Introduction. An autologous bone (bone derived from the patient himself) is considered to be a ?golden standard? in the treatment of bone defects and partial atrophic alveolar ridge. However, large defects and bone losses are difficult to restore in this manner, because extraction of large amounts of autologous tissue can cause donor-site problems. Alternatively, data from computed tomographic (CT) scan can be used to shape a precise 3D homologous bone block using a computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) system. Case report. A 63-year old male patient referred to the Clinic of Dentistry of Vojvodina in Novi Sad, because of teeth loss in the right lateral region of the lower jaw. Clinical examination revealed a pronounced resorption of the residual ridge of the lower jaw in the aforementioned region, both horizontal and vertical. After clinical examination, the patient was referred for 3D cone beam (CB)CT scan that enables visualization of bony structures and accurate measurement of dimensions of the residual alveolar ridge. Considering the large extent of bone resorption, the required ridge augmentation was more than 3 mm in height and 2 mm in width along the length of some 2 cm, thus the use of granular material was excluded. After consulting prosthodontists and engineers from the Faculty of Technical Sciences in Novi Sad we decided to fabricate an individual (custom) bovine-derived bone graft designed according to the obtained 3D CBCT scan. Conclusion. Application of 3D CBCT images, computer-aided systems and software in manufacturing custom bone grafts represents the most recent method of guided bone regeneration. This method substantially reduces time of recovery and carries minimum risk of postoperative complications, yet the results fully satisfy the requirements of both the patient and the therapist.

Selection of an appropriate 3D digitization method in the field of cultural heritage represents a big challenge, especially for non-expert users, such as conservators, art historians, archaeologists etc. Considering the above, the aim of...

Image based 3D digitization methods, as an input data, use a digital photographs for reconstruction of 3D objects. Today, digital cameras are common devices used for capturing of digital photographs. Every digital camera is equipped with one of two types of digital sensors - CCD or CMOS. One of important features of these both types of sensors is their physical size. This paper presents results of comparative analysis regarding the influence of Full Frame and APS-C sensor size on 3D digitization results obtained with photogrammetric Structure from Motion (SfM) method. Comparative analysis also included influence from obtained data on accuracy with the use of auto calibrated andpre-calibratedphotographs.

Nowadays 3D technologies are integrated into all aspects of modern lives. This integration of 3D technologies paved new paths for further expansion of other fields, most recently the field of arts. In this paper bridging the symmetry-related gap between physical and digital sculpting by application of reverse engineering modeling was presented. This approach enables artists to express their art in physical 3D object form and then transfer it into a digital world in order to satisfy various prerequisites (here, the final 3D model is to be ideally symmetrical). In order to describe this process, one case study is selected. With the use of close-range photogrammetry based on structure from motion, as a 3D digitization technique, a physical 3D model of a human head - manually sculpted in clay was digitized. In order to obtain a final physical or digital 3D model of sculpted head and to make it symmetrical, the symmetry analysis and correction was performed. Namely, by comparing digitized 3D model with its idealized 3D model (that was created based on symmetry-correction), symmetry analysis was carried out using computer-aided inspection. The results showed critical regions of the physical i.e. its digitized 3D model that, because of having no acceptable levels of dimensional deviations (regarding ideal symmetry), it must be corrected/minimized. This can be performed either by manual re-sculpting of the physical 3D model, or by modification of digitized 3D model (if there is no intention to use idealized 3D model for subsequent CNC-fabrication as an example).

This paper presents a new innovative approach for designing and manufacturing a fixture for locating and clamping porous blocks of biocompatible material, which is required for their machining on CNC machines. Manufacturing porous blocks for their application in medical and/or dental fields is gaining traction. However, limited solutions are available today. In order to address this issue, a new design has been proposed for locating and clamping porous blocks. Finite element analysis was used as a verification tool for the designed fixture with the workpiece, which showed a low concentration of stresses. After the manufacturing, dimensional verification in the form of CAD analysis showed small deviations on the manufactured object with deviations peaking around +0.015 mm, thus validating the adequate locating and clamping of the workpiece.