Objective: The artificial intelligence competition in healthcare was organized for the first time at the annual aviation, space, and technology festival (TEKNOFEST), Istanbul/Türkiye, in September 2021. In this article, the data set preparation and competition processes were explained in detail; the anonymized and annotated data set is also provided via official website for further research. Materials and Methods: Data set recorded over the period covering 2019 and 2020 were centrally screened from the e-Pulse and Teleradiology System of the Republic of Türkiye, Ministry of Health using various codes and filtering criteria. The data set was anonymized. The data set was prepared, pooled, curated, and annotated by 7 radiologists. The training data set was shared with the teams via a dedicated file transfer protocol server, which could be accessed using private usernames and passwords given to the teams under a nondisclosure agreement signed by the representative of each team. Results: The competition consisted of 2 stages. In the first stage, teams were given 192 digital imaging and communications in medicine images that belong to 1 of 3 possible categories namely, hemorrhage, ischemic, or non-stroke. Teams were asked to classify each image as either stroke present or absent. In the second stage of the competition, qualifying 36 teams were given 97 digital imaging and communications in medicine images that contained hemorrhage, ischemia, or both lesions. Among the employed methods, Unet and DeepLabv3 were the most frequently observed ones. Conclusion: Artificial intelligence competitions in healthcare offer good opportunities to collect data reflecting various cases and problems. Especially, annotated data set by domain experts is more valuable. Cite this article as: Koç U, Akçapınar Sezer E, Alper Özkaya Y, et al. Artificial intelligence in healthcare competition (TEKNOFEST-2021): Stroke data set. Eurasian J Med., 2022;54(3):248-258.

Background/Aims: Pancreatic steatosis (PS) is a subject of current interest and its prevalence has been reported to range from 16.1% to 30.7% using various radiological methods. This study aimed to evaluate PS prevalence with non-contrast computed tomography (CT). Materials and Methods: The non-contrast CT scans taken in 2016 and 2017 in our hospital were retrospectively screened. A total of 637 cases (320 males, 317 females) were included in the study. CT number measurements were performed from three anatomic regions of the pancreas using regions of interest (ROI) of approximately 1 cm2. The cases with a <0.7 ratio of the pancreatic over splenic CT number were accepted as quantitatively steatosis-positive. Anthropometric evaluations were undertaken by determining various parameters defined on CT. Results: PS was determined visually in 30.6% of the males and 29% of the females, and quantitatively in 32.8% and 30.6%, respectively. A positive agreement was determined between the quantitative and visual evaluations of steatosis (Cohen’s kappa coefficient=0.587, p<0.001). Although PS was seen to be mostly diffuse, the tail region of the pancreas was determined to be the area with most steatosis. Conclusion: PS is usually overlooked in radiology practice but it has a clinical presentation with non-insignificant prevalence. Current radiological methods are adequate in the evaluation of PS. The determination of the cut-off values for various criteria on non-contrast CT can provide more objective evaluations.

Purpose: To evaluate thiol-disulphide homeostasis – a novel, easily calculated, readily available, and relatively cheap oxidative stress marker – in radiation workers and compare the results with healthy controls. Materials and methods: A total of 108 participants were enrolled in the study including 63 hospital workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation in the units of interventional radiology, interventional cardiology and nuclear medicine. A control group consisted of 45 individuals staff in the same hospital. Serum thiol-disulphide homeostasis measurement was investigated via the spectrophotometric method newly described by Erel and Neşelioğlu. Results: The mean serum native thiol levels of radiation workers (528.96 ± 86.42 μmol/l) was significantly lower than control subjects (561.05 ± 104.83 μmol/l) (p = .045). The mean serum total thiol levels of radiation workers (547.70 ± 91.50 μmol/l) was lower than control subjects (580.36 ± 112.24 μmol/l). Nevertheless, there was no significant difference between total thiol of exposed workers and controls. Conclusions: The results show that long-term low dose ionizing radiation may lead to oxidative stress and have side-effects in antioxidant thiol groups. We may suggest supporting radiation workers by safe antioxidant nutritional formulations and following up via both physical dosimetry and biodosimetric methods.

The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the incidence and risk factors for the serious complications of pneumothorax and/or parenchymal haemorrhage occurring after computed tomography (CT) guided transthoracic biopsy. The relation between the incidence of pneumothorax and parenchymal haemorrhage due to biopsy, age, sex, lesion localization, lesion size, duration of the procedure, depth of lesion, number of pleural insertions of the biopsy needle and pathology results were statistically evaluated. Between 2016 and 2017, 309 cases with lesions below 3 cm in diameter of a total of 768 (40.2%) CT-guided chest biopsy patients were selected for retrospective review. The rate of pneumothorax and parenchymal haemorrhage was 18.1% (59/309) and 51% (158/309), respectively post biopsy. The number of needle pleural insertions was correlated with the development of pneumothorax (P = 0.002). At regression analysis, for parenchymal haemorrhage, lesion depth (P < 0.001) and total procedure time (p=0.036) were determined as the most important independent risk factors. Pneumothorax and parenchymal haemorrhage are common complications after CT-guided percutaneous biopsy. The minimum number of needle-pleural insertions, the optimal access route to the lesion and as quick as possible biopsy procedure should be selected to reduce the risk of pneumothorax and parenchymal haemorrhage.