This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
While most tourism destinations host a range of events, these are often planned and delivered without explicit reference to one another. There may, however, be benefits to recognising the potential inter-relatedness of events in a destination and developing synergies between them. This study analyses a calendar of events based in Madeira, Portugal, to identify areas of relatedness that could be cross-leveraged by managing and marketing the events as a strategic portfolio. Accordingly, a questionnaire was administered among attendees at five major events, yielding 3118 responses. These data were analysed using ANOVA and two types of regression. The results suggest that, firstly, it is prudent to employ a range of analytical techniques to the available data to identify appropriate strategic levers. Secondly, the findings demonstrate the potential for post-hoc analysis not only to identify areas of relatedness between the events but also to discover gaps that can be filled by new events. Thirdly, the findings emphasise the pivotal role that destination marketing organisations can play in facilitating the design and implementation of event portfolio strategies based on the cross-leveraging of areas of relatedness between the events.
António Almeida; Brian Garrod. Cross-leveraging synergistic benefits from across an event portfolio: Empirical evidence from Madeira. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 2021, 21, 100630 .
AMA StyleAntónio Almeida, Brian Garrod. Cross-leveraging synergistic benefits from across an event portfolio: Empirical evidence from Madeira. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. 2021; 21 ():100630.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntónio Almeida; Brian Garrod. 2021. "Cross-leveraging synergistic benefits from across an event portfolio: Empirical evidence from Madeira." Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 21, no. : 100630.
It is my privilege to serve as founding editor of our new journal, Tourism and Hospitality, and my pleasure to welcome you to its pages
Brian Garrod; Jarkko Saarinen; Sergio Moreno-Gil; Svetlana Stepchenkova; Alfonso Vargas-Sánchez; Dimitrios Buhalis; Alan Fyall; Tazim Jamal; Lori Pennington-Gray. Taking a Road Less Travelled: Welcome to Tourism and Hospitality. Tourism and Hospitality 2020, 1, 20 -22.
AMA StyleBrian Garrod, Jarkko Saarinen, Sergio Moreno-Gil, Svetlana Stepchenkova, Alfonso Vargas-Sánchez, Dimitrios Buhalis, Alan Fyall, Tazim Jamal, Lori Pennington-Gray. Taking a Road Less Travelled: Welcome to Tourism and Hospitality. Tourism and Hospitality. 2020; 1 (1):20-22.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrian Garrod; Jarkko Saarinen; Sergio Moreno-Gil; Svetlana Stepchenkova; Alfonso Vargas-Sánchez; Dimitrios Buhalis; Alan Fyall; Tazim Jamal; Lori Pennington-Gray. 2020. "Taking a Road Less Travelled: Welcome to Tourism and Hospitality." Tourism and Hospitality 1, no. 1: 20-22.
The theory of the ‘experience economy’ contends that consumers no longer achieve satisfaction from consuming products but from the experiences they receive while doing so. Producers should therefore actively manage the four experience ‘realms’ of their product offerings—entertainment, education, aesthetics and escapism—to provide optimal experiences for their customers. In the case of tourist attractions, however, there is insufficient direct empirical evidence to substantiate this recommendation. This study therefore sets out to test the notion of the experience economy in the context of a tourist attraction—in this case, an underground visitor experience in Wales, UK—using partial least squares structural equation modelling. Alternative models are estimated based on three different mediating variables—arousal, memory and satisfaction—with revisit intention as the dependent variable. The analysis finds that none of the four experience realms are significant predictors of revisit intention in all three of the models, even though all three mediating variables are significant predictors of revisit intention. The results therefore suggest that optimal customer experiences do not necessarily need to be built equally upon all four experiences realms. Rather, a customised approach is required to optimise the customer experience for specific products consumed in particular contexts.
Brian Garrod; David Dowell. Experiential Marketing of an Underground Tourist Attraction. Tourism and Hospitality 2020, 1, 1 -19.
AMA StyleBrian Garrod, David Dowell. Experiential Marketing of an Underground Tourist Attraction. Tourism and Hospitality. 2020; 1 (1):1-19.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrian Garrod; David Dowell. 2020. "Experiential Marketing of an Underground Tourist Attraction." Tourism and Hospitality 1, no. 1: 1-19.
Cultural organisations often serve as guardians of cultural heritage and, as such, cultural sustainability depends on their ongoing vitality. Many organisations in the cultural sector are, however, presently experiencing intense financial pressures. With their traditional sources of funding being progressively cut off, such organisations are focusing increasingly on monetary donations and the volunteering of time on the part of the general public to help plug the financial gap. Promoting and managing such pro-social behaviours can, however, be costly activities in themselves, so it is critical for cultural organisations to be able to target those segments of the public with the greatest propensity to give. This study sets out to address that need. The findings indicate that individuals who were involved in cultural activities as children are statistically more likely to volunteer their time in later life, not only with cultural organisations but also with good causes in general. In certain circumstances, this is also true of donating money. The cultural organisations benefiting from these pro-social behaviours need not be those with which the individual was involved in their childhood; nor need they be associated with the same form of culture. Importantly, continuous involvement in an activity from childhood into adulthood is not a necessary pre-condition for pro-social behaviour in later life.
Brian Garrod; David Dowell. The Role of Childhood Participation in Cultural Activities in the Promotion of Pro-Social Behaviours in Later Life. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5744 .
AMA StyleBrian Garrod, David Dowell. The Role of Childhood Participation in Cultural Activities in the Promotion of Pro-Social Behaviours in Later Life. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (14):5744.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrian Garrod; David Dowell. 2020. "The Role of Childhood Participation in Cultural Activities in the Promotion of Pro-Social Behaviours in Later Life." Sustainability 12, no. 14: 5744.
Photography has often been considered tainted as a source of research data, even in tourism, its natural habitat. This situation is undoubtedly a legacy of the prejudice that many social scientists held toward the use of visual data when the academic study of tourism took off in the 1970s and 1980s. Tourism research has therefore persistently favoured textual data over visual data. This paper argues that the power of photography to prove and move can be harnessed to bridge this theoretical and practical cognitive gap. Issues relating to the performance of photography, including those of timing and intent, as well as the speed of information exchange, need however to be considered when designing and implementing research using photographic data. This implies a need to review the 'circle of representation' of tourism destination images, as well as to divide participant-generated image methods into two strands: found photographs and commissioned photographs.
Nika Balomenou; Brian Garrod. Photographs in tourism research: Prejudice, power, performance and participant-generated images. Tourism Management 2018, 70, 201 -217.
AMA StyleNika Balomenou, Brian Garrod. Photographs in tourism research: Prejudice, power, performance and participant-generated images. Tourism Management. 2018; 70 ():201-217.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNika Balomenou; Brian Garrod. 2018. "Photographs in tourism research: Prejudice, power, performance and participant-generated images." Tourism Management 70, no. : 201-217.
Alan Fyall; Brian Garrod. Destination Management. The SAGE Handbook of Tourism Management 2018, 91 -105.
AMA StyleAlan Fyall, Brian Garrod. Destination Management. The SAGE Handbook of Tourism Management. 2018; ():91-105.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlan Fyall; Brian Garrod. 2018. "Destination Management." The SAGE Handbook of Tourism Management , no. : 91-105.
This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2016.11.005This paper explores, for a consumer perspective the factors that most strongly influence the attraction and retention of tourists by mature island destinations during the stagnation phase of the resort lifecycle. Such destinations often attempt to develop ex nihilo strategies, typically in the form of product differentiation. Others have adopted a strategy of consolidating their traditional tourism markets. It can be argued, however, that to undertake either strategy successfully requires a very clear understanding of the factors that determine tourist destination choice. The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors that shape tourist destination choices in the case of Madeira, a ?classic? destination in the Atlantic area, which is in many ways typical of mature tourism destinations in their stagnation phase. The study presents the findings of a categorical regression based on a sample of 260 visitors. Insights are gained into how the destination can best be managed and marketed in order to facilitate the attraction and retention of tourists. The paper concludes that the most salient factors determining destination choice tend largely to be generic and cross-cutting, implying that tourism policy and practice needs to be more focused on operational issues than it tends to be.authorsversionPeer reviewe
António Almeida; Brian Garrod. A CATREG model of destination choice for a mature Island destination. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 2018, 8, 32 -40.
AMA StyleAntónio Almeida, Brian Garrod. A CATREG model of destination choice for a mature Island destination. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. 2018; 8 ():32-40.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntónio Almeida; Brian Garrod. 2018. "A CATREG model of destination choice for a mature Island destination." Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 8, no. : 32-40.
Brian Garrod. Mediating the tourist experience: From brochures to virtual encounters, C. Scarles, J. Lester (Eds.), Routledge, Abingdon (2013), 294pp., (Hbk.), £110 ISBN: 9781409451068, (Pbk.) (2016) (£37.99) ISBN: 9781138255609. Tourism Management 2017, 64, 20 -21.
AMA StyleBrian Garrod. Mediating the tourist experience: From brochures to virtual encounters, C. Scarles, J. Lester (Eds.), Routledge, Abingdon (2013), 294pp., (Hbk.), £110 ISBN: 9781409451068, (Pbk.) (2016) (£37.99) ISBN: 9781138255609. Tourism Management. 2017; 64 ():20-21.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrian Garrod. 2017. "Mediating the tourist experience: From brochures to virtual encounters, C. Scarles, J. Lester (Eds.), Routledge, Abingdon (2013), 294pp., (Hbk.), £110 ISBN: 9781409451068, (Pbk.) (2016) (£37.99) ISBN: 9781138255609." Tourism Management 64, no. : 20-21.
This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.02.010Tourists? photographs can be a rich database for researchers wishing to study tourists? perceptions and attitudes towards destinations. Such data can also be useful in examining how tourists behave, where, when, with whom and why. Many researchers favour the qualitative analysis of such data, which requires the use either of relatively small numbers of photographs or a considerable expense of researcher time and effort to undertake. Much of this process is speculative, in that it involves working with variables which may or may not prove to be significant in addressing the hypotheses set for the research. This research note recommends the use of a preliminary phase of research in which a quantitative approach is used to reduce the number of variables needing to be coded. Canonical variate analysis is suggested as an appropriate tool for achieving this. Case study results are presented to demonstrate the utility of this approach.Peer reviewe
Nika Balomenou; Brian Garrod; Andri Georgiadou. Making sense of tourists' photographs using canonical variate analysis. Tourism Management 2017, 61, 173 -179.
AMA StyleNika Balomenou, Brian Garrod, Andri Georgiadou. Making sense of tourists' photographs using canonical variate analysis. Tourism Management. 2017; 61 ():173-179.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNika Balomenou; Brian Garrod; Andri Georgiadou. 2017. "Making sense of tourists' photographs using canonical variate analysis." Tourism Management 61, no. : 173-179.
A recent development in the literature on social media brand fan pages is the investigation of hostile consumer-to-consumer interactions. Existing research has thus far concentrated on the reasons why consumers engage in such online conflicts. In comparison, this study focuses on how online conflicts can be best managed. Based on direct observations of six brand fan pages on Facebook, we offer a first conceptualisation of corporate conflict management strategies. Our results reveal five main conflict management strategies: non-engaging, censoring, bolstering, informing and pacifying. By drawing on existing suggestions from the marketing literature, we provide managerial implications and suggest avenues for future research.
Denitsa Petrova Dineva; Jan Christian Breitsohl; Brian Garrod. Corporate conflict management on social media brand fan pages. Journal of Marketing Management 2017, 33, 1 -20.
AMA StyleDenitsa Petrova Dineva, Jan Christian Breitsohl, Brian Garrod. Corporate conflict management on social media brand fan pages. Journal of Marketing Management. 2017; 33 (9-10):1-20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDenitsa Petrova Dineva; Jan Christian Breitsohl; Brian Garrod. 2017. "Corporate conflict management on social media brand fan pages." Journal of Marketing Management 33, no. 9-10: 1-20.
To fulfil international conservation commitments, governments have begun to recognise the need for more proactive marine planning policies, advocating sensitive engineering design that can deliver secondary benefits above and beyond the primary purpose of developments. In response, there is growing scientific interest in novel multi-functional coastal defence structures with built-in secondary ecological and/or socio-economic benefits. To ensure research efforts are invested effectively, it is first necessary to determine what secondary benefits can potentially be built-in to engineered coastal defence structures, and further, which of these benefits would be most desirable. It is unlikely that secondary benefits are perceived in the same way across different stakeholder groups. Further, their order of priority when evaluating different options is unlikely to be consistent, since each option will present a suite of compromises and trade-offs. The aim of this study was to investigate stakeholder attitudes towards multi-functional coastal defence developments across different sector groups. A preliminary questionnaire indicated unanimous support for implementing multi-functional structures in place of traditional single-purpose ones. This preliminary survey informed the design of a Delphi-like study, which revealed a more nuanced and caveated level of support from a panel of experts and practitioners. The study also elicited a degree of consensus that the most desirable secondary benefits that could be built-in to developments would be ecological ones – prioritised over social, economic and technical benefits. This paper synthesises these findings, discusses the perceived barriers that remain, and proposes a stepwise approach to effective implementation of multi-functional coastal defence developments.
Ally J. Evans; Brian Garrod; Louise B. Firth; Stephen J. Hawkins; Elisabeth S. Morris-Webb; Harry Goudge; Pippa J. Moore. Stakeholder priorities for multi-functional coastal defence developments and steps to effective implementation. Marine Policy 2017, 75, 143 -155.
AMA StyleAlly J. Evans, Brian Garrod, Louise B. Firth, Stephen J. Hawkins, Elisabeth S. Morris-Webb, Harry Goudge, Pippa J. Moore. Stakeholder priorities for multi-functional coastal defence developments and steps to effective implementation. Marine Policy. 2017; 75 ():143-155.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlly J. Evans; Brian Garrod; Louise B. Firth; Stephen J. Hawkins; Elisabeth S. Morris-Webb; Harry Goudge; Pippa J. Moore. 2017. "Stakeholder priorities for multi-functional coastal defence developments and steps to effective implementation." Marine Policy 75, no. : 143-155.
Mature tourism destinations are increasingly needing to diversify their products and markets. To be successful, such strategies require a very detailed understanding of potential tourists’ levels and patterns of spending. Empirical studies of tourist expenditure have tended to employ ordinary least squares regression for this purpose. There are, however, a number of important limitations to this technique, chief among which is its inability to distinguish between tourists who have higher- and lower-than-average levels of spending. As such, some researchers recommend the use of an alternative estimation technique, known as quantile regression, which does allow such distinctions to be made. This study uses a single data set, collected among rural tourists in Madeira, to analyse the determinants of tourist expenditure using both techniques. This enables direct comparison to be made and illustrates the additional insights to be gained using quantile regression.
António Almeida; Brian Garrod. Insights from analysing tourist expenditure using quantile regression. Tourism Economics 2016, 23, 1138 -1145.
AMA StyleAntónio Almeida, Brian Garrod. Insights from analysing tourist expenditure using quantile regression. Tourism Economics. 2016; 23 (5):1138-1145.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntónio Almeida; Brian Garrod. 2016. "Insights from analysing tourist expenditure using quantile regression." Tourism Economics 23, no. 5: 1138-1145.
This article makes a systematic review of the use of participant-generated image methods in social science research. Such methods have a long history of application across the social sciences. Their development has, however, been uneven and fragmented, resulting in a lack of gestalt (wholeness or unity). This has led to the methods being underappreciated and sometimes mistrusted. The article compares and contrasts the design, implementation, and analytical methods of nearly 300 studies. Six main groups or traditions are identified. However, the study finds no strong evidence that any is distinctive enough to warrant being awarded its own name. Meanwhile, no convincing evidence is found to suggest that best practice has either been identified or adopted.
Nika Balomenou; Brian Garrod. A Review of Participant-Generated Image Methods in the Social Sciences. Journal of Mixed Methods Research 2016, 10, 335 -351.
AMA StyleNika Balomenou, Brian Garrod. A Review of Participant-Generated Image Methods in the Social Sciences. Journal of Mixed Methods Research. 2016; 10 (4):335-351.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNika Balomenou; Brian Garrod. 2016. "A Review of Participant-Generated Image Methods in the Social Sciences." Journal of Mixed Methods Research 10, no. 4: 335-351.
Studies of how people react to scandals in the tourism industry are scarce. Based on an online survey (n=1350) and grounded in cognitive appraisal theory, this study examines people?s reactions to a hypothetical breach of ethics at a tourism destination. Results from a structural equation model suggest that the more severe the scandal and the greater the attribution of responsibility to agencies within the destination, the more likely it is that an individual will develop hostile emotions toward the destination. The tourist may then decide to avoid the incident emotionally or to spread negative word of mouth (WOM) about it. The study also highlights the importance of a positive destination image in reducing hostile emotions during a scandal. Moreover, tourists will be more likely to re-visit a destination if they choose to avoid engaging emotionally with a scandal and less likely to do so if they spread negative WOM.publishersversionPeer reviewe
Jan Breitsohl; Brian Garrod. Assessing tourists' cognitive, emotional and behavioural reactions to an unethical destination incident. Tourism Management 2016, 54, 209 -220.
AMA StyleJan Breitsohl, Brian Garrod. Assessing tourists' cognitive, emotional and behavioural reactions to an unethical destination incident. Tourism Management. 2016; 54 ():209-220.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJan Breitsohl; Brian Garrod. 2016. "Assessing tourists' cognitive, emotional and behavioural reactions to an unethical destination incident." Tourism Management 54, no. : 209-220.
This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Taylor & Francis via http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2016.1165657In a number of countries, local tourism associations (LTAs) are being expected to adopt the destination marketing role formerly attributed to regional-level destination marketing organisations (DMOs), which are presently either being actively dissolved or targeted for closure. Destination marketing can, however, be understood to be a public good (or, more precisely, a public service), which would generally prevent its provision by a subscription-based organisation such as an LTA. This is due to the presence of a strong ?free-rider? incentive for non-subscribers. The findings of this study show that LTAs in the UK have been able to overcome this ?free rider? effect by creating bundles of private and public benefits, the former being the benefits offered by the LTA in its traditional role as a trade representative body and the latter being the benefits associated with its newly acquired role as a local DMO. A qualitative?interpretive approach is adopted, using data gathered from LTA websites. While the conclusions are based on the UK policy context, it can be argued that the UK is a good analogue for other contexts. As such, the efforts of LTAs based in the UK to adapt to their new role are instructive for LTAs more generally.Peer reviewe
Brian Garrod; Alan Fyall. Collaborative destination marketing at the local level: benefits bundling and the changing role of the local tourism association. Current Issues in Tourism 2016, 20, 668 -690.
AMA StyleBrian Garrod, Alan Fyall. Collaborative destination marketing at the local level: benefits bundling and the changing role of the local tourism association. Current Issues in Tourism. 2016; 20 (7):668-690.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrian Garrod; Alan Fyall. 2016. "Collaborative destination marketing at the local level: benefits bundling and the changing role of the local tourism association." Current Issues in Tourism 20, no. 7: 668-690.
Balomenou, N., Garrod, B. J. (2014). Using Volunteer-Employed Photography to Inform Tourism Planning Decisions: A Study of St David?s Peninsula, Wales. Tourism Management, 44, 126-139More effective tools are needed to empower stakeholder participation in tourism planning processes, and volunteer-employed photography (VEP) is a promising option. This paper discusses the use of VEP to inform tourism planning on St David?s Peninsula in Wales. Locals and tourists were given cameras and photo diaries, and asked to use VEP to comment on what they do and do not appreciate about the area, existing planning problems and ways to avoid future planning problems. Through this case, the paper examines the appropriateness of VEP as a tool for assisting tourism planning. The major finding is that a richer, deeper and more valuable dataset can be generated through the participation of host communities and visitors using the VEP approach. As a means of visually representing participants? views, VEP can be a powerful data collection and analysis tool, making a significant addition to the tourism planning toolkit at the local level.Peer reviewe
Nika Balomenou; Brian Garrod. Using volunteer-employed photography to inform tourism planning decisions: A study of St David's Peninsula, Wales. Tourism Management 2014, 44, 126 -139.
AMA StyleNika Balomenou, Brian Garrod. Using volunteer-employed photography to inform tourism planning decisions: A study of St David's Peninsula, Wales. Tourism Management. 2014; 44 ():126-139.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNika Balomenou; Brian Garrod. 2014. "Using volunteer-employed photography to inform tourism planning decisions: A study of St David's Peninsula, Wales." Tourism Management 44, no. : 126-139.
Brian Garrod. World heritage: benefits beyond borders. Journal of Heritage Tourism 2013, 9, 91 -92.
AMA StyleBrian Garrod. World heritage: benefits beyond borders. Journal of Heritage Tourism. 2013; 9 (1):91-92.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrian Garrod. 2013. "World heritage: benefits beyond borders." Journal of Heritage Tourism 9, no. 1: 91-92.
Revenue management is often identified as a potentially valuable tool for addressing some of the challenges currently facing visitor attractions. This article sets out to investigate the adoption of revenue-management practices by Scottish paid-entry attractions and examines how this usage has changed over the period 1999–2009. It begins with a review of the literature published over that decade and then outlines the research methods used to gather the data used in the study. Key findings indicate that while there is significant potential for Scottish visitor attractions to employ revenue-management practices, their current use is limited both in terms of scope and sophistication. Greater adoption of revenue-management practices, such as price differentiation and the management of revenue information, is evident across the sector. However, attractions charging higher admission prices and with greater levels of turnover tend to be those adopting the more advanced revenue-management practices. The range of revenue-generation streams employed by Scottish attractions has widened over the decade, as has the range of pricing mechanisms employed. The findings indicate the value of longitudinal research and indicate the need for further work in this area.
Anna Leask; Alan Fyall; Brian Garrod. Managing revenue in Scottish visitor attractions. Current Issues in Tourism 2013, 16, 240 -265.
AMA StyleAnna Leask, Alan Fyall, Brian Garrod. Managing revenue in Scottish visitor attractions. Current Issues in Tourism. 2013; 16 (3):240-265.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Leask; Alan Fyall; Brian Garrod. 2013. "Managing revenue in Scottish visitor attractions." Current Issues in Tourism 16, no. 3: 240-265.
Brian Garrod. Tourism and Animal Ethics. Tourism Management 2013, 37, 50 -51.
AMA StyleBrian Garrod. Tourism and Animal Ethics. Tourism Management. 2013; 37 ():50-51.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrian Garrod. 2013. "Tourism and Animal Ethics." Tourism Management 37, no. : 50-51.
The literature on destination marketing and management has expanded rapidly in recent years and much of this growth has focused on attempting to understand the dynamics of the destination “system”, particularly in the context of the increasingly competitive market environment in which destinations find they now operate. Rather less attention has been paid, meanwhile, to the potential for collaboration to enhance destination competitiveness and contribute to broader destination development goals. While there has been some research into the role of destination marketing organisations, the literature has largely ignored the different ways in which collaboration may take place within and between destinations, often simultaneously. These different dimensions of destination collaboration are outlined in the paper and termed “organic”, “mediated intra-destination” and “mediated intra- and inter-destination”. Recognising these different dimensions raises an important question for research into destination marketing and management: how well do the existing theories of collaboration explain and inform destination collaboration both within and between destinations? The paper attempts to address this question, beginning with a critical analysis of the various theoretical approaches that have been advanced in attempting to understand inter-organisational collaboration. Five such approaches are identified and each is briefly outlined. The paper then applies these theories to each of the three forms of destination collaboration, drawing out the different implications they have for how collaboration is undertaken. As such, the paper highlights the need for a more sophisticated, multi-dimensional approach to theorising destination collaboration.
Alan Fyall; Brian Garrod; Youcheng Wang. Destination collaboration: A critical review of theoretical approaches to a multi-dimensional phenomenon. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 2012, 1, 10 -26.
AMA StyleAlan Fyall, Brian Garrod, Youcheng Wang. Destination collaboration: A critical review of theoretical approaches to a multi-dimensional phenomenon. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. 2012; 1 (1-2):10-26.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlan Fyall; Brian Garrod; Youcheng Wang. 2012. "Destination collaboration: A critical review of theoretical approaches to a multi-dimensional phenomenon." Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 1, no. 1-2: 10-26.