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Prof. Cláudia Fernandes
1. Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Planning, School of Sciences, University of Porto

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0 Invasive Species
0 social-ecological systems
0 Landscape planning, design, and management
0 Landscape education
0 (novel) urban ecosystems

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Communication
Published: 12 August 2021 in Land
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Novel assemblages of biotic, abiotic, and social components resulting from human-induced actions (e.g., climate change, land-use change, species movement) have been labeled as “Novel Ecosystems”, or “Novel Urban Ecosystems” when emerging in urban contexts. This concept has been shifting perspectives among some scientists and making them question traditional values about human-nature interactions in a rapidly changing era dominated by anthropogenic actions (Anthropocene). Controversial dimensions surrounding the Novel Ecosystems and Novel Urban Ecosystems terms may be preventing the evolution and further research of these concepts. The environmental problems that our society will soon face support a search for innovative solutions and transdisciplinary efforts. For that reason, this discussion should not cease, rather should expand to other fields of knowledge that can contribute with pertinent insights and collaborations. This way, this short communication aims to reflect on the opportunities from Landscape Architecture to the discussion, research, and application of the novel ecosystems concepts in the real world, particularly in the urban landscape, and also reflect on the opportunities of this debate to the Landscape Architecture field. Ultimately, Landscape Architecture can contribute with innovative and creative perspectives, acceding valuable and advanced tools, facilitating dialogues between fields of knowledge, and bridging gaps between science, people, and nature.

ACS Style

Catarina Patoilo Teixeira; Cláudia Oliveira Fernandes; Jack Ahern. Novel Urban Ecosystems: Opportunities from and to Landscape Architecture. Land 2021, 10, 844 .

AMA Style

Catarina Patoilo Teixeira, Cláudia Oliveira Fernandes, Jack Ahern. Novel Urban Ecosystems: Opportunities from and to Landscape Architecture. Land. 2021; 10 (8):844.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Catarina Patoilo Teixeira; Cláudia Oliveira Fernandes; Jack Ahern. 2021. "Novel Urban Ecosystems: Opportunities from and to Landscape Architecture." Land 10, no. 8: 844.

Review
Published: 07 June 2021 in Ecological Indicators
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Indicators are increasingly needed in landscape assessment. Over recent years, a wide range of methods and assessment frameworks were developed to describe and evaluate landscape. However, landscape study is supported by several disciplines with different research targets and goals. Hence, it is not clear to what extent academic research shows interest in holistic, multidisciplinary, and integrative approaches combining a broad spectrum of indicators. To assess this, the ability to compare research outcomes through the indicators they have used provides common ground, enabling a comprehensive analysis across several fields and topic areas. Which six categories of indicators are commonly considered and combined (e.g., ecological, historical-cultural, socioeconomic, land use, environmental and perceptual), along with the leading research trends and gaps of integrative assessments is of particular interest to landscape assessment research. Relevant records were selected following a PRISMA protocol, where indicators used in the literature were identified and organised according to the six category reference framework. Only papers with at least three categories were further analysed according to the spatial and temporal context, the integration of indicators, and the primary assessment goals. Finally, a random forest model is explored to predict which variables correlate the most with integrative studies. Main research trends and gaps are also presented and discussed. Results revealed that, although the number of integrative studies has increased through time, only 14 of the 239 retrieved records (5%) consider all six categories of indicators. The most combined indicators are ecological and land use, also registering the highest increasing trend. Historical-cultural and perceptual indicators were the least mentioned (6 and 7%, respectively). Records related to planning, management and policy monitoring goals are the most successful for stimulating integration. Studies target mainly heterogeneous regions (31%), followed by urban and agricultural landscapes (16% and 14%). In conclusion, the main integration gaps pertain to the socioeconomic, perceptual, and historical categories. This review offers an innovative approach to compare indicators used by different assessment frameworks, disciplines, and topic areas. The presence of indicators from different categories enabled the operationalisation of a systematic, formal, and applicable evaluation system to a large number of articles. This simplification offers one of many possible perspectives on a very complex issue, difficult to measure and evaluate.

ACS Style

Ana Medeiros; Cláudia Fernandes; João F. Gonçalves; Paulo Farinha-Marques. Research trends on integrative landscape assessment using indicators – A systematic review. Ecological Indicators 2021, 129, 107815 .

AMA Style

Ana Medeiros, Cláudia Fernandes, João F. Gonçalves, Paulo Farinha-Marques. Research trends on integrative landscape assessment using indicators – A systematic review. Ecological Indicators. 2021; 129 ():107815.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Medeiros; Cláudia Fernandes; João F. Gonçalves; Paulo Farinha-Marques. 2021. "Research trends on integrative landscape assessment using indicators – A systematic review." Ecological Indicators 129, no. : 107815.

Journal article
Published: 29 January 2021 in Science of The Total Environment
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Urban areas are continuously subjected to anthropogenic transformations that result in the emergence of novel urban ecosystems. To prepare for and respond to contemporary negative environmental impacts (e.g., climate change, land-use change, biological invasions), it is increasingly urgent to plan and adapt cities' green infrastructure. Accordingly, the inclusion of the novel ecosystems concept in urban planning and management is pertinent and necessary. Nevertheless, identification or measurement of ecological novelty has been challenging and can be problematic without the appropriate methods. The objectives of this study are to 1) develop and test a methodology to assess novelty in urban ecosystems grounded on the combination of both human and biotic dimensions of the novel ecosystems concept, and 2) discuss the implications that urban ecological novelty assessment can have for future urban green infrastructure planning and management. In contrast to other proposed methods, this assessment considers the human dimension of the concept as equally important as the biotic dimension, once the human presence is pervasive and a fundamental component of urban landscapes. The proposed working methodology was tested in Porto, Portugal, in study sites with contrasting human-induced transformation pathways and plant species assemblages, thus theoretically representing different degrees of urban ecological novelty. The methodology developed in this work is straightforward and can be adjusted and replicated to other cities according to available data and tools. Above all, the assessment of urban ecological novelty can inform future urban planning and management and assist in investigating novel urban ecosystems.

ACS Style

Catarina Patoilo Teixeira; Cláudia Oliveira Fernandes; Jack Ahern; João Pradinho Honrado; Paulo Farinha-Marques. Urban ecological novelty assessment: Implications for urban green infrastructure planning and management. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 773, 145121 .

AMA Style

Catarina Patoilo Teixeira, Cláudia Oliveira Fernandes, Jack Ahern, João Pradinho Honrado, Paulo Farinha-Marques. Urban ecological novelty assessment: Implications for urban green infrastructure planning and management. Science of The Total Environment. 2021; 773 ():145121.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Catarina Patoilo Teixeira; Cláudia Oliveira Fernandes; Jack Ahern; João Pradinho Honrado; Paulo Farinha-Marques. 2021. "Urban ecological novelty assessment: Implications for urban green infrastructure planning and management." Science of The Total Environment 773, no. : 145121.

Research article
Published: 03 September 2020 in International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology
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The complex interaction of ecological and social systems has shaped the cities through the time. This fosters the need to develop interdisciplinary approaches to urban issues by combining natural and social sciences. Cities, as the predominant mode of social organization, are vulnerable to social and environmental challenges which urban green spaces (UGS) can contribute to solve by the ecosystem services (ES) that can provide. The objective was to assess the quality of UGS framed by the ES classification and relate with the provision of these services in areas of distinct socioeconomic and environmental deprivation. An evaluation grid was applied in 25 UGS in the city of Porto. Socioeconomic and environmental deprivation index applied by the Porto City Hall in the Municipal Master plan to divide the city into 5 clusters of deprivation was used to select 5 UGS of each cluster. In the most deprived communities, namely in clusters of high and very high socioeconomic and environmental deprivation, the quality of UGS is lower than in the less vulnerable ones. Besides this, it was found that some UGS located in clusters with higher vulnerability have an overall good quality, namely those located in historic and touristic areas of the city. The evaluation grid may be useful to the local authorities to diagnose, monitor and evaluate the ES of UGS and to identify situations of environmental injustice contributing to pursue the implementation of sustainable development goals at a local level.

ACS Style

Diogo Guedes Vidal; Cláudia Oliveira Fernandes; Lilian Monteiro Ferrari Viterbo; Helena Vilaça; Nelson Barros; Rui Leandro Maia. Combining an evaluation grid application to assess ecosystem services of urban green spaces and a socioeconomic spatial analysis. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 2020, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Diogo Guedes Vidal, Cláudia Oliveira Fernandes, Lilian Monteiro Ferrari Viterbo, Helena Vilaça, Nelson Barros, Rui Leandro Maia. Combining an evaluation grid application to assess ecosystem services of urban green spaces and a socioeconomic spatial analysis. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology. 2020; ():1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Diogo Guedes Vidal; Cláudia Oliveira Fernandes; Lilian Monteiro Ferrari Viterbo; Helena Vilaça; Nelson Barros; Rui Leandro Maia. 2020. "Combining an evaluation grid application to assess ecosystem services of urban green spaces and a socioeconomic spatial analysis." International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology , no. : 1-12.

Book chapter
Published: 05 May 2020 in Landscape Architecture: Processes and Practices Towards Sustainable Development [Working Title]
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The abandonment and decline of rural regions are conveying huge challenges to their planning and management. The extraordinary natural and cultural values the landscapes of these regions usually display, coupled with the growing need for urban populations to reconnect with nature, have led to an increased demand for these territories for tourism activities. However, the high sensibility of most of these landscapes requires that the promotion of tourism activities be well thought out and regulated. Therefore, it is necessary to devise strategies to implement a sustainable tourism that can boost the economy and secure the population and, simultaneously, protect the values in presence. In this chapter, a methodology is proposed that approaches the landscape planning from a multiscale perspective, based on (1) a macroanalysis grounded on green and blue infrastructures, (2) the delimitation of areas with distinct landscape character, (3) the identification and requalification of strategic microsites and links following a rural acupuncture concept, and (4) the implementation of a local sustainable tourism network that is expected to have a broad impact in the whole region. The applicability of the proposed methodology was tested in a case study in the north of Portugal, specifically in the Olo river basin.

ACS Style

Cláudia Oliveira Fernandes; Giulia Olivetti. Planning for Sustainable Tourism Based on Green Infrastructure: A Multiscale Methodology for Revitalizing Depopulated Rural Landscapes. Landscape Architecture: Processes and Practices Towards Sustainable Development [Working Title] 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Cláudia Oliveira Fernandes, Giulia Olivetti. Planning for Sustainable Tourism Based on Green Infrastructure: A Multiscale Methodology for Revitalizing Depopulated Rural Landscapes. Landscape Architecture: Processes and Practices Towards Sustainable Development [Working Title]. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cláudia Oliveira Fernandes; Giulia Olivetti. 2020. "Planning for Sustainable Tourism Based on Green Infrastructure: A Multiscale Methodology for Revitalizing Depopulated Rural Landscapes." Landscape Architecture: Processes and Practices Towards Sustainable Development [Working Title] , no. : 1.

Review
Published: 19 November 2019 in Landscape Ecology
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Anthropogenic changes (e.g., climate change, land-use change, species introductions, etc.) are reshaping ecosystems processes and patterns and causing an intense reorganization of the Earth's biotic systems. As a result, unprecedented combinations of species are emerging, forming “novel ecosystems”. The goals of this work are: (1) to examine the history and relevance of the novel ecosystems concept in non-urban and urban contexts, and (2) to evaluate what has been the focus of the research about the novel ecosystems concept in non-urban and urban contexts. Through an extensive systematic review, we collected 548 records published between 1997 and 2018. After applying inclusion/exclusion criteria the final database comprised 255 relevant records that were further examined and classified according to the scope of this review. Our results demonstrated that research referring to the novel ecosystems concept has been mainly focused on non-urban areas. Still, there is a growing interest in exploring this concept in the urban domain. The definition and criteria used to describe novel ecosystems have been transforming over the years. Research has been mainly targeted on multiple taxonomic groups and plants, on terrestrial ecosystems, and conducted in North America. Overall, restoration ecology, conservation, biodiversity, ecosystem services, and climate change have been the most discussed topics in the novel ecosystems’ literature. Our review confirms that the application of the novel ecosystems concept to urban areas is pertinent and auspicious. Future research should seek to understand the limits and differences of novel ecosystems in non-urban and urban contexts.

ACS Style

Catarina Patoilo Teixeira; Cláudia Oliveira Fernandes. Novel ecosystems: a review of the concept in non-urban and urban contexts. Landscape Ecology 2019, 35, 23 -39.

AMA Style

Catarina Patoilo Teixeira, Cláudia Oliveira Fernandes. Novel ecosystems: a review of the concept in non-urban and urban contexts. Landscape Ecology. 2019; 35 (1):23-39.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Catarina Patoilo Teixeira; Cláudia Oliveira Fernandes. 2019. "Novel ecosystems: a review of the concept in non-urban and urban contexts." Landscape Ecology 35, no. 1: 23-39.

Journal article
Published: 05 February 2019 in Urban Science
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The article delves into the potential application of space syntax methodology to landscape architecture. Anticipating the complexity of the landscape architectural design process, the use of 3D space syntax analysis made it possible to better understand the relations between urban space shapes and their functions. The application of an iterative process of project improvement optimizes the fulfilment of the landscape architect vision, through changes in ground shaping, selection of tree species and their spatial distribution. This article explores the vegetation attributes of vegetation that are necessary to consider in landscape architecture projects in the context of the DepthSpace 3D software, using the case study of an urban park in Maia—Portugal. To achieve this, it was necessary to define the attributes to be inserted in the software. The main attributes of vegetation that can be employed in landscape architecture projects are form and dimension, growth speed, and visual permeability (opacity) of the crown in winter and summer. The software proved itself a useful tool, not only in studying and evaluating the effects of the final design, but also during project development.

ACS Style

António Ascensão; Laura Costa; Cláudia Fernandes; Franklim Morais; Catarina Ruivo. 3D Space Syntax Analysis: Attributes to be Applied in Landscape Architecture Projects. Urban Science 2019, 3, 20 .

AMA Style

António Ascensão, Laura Costa, Cláudia Fernandes, Franklim Morais, Catarina Ruivo. 3D Space Syntax Analysis: Attributes to be Applied in Landscape Architecture Projects. Urban Science. 2019; 3 (1):20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

António Ascensão; Laura Costa; Cláudia Fernandes; Franklim Morais; Catarina Ruivo. 2019. "3D Space Syntax Analysis: Attributes to be Applied in Landscape Architecture Projects." Urban Science 3, no. 1: 20.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2019 in Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
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Street trees can play an important role in the urban green infrastructure (UGI). However, changes in the urban fabric often have perverse effects on the structure, diversity, and performance of street trees, and, consequently, on their perception by the public. This research explores public perception of the current street tree adequacy in a coastal neighborhood of Porto that went through a major densification in its urban fabric during the second half of the 20th century. The research methodology included: i) a survey to evaluate public perception of tree services and disservices, and public perception of the adequacy of street trees in the study area; and ii) two Logit models relating public perception of tree services with the characteristics of respondents and streets. 96% of the respondents self-reported as tree lovers. However, more than 30% found the street trees of the study area inadequate to the present urban fabric and 5% have already made a complaint to the municipality. Characteristics of respondents and streets affect respondent’s perceptions. Education plays a key role in the acknowledgment of tree services. Older respondents are more likely to perceive trees as dangerous. Respondents who live on streets dominated by Black Poplar are more likely to dislike trees. implications on UGI planning and design advise an adjustment of tree dimensions to street dimensions, an increase in street tree diversity, and an improved street planting design. Results also suggest that an investment in education and information could lead to conflict mitigation.

ACS Style

Cláudia Oliveira Fernandes; Isabel Martinho da Silva; Catarina Patoilo Teixeira; Leonardo Costa. Between tree lovers and tree haters. Drivers of public perception regarding street trees and its implications on the urban green infrastructure planning. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2019, 37, 97 -108.

AMA Style

Cláudia Oliveira Fernandes, Isabel Martinho da Silva, Catarina Patoilo Teixeira, Leonardo Costa. Between tree lovers and tree haters. Drivers of public perception regarding street trees and its implications on the urban green infrastructure planning. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2019; 37 ():97-108.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cláudia Oliveira Fernandes; Isabel Martinho da Silva; Catarina Patoilo Teixeira; Leonardo Costa. 2019. "Between tree lovers and tree haters. Drivers of public perception regarding street trees and its implications on the urban green infrastructure planning." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 37, no. : 97-108.

Research article
Published: 24 July 2017 in Landscape Ecology
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Urban areas are traditionally overlooked by ecologists, but contain a wide range of biodiversity. The existing procedures for consistent recording of habitats and biodiversity are not sufficient to adequately describe urban environments in a fine scale. A method is required to provide information on biodiversity and its spatial distribution in urban areas, for scientific objectives and urban planning. A standardized procedure is presented for the classification and mapping of urban habitats, termed Urban Habitats Biodiversity Assessment (UrHBA), designed to capture the fine detail of urban ecosystems and provide spatial data suitable for analysis and communication. Urban Habitat Categories (UHCs) have been developed based on plant life forms, and adapted to the requirements of urban areas; new Non-Life Form categories are used to define Artificial Built Elements. Site Descriptors, Vegetation Layers and species are used to add further detail. Guidelines are provided for the mapping process, with site visits being used to elaborate the initial interpretation of remote sensed images. Data are recorded on standard forms which are linked to the mapped units. Examples of the procedure are included for a park in Porto, Portugal. Because the units are defined according to consistent rules, sites can be repeatedly surveyed to monitor change. The proposed methodology can be expressed in spatial formats and designed to inform urban planning processes and decisions regarding the conservation of green spaces and biodiversity. As the categories transcend species, the method is applicable in a wide range of urban areas.

ACS Style

Paulo Farinha-Marques; Cláudia Fernandes; Filipa Guilherme; José M. Lameiras; Paulo Alves; Robert G. H. Bunce. Urban Habitats Biodiversity Assessment (UrHBA): a standardized procedure for recording biodiversity and its spatial distribution in urban environments. Landscape Ecology 2017, 32, 1753 -1770.

AMA Style

Paulo Farinha-Marques, Cláudia Fernandes, Filipa Guilherme, José M. Lameiras, Paulo Alves, Robert G. H. Bunce. Urban Habitats Biodiversity Assessment (UrHBA): a standardized procedure for recording biodiversity and its spatial distribution in urban environments. Landscape Ecology. 2017; 32 (9):1753-1770.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paulo Farinha-Marques; Cláudia Fernandes; Filipa Guilherme; José M. Lameiras; Paulo Alves; Robert G. H. Bunce. 2017. "Urban Habitats Biodiversity Assessment (UrHBA): a standardized procedure for recording biodiversity and its spatial distribution in urban environments." Landscape Ecology 32, no. 9: 1753-1770.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2016 in Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
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ACS Style

Paulo Farinha-Marques; Cláudia Fernandes; Rita Gaio; Joaquim Costa; Filipa Guilherme. A sampling methodology to facilitate biodiversity assessment in public green spaces. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2016, 20, 218 -226.

AMA Style

Paulo Farinha-Marques, Cláudia Fernandes, Rita Gaio, Joaquim Costa, Filipa Guilherme. A sampling methodology to facilitate biodiversity assessment in public green spaces. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2016; 20 ():218-226.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paulo Farinha-Marques; Cláudia Fernandes; Rita Gaio; Joaquim Costa; Filipa Guilherme. 2016. "A sampling methodology to facilitate biodiversity assessment in public green spaces." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 20, no. : 218-226.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2016 in Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
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Demand for urban allotment plots has recently increased in Portugal but little is known about the characteristics and motivations of the demanding population, and if and how its characteristics affect its motivations. In this article, we use the Municipal Network of Urban Allotment Gardens (MNUAG)1 launched by the Portuguese municipality of Vila Nova de Gaia for an exploratory Case Study research. Based on the data collected in the MNUAG application forms submitted in the period 2012–2013, we describe the characteristics and the motivations of the population demanding for urban allotment gardens (UAG)2 and run a logit model to find if and how the motivations are influenced by the characteristics. The population of applicants to the MNUAG is quite diverse. It has a balanced gender distribution and an average age of 47 years. Most of the applicants are between 25 and 64 years old, and belong to households with 2–4 members. To supplement family budget, occupation of leisure times, and access to organic farming are its most important motivations, followed by environmental concerns, the practice of physical exercise, and education. Motivations are influenced by the characteristics. This study has identified two groups of applicants with contrasting motivations. Food security is the only significant motivation for the unemployed and low-income applicants. Food safety, health concerns, environmental concerns, recreation, and education are common and frequent motivations among the upper and intermediate professional groups. Results can have future implications on the MNUAG, namely on the UAG location and typology, plot number, and plot size. To meet the demand of all the types of applicants, while fostering social cohesion, the municipality should reinforce its current small UAG structure and add to the MNUAG one or two productive parks.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ACS Style

Isabel Silva; Cláudia Fernandes; Beatriz Castiglione; Leonardo Costa. Characteristics and motivations of potential users of urban allotment gardens: The case of Vila Nova de Gaia municipal network of urban allotment gardens. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2016, 20, 56 -64.

AMA Style

Isabel Silva, Cláudia Fernandes, Beatriz Castiglione, Leonardo Costa. Characteristics and motivations of potential users of urban allotment gardens: The case of Vila Nova de Gaia municipal network of urban allotment gardens. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2016; 20 ():56-64.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Isabel Silva; Cláudia Fernandes; Beatriz Castiglione; Leonardo Costa. 2016. "Characteristics and motivations of potential users of urban allotment gardens: The case of Vila Nova de Gaia municipal network of urban allotment gardens." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 20, no. : 56-64.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2014 in GOT - Journal of Geography and Spatial Planning
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ACS Style

Paulo Farinha-Marques; Cláudia Fernandes. Avaliação do património vegetal natural do Alto Douro Vinhateiro 2001 -2012. GOT - Journal of Geography and Spatial Planning 2014, 5, 93 -115.

AMA Style

Paulo Farinha-Marques, Cláudia Fernandes. Avaliação do património vegetal natural do Alto Douro Vinhateiro 2001 -2012. GOT - Journal of Geography and Spatial Planning. 2014; 5 (5):93-115.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paulo Farinha-Marques; Cláudia Fernandes. 2014. "Avaliação do património vegetal natural do Alto Douro Vinhateiro 2001 -2012." GOT - Journal of Geography and Spatial Planning 5, no. 5: 93-115.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2013 in Acta Oecologica
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This study assessed an integrated method for estimating the structural and functional trends of Mediterranean vegetation based on simple field characterizations. Despite considerable effort made by scientists to estimate vegetation dynamics, most methods are too complex to be applied and quantification achieved by non-specialists. We propose an alternative approach that converts simple measures such as generic vegetation cover into life forms or life traits. We used the Stochastic Dynamic Methodology, a dynamic approach based on a sequential process, to calculate the functional response to succession and anthropogenic disturbances using Raunkiaer's life form spectra. Using derived scenarios, the model was able to successfully translate functional and structural trends from simple field descriptions. The simulations demonstrate that this methodology can be used in environmental studies, particularly when specialised field botanists are not available.

ACS Style

Claudia Fernandes; João Alexandre Cabral; António Luís Crespí; Samantha Jane Hughes; Mário Santos. Converting simple vegetation surveys in functional dynamics. Acta Oecologica 2013, 48, 37 -46.

AMA Style

Claudia Fernandes, João Alexandre Cabral, António Luís Crespí, Samantha Jane Hughes, Mário Santos. Converting simple vegetation surveys in functional dynamics. Acta Oecologica. 2013; 48 ():37-46.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Claudia Fernandes; João Alexandre Cabral; António Luís Crespí; Samantha Jane Hughes; Mário Santos. 2013. "Converting simple vegetation surveys in functional dynamics." Acta Oecologica 48, no. : 37-46.

Review
Published: 01 September 2011 in Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research
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ACS Style

P. Farinha-Marques; José Miguel Lameiras; Cláudia Fernandes; S. Silva; Filipa Guilherme. Urban biodiversity: a review of current concepts and contributions to multidisciplinary approaches. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research 2011, 24, 247 -271.

AMA Style

P. Farinha-Marques, José Miguel Lameiras, Cláudia Fernandes, S. Silva, Filipa Guilherme. Urban biodiversity: a review of current concepts and contributions to multidisciplinary approaches. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research. 2011; 24 (3):247-271.

Chicago/Turabian Style

P. Farinha-Marques; José Miguel Lameiras; Cláudia Fernandes; S. Silva; Filipa Guilherme. 2011. "Urban biodiversity: a review of current concepts and contributions to multidisciplinary approaches." Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research 24, no. 3: 247-271.

Journal article
Published: 30 December 2007 in Wildlife Biology in Practice
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ACS Style

Aurora Monzon; Sã³Nia Pinto; Adriano Castro; ClaãºDia P. Fernandes; Rogã©Rio Rodrigues; Sã³Nia Bernardos; António L. Crespí; Sónia Pinto; Claúdia P. Fernandes; Rogério Rodrigues; Alberto Costa; Sónia Bernardos. Evaluation of roe deer effects upon forest structure in Nogueira Mountain (NE of Portugal). Wildlife Biology in Practice 2007, 3, 60-72 .

AMA Style

Aurora Monzon, Sã³Nia Pinto, Adriano Castro, ClaãºDia P. Fernandes, Rogã©Rio Rodrigues, Sã³Nia Bernardos, António L. Crespí, Sónia Pinto, Claúdia P. Fernandes, Rogério Rodrigues, Alberto Costa, Sónia Bernardos. Evaluation of roe deer effects upon forest structure in Nogueira Mountain (NE of Portugal). Wildlife Biology in Practice. 2007; 3 (2):60-72.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aurora Monzon; Sã³Nia Pinto; Adriano Castro; ClaãºDia P. Fernandes; Rogã©Rio Rodrigues; Sã³Nia Bernardos; António L. Crespí; Sónia Pinto; Claúdia P. Fernandes; Rogério Rodrigues; Alberto Costa; Sónia Bernardos. 2007. "Evaluation of roe deer effects upon forest structure in Nogueira Mountain (NE of Portugal)." Wildlife Biology in Practice 3, no. 2: 60-72.

Original articles
Published: 01 November 2005 in Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology
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The encouraging results obtained in a previous work induced the authors to pursue here the characterization of the structure of the vegetation in northern Portugal, using the phytostructural methodology proposed earlier by the authors. With this objective, eight different types of vegetal communities, representative of the apparent states of the successional process present in this area, and representing the diversity of plant community types in the same area, were selected. The phytostructural method was elaborated on the basis of three types of structural basic matrices regarding diversity, abundance and cover. The data obtained were collected in a contingency matrix, which was then treated by means of a statistical multivariate analysis. Three structural tendencies emerged from this analysis. With the aim of studying their stability, the results are discussed in terms of resistance and resilience, according to the Highest Expressive Amplitude (HEA) concept, and by considering the intra- and inter-community structural dynamics as structural parameters. The data obtained suggest structural situations with different degrees of non-equilibrium that reflect resistance to environmental factors. The resistance of the vegetation is correlated with the apparent functional connectivity detected for the communities analysed.

ACS Style

António L. Crespí; S. Bernardos; A. Castro; C. P. Fernandes; Francisco Amich. Phytostructural characterization of several vegetation types in northern Portugal. II. The structural expressivity and the resistance of the vegetation. Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology 2005, 139, 387 -398.

AMA Style

António L. Crespí, S. Bernardos, A. Castro, C. P. Fernandes, Francisco Amich. Phytostructural characterization of several vegetation types in northern Portugal. II. The structural expressivity and the resistance of the vegetation. Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology. 2005; 139 (3):387-398.

Chicago/Turabian Style

António L. Crespí; S. Bernardos; A. Castro; C. P. Fernandes; Francisco Amich. 2005. "Phytostructural characterization of several vegetation types in northern Portugal. II. The structural expressivity and the resistance of the vegetation." Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology 139, no. 3: 387-398.