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Prof. Dr. Rocío González Sánchez
Department of Business Administration (ADO), Applied Economics II and Fundaments of Economic Analysis, Rey-Juan-Carlos University, 28032 Madrid, Spain

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0 Eco-design
0 Social Sustainability
0 Sustainability
0 Industry 4.0
0 circular economy

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Sustainability
circular economy
Industry 4.0
Circular supply chain (CSC)
Eco-design
Circular business models (CBMs)

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Journal article
Published: 03 August 2021 in Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management
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Risk management plays a key role in uncertain times, preventing corporations from acting rashly and incorrectly, allowing them to become flexible and resilient. A global turbulence such as the COVID-19 pandemic has had a strong impact on individual companies and entire economic sectors, raising the question of whether a paradigm shift is necessary, in order to enable a new cycle of development that is much environmentally, socially and economically sustainable. This environmental and socio-economic context of profound uncertainty forces organizations to consider more carefully the risk factors affecting their business continuity, as well as how these factors relate to sustainability issues. However, there is a gap in knowledge about how risk management systems relate to sustainability management systems, and how both of them exert influence on business performance, especially from a theoretical point of view. The aim of this study is to address this gap, by developing a new interpretative framework for the analysis of risk management strategies in organizations. This approach has been identified in economic hermeneutics as an innovative methodological tool to improve the knowledge of risk and design the most appropriate management strategies. The paper provides two main results: the first one is the construction of a theoretical model that relates risk management to sustainability management; the second one is an operational framework of multidimensional risk assessment useful for analysis at different levels (business, competitive scenario and system). Finally, the model also makes it possible to carry out a sustainability assessment through risk evaluation in the perspective of the sustainable development goals.

ACS Style

Davide Settembre-Blundo; Rocío González-Sánchez; Sonia Medina-Salgado; Fernando E. García-Muiña. Flexibility and Resilience in Corporate Decision Making: A New Sustainability-Based Risk Management System in Uncertain Times. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management 2021, 1 -26.

AMA Style

Davide Settembre-Blundo, Rocío González-Sánchez, Sonia Medina-Salgado, Fernando E. García-Muiña. Flexibility and Resilience in Corporate Decision Making: A New Sustainability-Based Risk Management System in Uncertain Times. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management. 2021; ():1-26.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Davide Settembre-Blundo; Rocío González-Sánchez; Sonia Medina-Salgado; Fernando E. García-Muiña. 2021. "Flexibility and Resilience in Corporate Decision Making: A New Sustainability-Based Risk Management System in Uncertain Times." Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management , no. : 1-26.

Journal article
Published: 15 June 2021 in Sustainability
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The pandemic has changed the citizens’ behavior, inducing them to avoid any real contact. This has given an incredible impulse to e-commerce; however, the complexity of the topic has not yet been adequately explored in the literature. To fill this gap, this study has a twofold purpose: (1) to investigate how European countries comparatively perform in e-commerce, and (2) to describe what are the most important challenges for the further expansion of e-commerce. To this end, we adopted a hybrid methodology based on multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and a Likert scale survey. The first method allows to us rank the e-commerce performance of different European countries, while the second one looks at the problems and barriers that characterize online shopping. The results of the study show that European countries have different sensitivities to the issue of cyber-security, and among them it is possible to identify three groups with different levels of attention to the critical issues of e-commerce. The Netherlands, Sweden and Denmark belong to the group of countries most responsive to e-commerce. This request is part of a broader framework of transition toward sustainable development, i.e., a reliable digital environment where citizens and businesses can exercise their rights and freedoms in complete security. Finally, from a theoretical perspective, this paper adds a new baseline to the literature on the state of the art of e-commerce in Europe that addresses the effects of the pandemic. From a managerial point of view, decision makers can find in the results of this analysis a support for the setting of business strategies for the expansion of firms in certain markets and guidance for public authorities when defining regulatory policies for e-commerce.

ACS Style

Idiano D’Adamo; Rocío González-Sánchez; Maria Medina-Salgado; Davide Settembre-Blundo. E-Commerce Calls for Cyber-Security and Sustainability: How European Citizens Look for a Trusted Online Environment. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6752 .

AMA Style

Idiano D’Adamo, Rocío González-Sánchez, Maria Medina-Salgado, Davide Settembre-Blundo. E-Commerce Calls for Cyber-Security and Sustainability: How European Citizens Look for a Trusted Online Environment. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (12):6752.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Idiano D’Adamo; Rocío González-Sánchez; Maria Medina-Salgado; Davide Settembre-Blundo. 2021. "E-Commerce Calls for Cyber-Security and Sustainability: How European Citizens Look for a Trusted Online Environment." Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6752.

Journal article
Published: 29 May 2021 in Sustainability
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The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has had an impact on the relationships established between different actors in organisations. To deal with these changes, it is necessary to develop a resilience capacity that allows for the establishment of different patterns of relationships through a new management model. The application of circularity principles implies a radical change in stakeholder relations, breaking with the “end-of-life” concept existing in linear economies. Furthermore, circular economy can ensure resilience in supply chains, and it can be considered as a tool in uncertain environments. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyse the association between the customer–supplier relationships with circular supply chains based on the intellectual capital-based view theory. External capital is a crucial factor for organisations, and it helps with building remarkable capabilities for the whole supply chain due to collaboration and cooperation. This research contributes with a systematic revision of the literature regarding circular supply chains and customer–supplier external capital, providing an exploratory model. Establishing a closer and effective relationship with customers and suppliers supposes a differentiating value and competitive advantages. Actors involved in the supply chain are essential in the implementation of circularity in organisations for reducing waste production and returning resources to the production cycle. Therefore, circular networks related to customers’ behaviour, sustainable supplier election and IT tools play a key factor in improving resilience in supply chains.

ACS Style

Sara Alonso-Muñoz; Rocío González-Sánchez; Cristina Siligardi; Fernando García-Muiña. New Circular Networks in Resilient Supply Chains: An External Capital Perspective. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6130 .

AMA Style

Sara Alonso-Muñoz, Rocío González-Sánchez, Cristina Siligardi, Fernando García-Muiña. New Circular Networks in Resilient Supply Chains: An External Capital Perspective. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6130.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sara Alonso-Muñoz; Rocío González-Sánchez; Cristina Siligardi; Fernando García-Muiña. 2021. "New Circular Networks in Resilient Supply Chains: An External Capital Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6130.

Journal article
Published: 04 March 2021 in Resources
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The adaptation of the supply chain makes it an effective tool in the management of a circular economy, as it allows aspects of sustainability and regeneration to be incorporated into production. However, empirical evidence is still insufficient. In addition, the use of absorptive capacity theory provides a convenient context model that is adapted to the knowledge management required for the application of circularity principles. To study in depth the functioning of the circular supply chain, we use the dimension of exploitation of absorptive capacity, distinguishing between routines that allow adaptation to new production needs (technological knowledge) and new commercial needs (market knowledge). The empirical study was conducted on a sample of 9612 companies, divided into three levels of technology intensity manufacturing, from the PITEC panel using multivariate models. The results show that the operating routines associated with the use of production and logistics technologies developed in a circular fashion favor the development of new products. Similarly, a bidirectional knowledge flow is necessary. The first flow is toward the company with practices that allow a better understanding of the customer and their needs in the framework of the circular economy. The second flow would be toward customers, who need to be informed and educated through various marketing and communication activities to adapt their behavior to the principles of circularity.

ACS Style

Sara Alonso-Muñoz; Rocío González-Sánchez; Cristina Siligardi; Fernando García-Muiña. Building Exploitation Routines in the Circular Supply Chain to Obtain Radical Innovations. Resources 2021, 10, 22 .

AMA Style

Sara Alonso-Muñoz, Rocío González-Sánchez, Cristina Siligardi, Fernando García-Muiña. Building Exploitation Routines in the Circular Supply Chain to Obtain Radical Innovations. Resources. 2021; 10 (3):22.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sara Alonso-Muñoz; Rocío González-Sánchez; Cristina Siligardi; Fernando García-Muiña. 2021. "Building Exploitation Routines in the Circular Supply Chain to Obtain Radical Innovations." Resources 10, no. 3: 22.

Journal article
Published: 26 November 2020 in Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity
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The important influence that incremental innovation has, both on the organization’s results and on the development of disruptive innovations in a synergistic relationship of positive sum, makes it necessary to deepen its study. In the context of absorptive capacity, this paper aims to contribute to the construction of a specific model of routines for more efficient exploitation. The empirical study was carried out in a sample of Spanish manufacturing companies of the PITEC Panel. The results show the superiority of the market as a source of knowledge compared to other sources with more complex knowledge, but not adjusted to the needs of a minor improvement. In addition, the management of external knowledge is a process whose phases are interrelated, so the routines and resources used must contribute to enriching the external knowledge previously acquired and not be redundant. Therefore, that would mean an inefficient allocation of resources for obtaining and exploiting continuous innovation.

ACS Style

Rocío González-Sánchez; Eva Pelechano-Barahona; Sara Alonso-Muñoz; Fernando E. García-Muiña. Absorptive Routines and the Economic Impact of Incremental Innovations: Developing Continuous Improvement Strategies. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 2020, 6, 167 .

AMA Style

Rocío González-Sánchez, Eva Pelechano-Barahona, Sara Alonso-Muñoz, Fernando E. García-Muiña. Absorptive Routines and the Economic Impact of Incremental Innovations: Developing Continuous Improvement Strategies. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. 2020; 6 (4):167.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rocío González-Sánchez; Eva Pelechano-Barahona; Sara Alonso-Muñoz; Fernando E. García-Muiña. 2020. "Absorptive Routines and the Economic Impact of Incremental Innovations: Developing Continuous Improvement Strategies." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 6, no. 4: 167.

Journal article
Published: 17 September 2020 in Sustainability
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In the context of potential absorptive capacity, the present work analyzes sources of knowledge through the adjustment between the typology of sources and innovative results. Different external sources can condition the later phases of knowledge absorption. In relation to external sources of knowledge, we enrich their treatment by considering other companies in the same group as deeper relationships. In addition, we analyzed the results regarding the generation of radical innovations with impact on income. The results show that company groups can reduce costs in the exchange of technological knowledge, not only to develop radical innovations but also to improve their economic performance. Furthermore, membership in a group allows a company to obtain a greater economic return when combined with assimilation resources.

ACS Style

Sara Alonso-Muñoz; Eva Pelechano-Barahona; Rocío González-Sánchez. Participation in Group Companies as a Source of External Knowledge in Obtaining and Making Profitable Radical Innovations. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7701 .

AMA Style

Sara Alonso-Muñoz, Eva Pelechano-Barahona, Rocío González-Sánchez. Participation in Group Companies as a Source of External Knowledge in Obtaining and Making Profitable Radical Innovations. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (18):7701.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sara Alonso-Muñoz; Eva Pelechano-Barahona; Rocío González-Sánchez. 2020. "Participation in Group Companies as a Source of External Knowledge in Obtaining and Making Profitable Radical Innovations." Sustainability 12, no. 18: 7701.

Review
Published: 20 March 2020 in Sustainability
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Circular economy is an alternative to the traditional production model and has therefore attracted a great deal of attention from researchers. The change in the production system is accompanied by new logistical needs related both to resources and waste and to the distribution and recovery of products. The circular supply chain involves return processes and the manufacturer intends to capture additional value in the supply chain. In this paper, value chains have been mapped to visualize the links and interactions between the different stages and actors to understand the complexities of these systems and to make informed decisions. For this reason, and based on thorough literature review, the final objective of this work is to achieve a conceptual framework to study circular supply chain, which uses the main theoretical perspectives in strategic management literature. Four dimensions have been identified to support the development of these new supply chains—greater intensity in the relationships established in the supply chain, adaptation of logistics and organizational, disruptive and smart technologies, and a functioning environment. It can be concluded that to develop a new relationship capacity will allow for reaching more frequent, closer relationships with more actors. These relationships will be developed within an adapted organizational and logistical framework that is framed in new business model archetypes. However, dimensions related to the business environment such as sectoral, legislative, and fiscal frameworks must be incorporated.

ACS Style

Rocío González-Sánchez; Davide Settembre-Blundo; Anna Maria Ferrari; Fernando E. García-Muiña. Main Dimensions in the Building of the Circular Supply Chain: A Literature Review. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2459 .

AMA Style

Rocío González-Sánchez, Davide Settembre-Blundo, Anna Maria Ferrari, Fernando E. García-Muiña. Main Dimensions in the Building of the Circular Supply Chain: A Literature Review. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (6):2459.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rocío González-Sánchez; Davide Settembre-Blundo; Anna Maria Ferrari; Fernando E. García-Muiña. 2020. "Main Dimensions in the Building of the Circular Supply Chain: A Literature Review." Sustainability 12, no. 6: 2459.

Journal article
Published: 14 August 2019 in Social Sciences
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For manufacturing companies, the transition to circular business models (CBMs) can be hampered both by the lack of relevant data and by operational tools. Eco-design, associated with Industry 4.0 IoT (Internet of Things) technologies, can be an effective methodological approach in developing products that are consistent with the principles of the circular economy. The reason is that, in the design phase, decisions are made that can significantly influence the degree of sustainability of products during their lifecycle. Therefore, in the manufacturing environment, eco-design represents an innovative approach to include sustainability among the traditional industrial variables such as functionality, aesthetics, quality, and profit. This study aimed to test eco-design as a tool to define the equilibrium point between sustainability and circular economy in the manufacturing environment of ceramic tile production, and to demonstrate how new business opportunities can be created through evolution from a linear to a circular business model, thanks to IoT and Industry 4.0 technologies used as enabling factors. The main result of this paper was the empirical validation in a manufacturing environment of sustainability paradigms through eco-design tools and digital technologies, proposing the circular business model as an operational tool to promote the competitiveness of enterprises.

ACS Style

Fernando E. Garcia-Muiña; Rocío González-Sánchez; Anna Maria Ferrari; Lucrezia Volpi; Martina Pini; Davide Settembre-Blundo. Identifying the Equilibrium Point between Sustainability Goals and Circular Economy Practices in an Industry 4.0 Manufacturing Context Using Eco-Design. Social Sciences 2019, 8, 241 .

AMA Style

Fernando E. Garcia-Muiña, Rocío González-Sánchez, Anna Maria Ferrari, Lucrezia Volpi, Martina Pini, Davide Settembre-Blundo. Identifying the Equilibrium Point between Sustainability Goals and Circular Economy Practices in an Industry 4.0 Manufacturing Context Using Eco-Design. Social Sciences. 2019; 8 (8):241.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando E. Garcia-Muiña; Rocío González-Sánchez; Anna Maria Ferrari; Lucrezia Volpi; Martina Pini; Davide Settembre-Blundo. 2019. "Identifying the Equilibrium Point between Sustainability Goals and Circular Economy Practices in an Industry 4.0 Manufacturing Context Using Eco-Design." Social Sciences 8, no. 8: 241.

Journal article
Published: 04 December 2018 in Social Sciences
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Sustainable development and the circular economy are two important issues for the future and the competitiveness of businesses. The programs for the integration of sustainability into industrial activities include the reconfiguration of production processes with a view to reducing their impact on the natural system, the development of new eco-sustainable products and the redesign of the business model. This paradigm shift requires the participation and commitment of different stakeholder groups and industry can completely redesign supply chains, aiming at resource efficiency and circularity. Developments in key ICT technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), help this systemic transition. This paper explores the phases of the transition from a linear to a circular economy and proposes a procedure for introducing the principles of sustainability (environmental, economic and social) in a manufacturing environment, through the design of a new Circular Business Model (CBM). The new procedure has been tested and validated in an Italian company producing ceramic tiles, using the digitalization of the production processes of the Industry 4.0 environment, to implement the impact assessment tools (LCA—Life Cycle Assessment, LCC—Life Cycle Costing and S-LCA—Social Life Cycle Assessment) and the business intelligence systems to provide appropriate sustainability performance indicators essential for the definition of the new CBM.

ACS Style

Fernando E. Garcia-Muiña; Rocío González-Sánchez; Anna Maria Ferrari; Davide Settembre-Blundo. The Paradigms of Industry 4.0 and Circular Economy as Enabling Drivers for the Competitiveness of Businesses and Territories: The Case of an Italian Ceramic Tiles Manufacturing Company. Social Sciences 2018, 7, 255 .

AMA Style

Fernando E. Garcia-Muiña, Rocío González-Sánchez, Anna Maria Ferrari, Davide Settembre-Blundo. The Paradigms of Industry 4.0 and Circular Economy as Enabling Drivers for the Competitiveness of Businesses and Territories: The Case of an Italian Ceramic Tiles Manufacturing Company. Social Sciences. 2018; 7 (12):255.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando E. Garcia-Muiña; Rocío González-Sánchez; Anna Maria Ferrari; Davide Settembre-Blundo. 2018. "The Paradigms of Industry 4.0 and Circular Economy as Enabling Drivers for the Competitiveness of Businesses and Territories: The Case of an Italian Ceramic Tiles Manufacturing Company." Social Sciences 7, no. 12: 255.

Journal article
Published: 29 April 2017 in BRQ Business Research Quarterly
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Patents on an international level are essential for firm results. Accordingly, the use of external sources of knowledge acquires crucial importance to get global innovations and create competitive advantages. For that reason, the literature has highlighted the strategic role of the absorptive capacity construct. We enrich the treatment of the absorptive capacity phases including the moderating effects between routines associated to the traditional potential-realized absorptive capacities. Taking into account external knowledge search strategies, the deeper external relationships, the better transference and appropriation of specific external knowledge. Nevertheless, when the moderating role of assimilation is included, cooperation agreements appear as the most efficient source of external knowledge. Finally, we show that technological tools let firms store and structure the information making easier its use for international patenting. This positive effect is reinforced in the presence of exploitation routines, since technological knowledge will better fit to the industry's key factors of success.

ACS Style

Fernando E. García-Muiña; Rocío González-Sánchez. Absorptive routines and international patent performance. BRQ Business Research Quarterly 2017, 20, 96 -111.

AMA Style

Fernando E. García-Muiña, Rocío González-Sánchez. Absorptive routines and international patent performance. BRQ Business Research Quarterly. 2017; 20 (2):96-111.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando E. García-Muiña; Rocío González-Sánchez. 2017. "Absorptive routines and international patent performance." BRQ Business Research Quarterly 20, no. 2: 96-111.

Journal article
Published: 12 July 2011 in Revista Venezolana de Gerencia
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El modelo de innovación abierta supone un camino alternativo y/o complementario en la gestión del conocimiento. El estudio de formación de las faultlines o líneas divisorias, debido a las características de los equipos abiertos, supone una nueva perspectiva a considerar en la mejora de su funcionamiento. El presente trabajo pretende contribuir a la construcción de un marco integrado de factores clave de éxito en la gestión del conflicto originado por ellas desde la perspectiva del capital intelectual. La metodología empleada en el trabajo se ha basado, en primer lugar, en una revisión de la literatura de los factores mencionados, considerando tres grupos de facilitadores ”“capital humano, capital estructural y capital relacional”“. A continuación se han establecido siete proposiciones que se plantean en un modelo conceptual, cuyas conclusiones son las siguientes: la gestión mejora a través de las variables liderazgo técnico y experimentado y sistemas de incentivos en el capital humano; las variables cultura abierta, uso de patentes y sistemas de información de clientes en el capital estructural y, finalmente, las variables comunicación abierta y la posición de los actores en el capital relacional.

ACS Style

Rocío González Sánchez. La gestión de Faultlines en innovación abierta: Una perspectiva desde el capital intelectual. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia 2011, 16, 1 .

AMA Style

Rocío González Sánchez. La gestión de Faultlines en innovación abierta: Una perspectiva desde el capital intelectual. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia. 2011; 16 (53):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rocío González Sánchez. 2011. "La gestión de Faultlines en innovación abierta: Una perspectiva desde el capital intelectual." Revista Venezolana de Gerencia 16, no. 53: 1.

Journal article
Published: 21 April 2011 in Intangible Capital
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Purpose: The open innovation paradigm is an alternative and/or complementary way to knowledge management processes in its various stages, questioning the basic assumptions where some of the technological innovation strategies and processes are based on. The new logic of innovation process exploits knowledge dissemination through new innovation communities, on the one hand, and, considers of strategic value the external access to intangible resources. Thus, this approach supposes an alternative view to the traditional close innovation, focused on the exclusive exploitation of value innovations. This paper aims to contribute to building an integrated model of key factors to success in open innovation processes. It is analyzed for the role that certain key knowledge management decisions have on the results of open innovation projects, to facilitate the change process and provide new capacity or skills to do so.Design/methodology/approach: Through the review of theoretical and empirical literature, we show the main variables related to the functioning of open innovation systems, and establish various propositions about the meaning and intensity of such relationships.Findings: The management of open innovation project improves through three external factors: technical leadership based on experience, the intensive use of ICT, which allows a multilateral communication, and the existence of intermediate agents or facilitators with a strong neutral attitude. The results also depend on internal factors: the link function, the search routines, the establishment of incentive systems to encourage proactivity and organizational culture.Originality/value: In the absence of full proposals to guide effective decision making on both the management of relationships between organizations, as well as factors inherent to each of them, this paper proposes an exploratory model that integrates the key success factors in open innovation processes.

ACS Style

Rocío González-Sánchez; Fernando E. García-Muiña. Open innovation: A preliminary model from the Knowledge-based Theory. Intangible Capital 2011, 7, 82-115 .

AMA Style

Rocío González-Sánchez, Fernando E. García-Muiña. Open innovation: A preliminary model from the Knowledge-based Theory. Intangible Capital. 2011; 7 (1):82-115.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rocío González-Sánchez; Fernando E. García-Muiña. 2011. "Open innovation: A preliminary model from the Knowledge-based Theory." Intangible Capital 7, no. 1: 82-115.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2011 in PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural
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ACS Style

Rocío González Sánchez. La innovación abierta en las empresas turísticas extremeñas como herramienta de entrada en el turismo de negocios. PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural 2011, 9, 489 -502.

AMA Style

Rocío González Sánchez. La innovación abierta en las empresas turísticas extremeñas como herramienta de entrada en el turismo de negocios. PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural. 2011; 9 (4):489-502.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rocío González Sánchez. 2011. "La innovación abierta en las empresas turísticas extremeñas como herramienta de entrada en el turismo de negocios." PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural 9, no. 4: 489-502.