Information on the biological parameters of exploited fish stocks facilitates the objective assessment and management of these living resources. The sardine (Sardina pilchardus) is considered as overexploited in northwest Africa. It is a key species of the Canaries current large marine ecosystem (CCLME) of the Atlantic Ocean due to its socioeconomic importance, as well as being a key intermediary species in marine food web. A massive decline in caught fish for Senegal over half a century is also reported (61,648 t in 1994 to 7486 t in 2017). Here, we analyzed the age and growth parameters of sardines in the Exclusive Economic Zone of northern Senegal. Maximum body size was 31 cm total length (TL). A growth performance index (φ′) and a growth rate coefficient (K) of 2.65 and 0.85, respectively, were determined, with this being the first record for this country. Sardines had higher asymptotic length (L_∞, 30.5 cm TL) and age (6 years) in northern Senegal compared with Morocco (Atlantic Ocean) and the Mediterranean Sea. The asymptotic length found in Northern Senegal was also higher than in other part of the CCLME and Mediterranean Sea. This difference might be attributed to differences in the pelagic habitat, environmental factors, and/or fishing pressure. This study provides new insights towards establishing management measures, especially in data-poor fisheries and should act as an advocacy to increase sub-regional collaborations.

Fisheries management is an important strategy for ensuring sustainable use of resources. However, in West Africa, in the absence of quality data for many stocks and effective stock assessment models, the cases where this has been truly successful are notable for their rarity. In West Africa, small pelagic fish are of great socio-economic importance, as well as good indicators of fish stressors. Here, historical data (2004–2019) of five small pelagic species (Sardina pilchardus, Ethmalosa fimbriata, Trachurus trecae, Scomber colias and Mugil cephalus) were collected in Senegalese waters. The B/B_MSY results showed stocks to be collapsed (B/B_MSY = 0.13 and 0.1 for M. cephalus and S. pilchardus, respectively) and heavily overfished (B/B_MSY = 0.24; E. fimbriata). Only S. colias and T. trecae stock were considered to be in good condition (B/B_MSY = 1.7 and 1.4 respectively). The L_c/L_{c_opt} ratio was ≤ 1 for E. fimbriata and M. cephalus, suggesting that the individuals caught for these species were too small. To reverse these bad stock statuses, catching individuals at L_{c_opt}, 25, 21, 43 and 18 cm for S. colias, E. fimbriata, M. cephalus and S. pilchardus, respectively should be a natural guarantee against recruitment failure and allow individuals to ensure the long-term survival of populations, in a context of data poor fisheries. In conclusion, this study shows that, despite limitations, the LBB model can provides indicators of stock status for species to encourage management measures, especially in data poor countries. It is hoped that these results can help to better assess many stocks currently considered too data poor to be assessed or at least encourage data collection effort on stocks discerned as in bad or critical status.

Successful recruitment in small pelagic fish populations inhabiting upwelling zones is subject to variation in fecundity and is driven by spatial and temporal fluctuations in environmental conditions, that is, mainly sea surface temperature, salinity and food availability. These fluctuations in abiotic factors have stimulated small pelagic fish populations to exhibit specifically adapted spawning tactics. To better understand to what extent a short‐lived exploited fish species such as bonga shad Ethmalosa fimbriata has adapted to an upwelling environment, we have investigated the interrelationship between upwelling intensity as a proxy for productivity and population fecundity by means of a virtual population analysis. We found that females of intermediate size contributed significantly more eggs to the population's fecundity than smaller or larger ones. Our model results further indicate that E. fimbriata exhibits a spawning preference at water temperatures of around 25°C and upwelling intensities of around 2.5 m³ s⁻¹ m⁻¹. Hence, we hypothesize that climate change‐driven increases in sea temperatures and modifications of upwelling‐favourable winds could significantly impact the species’ reproductive biology. To understand how climate change might impact fisheries, spawning tactics of small pelagic fishes are important to assess as well as their recruitment success. Such information is particularly relevant in countries where the fishery is critical at socio‐economic level, to better implement fisheries management addressing multiple stressors.