The eruption at Volcán de Colima (México) on 10–11 July 2015 represents the most violent eruption that has occurred at this volcano since the 1913 Plinian eruption. The extraordinary runout of the associated pyroclastic flows was never observed during the past dome collapse events in 1991 or 2004–2005. Based on Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre (SPOT) and Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) ALI (Advanced Land Imager), the chronology of the different eruptive phases from September 2014 to September 2016 is reconstructed here. A digital image segmentation procedure allowed for the mapping of the trajectory of the lava flows emplaced on the main cone as well as the pyroclastic flow deposits that inundated the Montegrande ravine on the southern flank of the volcano. Digital surface models (DSMs) obtained from SPOT/6 dual-stereoscopic and tri-stereopair images were used to estimate the volumes of some lava flows and the main pyroclastic flow deposits. We estimated that the total volume of the magma that erupted during the 2014–2016 event was approximately 40 × 10⁷ m³, which is one order of magnitude lower than that of the 1913 Plinian eruption. These data are fundamental for improving hazard assessment because the July 2015 eruption represents a unique scenario that has never before been observed at Volcán de Colima. Volume estimation provides complementary data to better understand eruptive processes, and detailed maps of the distributions of lava flows and pyroclastic flows represent fundamental tools for calibrating numerical modeling for hazard assessment. The stereo capabilities of the SPOT6/7 satellites for the detection of topographic changes and the and the availability of EO-1 ALI imagery are useful tools for reconstructing multitemporal eruptive events, even in areas that are not accessible due to ongoing eruptive activity.

Mexico’s vast archaeological research tradition has increased with the use of remote sensing technologies; however, this recent approach is still costly in emerging market economies. In addition, the scales of prospection, landscape, and violence affect the type of research that heritage-culture ministries and universities can conduct. In Central Mexico, researchers have studied the pre-Hispanic Settlement Pattern during the Mesoamerican Postclassic (900-1521 AD) within the scope of the Aztec Empire and its conquests. There are settlements indications before and during the rule of the central empire, but the evidence is difficult to identify, particularly in the southwest of the capital, in the transition between the Lerma and Balsas River basins and their political-geographical complexities. This research focuses on a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based processing of multiple source data, the potential prospection of archaeological sites based on spatial data integration from Sentinel-2 optical sensors, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), Digital Terrain Model (DTM), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and field validation. What is revealed is the relationship between terrain morphologies and anthropic modifications. A binary map expresses possible archaeological remnants as a percentage; NDVI pixels and the morphometry values were associated with anthropic features (meso-reliefs with a tendency to regular geometries: slope, orientation, and roughness index); they were then interpreted as probable archaeological evidence. Within archaeological fieldwork, with limited resources (time, funding and staff), this approach proposes a robust method that can be replicated in other mountainous landscapes that are densely covered by vegetation.

The Toluca Valley Aquifer belongs to High Lerma River Basin in Mexico State, showed the second most over exploited aquifer of Mexico. At present, the resource extraction had caused negative impacts like subsidence processes whose induce fissures as many urban zones as industrial zones, thus involving a geological and soil compression in the design zone.The objective was to evaluate subsidence processes in the Toluca Valley, since interferometric differential techniques who enable to precisely estimation of the land velocity deformation.In fact it applied the radar interferometric method (InSAr) well-known like “Persistent Scatterer” (PS), to major precision. On difference of DinSAR, PS allows pixels selection who shows major quality in his amplitude and phase (bright radar targets) beginning from manifolds SAR dates. Were obtained 30 ENVISAT-ASAR images thus in Single Light Complex (SLC) mode, for 2003-2010 period, with rank-acimut resolution of 20.16 x 24.34.The results show deformation velocities upper 50 mm/year with great limits as many as to 200 mm/year. In spatial terms, the great subsidence processes correspond to the central basin zone, coinciding with historic center of Toluca city, like than east of basin in zones cultivation and swamps. For work validation it analyzed the superficial aquifer decrease level since piezometric dates and her stratigraphic relationship in field. Whatever, it found a direct relationship between affected zones of subsidence in agreement with PS and registered points with major aquifer low spirits in record with depth static level of ground.Revista Ciencias Espaciales, Volumen 8, Número 1 Primavera, 2015; 294-309