from three magazines over a period of five years, from January 2009 to December 2013. The sample comprised 325 unique advertisements, including 159 for healthy foods and 166 for unhealthy foods. Findings The results of the content analysis indicated that healthy food advertisements in Belgium are mainly informational, whereas unhealthy food advertisements are mainly transformational. Originality/value This preliminary examination of informational and transformational advertising appeals in contemporary healthy food and unhealthy food advertisements shows that healthy food advertisements in Belgium are mainly informational, whereas the segment of consumers which is precarious – people low-involved with healthy food – are mainly attracted by transformational advertising appeals. The contrasting transformational strategy of unhealthy-food advertisements can provide inspiration for healthy food advertisers to help increase healthy food consumption.
Gudrun Roose; Maggie Geuens; Iris Vermeir. From informational towards transformational advertising strategies? A content analysis of Belgian food magazine advertisements. British Food Journal 2018, 120, 1170 -1182.
AMA StyleGudrun Roose, Maggie Geuens, Iris Vermeir. From informational towards transformational advertising strategies? A content analysis of Belgian food magazine advertisements. British Food Journal. 2018; 120 (6):1170-1182.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGudrun Roose; Maggie Geuens; Iris Vermeir. 2018. "From informational towards transformational advertising strategies? A content analysis of Belgian food magazine advertisements." British Food Journal 120, no. 6: 1170-1182.
Food package labels can be used to influence consumers’ evaluation and purchasing behaviour, fostering sustainable consumption. Therefore, it is important to understand consumers’ emotional reaction to food package labels that convey sustainable information. The aim of the present research is to get a better understanding of the relation between consumers’ attitudes and emotional reactions often used to measure the effectiveness of a communication. Particularly, we focused on recyclability, assessing participants’ prior explicit and implicit attitudes towards recyclability and their emotional reaction to food packages featuring logos of (non-)recyclability. The emotional reaction was measured both at an explicit and at an implicit level, using direct (self-reported) and indirect (eye movement, facial expressions and pupil dilation) techniques respectively. Results showed that explicit attitudes predicted self-reported emotions, while implicit attitudes predicted the spontaneous emotional reactions, highlighting the importance to assess both explicit and implicit attitudes. Moreover, results showed that the relation between the time that people looked at the logo and the spontaneous emotional reaction was contingent upon the participant’s implicit attitudes. Finally, a follow-up analysis revealed that people with positive implicit attitudes towards recyclability were faster in detecting the recyclable logo and spent more time on processing the logo which on its turn resulted in better emotional reactions. Thus, the results suggest that implicit attitudes influence both visual attention and emotional reactions. Overall, the research contributes to a better understanding of the relation between prior attitudes and emotional reactions to food packaging, and supports the use of an approach that comprises both direct and indirect measures of attitudes and emotions.
Giulia Songa; Hendrik Slabbinck; Iris Vermeir; Vincenzo Russo. How do implicit/explicit attitudes and emotional reactions to sustainable logo relate? A neurophysiological study. Food Quality and Preference 2018, 71, 485 -496.
AMA StyleGiulia Songa, Hendrik Slabbinck, Iris Vermeir, Vincenzo Russo. How do implicit/explicit attitudes and emotional reactions to sustainable logo relate? A neurophysiological study. Food Quality and Preference. 2018; 71 ():485-496.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiulia Songa; Hendrik Slabbinck; Iris Vermeir; Vincenzo Russo. 2018. "How do implicit/explicit attitudes and emotional reactions to sustainable logo relate? A neurophysiological study." Food Quality and Preference 71, no. : 485-496.
Jolien Vandenbroele; Hendrik Slabbinck; Anneleen van Kerckhove; Iris Vermeir. Curbing portion size effects by adding smaller portions at the point of purchase. Food Quality and Preference 2018, 64, 82 -87.
AMA StyleJolien Vandenbroele, Hendrik Slabbinck, Anneleen van Kerckhove, Iris Vermeir. Curbing portion size effects by adding smaller portions at the point of purchase. Food Quality and Preference. 2018; 64 ():82-87.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJolien Vandenbroele; Hendrik Slabbinck; Anneleen van Kerckhove; Iris Vermeir. 2018. "Curbing portion size effects by adding smaller portions at the point of purchase." Food Quality and Preference 64, no. : 82-87.