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Tropical montane cloud forests (TMCF) have paramount importance with regards to hydrological and ecological functions. Despite such importance in terms of water provision, they are one of the most endangered ecosystems on the planet. One important topic that is still unclear is related to TMCF regeneration: can it recover the hydrological function of such critical ecosystems? In the present paper, the hydrological effects of the natural regeneration of TMCF were examined. We selected three catchments with different degrees of TMCF, and we examined the relationship between the amount of TMCF over time and hydrological variables such as water yields and baseflow using a time series (1984–2011). Our results suggest that the increase in TMCF cover can contribute to increases in water yield. This pattern was found in a catchment with an increase of approximately 20% of forest cover. In catchments with TMCF increase lower than this threshold, water yield and flow path were influenced by hydroclimatic variables such as air temperature and rainfall. The effect of the reduction in water yield, in accordance with the increase in mean temperature, sheds light on possible consequences of climate change on ecosystem services produced in foggy environments. In light of these findings, aiming to increase the water yield, we recommend that regions frequently affected by fog are prioritized for forest restoration or conservation. To ensure significant effects, regeneration and/or successional development of TMCF has to reach at least 20% of a catchment area.
Gabriela M. Teixeira; Pablo H. A. Figueiredo; Luiz Felippe Salemi; Silvio F. B. Ferraz; Mauricio Ranzini; Francisco C. S. Arcova; Valdir de Cicco; Nivaldo Eduardo Rizzi. Regeneration of tropical montane cloud forests increases water yield in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Ecohydrology 2021, e2298 .
AMA StyleGabriela M. Teixeira, Pablo H. A. Figueiredo, Luiz Felippe Salemi, Silvio F. B. Ferraz, Mauricio Ranzini, Francisco C. S. Arcova, Valdir de Cicco, Nivaldo Eduardo Rizzi. Regeneration of tropical montane cloud forests increases water yield in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Ecohydrology. 2021; ():e2298.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGabriela M. Teixeira; Pablo H. A. Figueiredo; Luiz Felippe Salemi; Silvio F. B. Ferraz; Mauricio Ranzini; Francisco C. S. Arcova; Valdir de Cicco; Nivaldo Eduardo Rizzi. 2021. "Regeneration of tropical montane cloud forests increases water yield in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest." Ecohydrology , no. : e2298.
Conservation initiatives overwhelmingly focus on terrestrial biodiversity, and little is known about the freshwater cobenefits of terrestrial conservation actions. We sampled more than 1500 terrestrial and freshwater species in the Amazon and simulated conservation for species from both realms. Prioritizations based on terrestrial species yielded on average just 22% of the freshwater benefits achieved through freshwater-focused conservation. However, by using integrated cross-realm planning, freshwater benefits could be increased by up to 600% for a 1% reduction in terrestrial benefits. Where freshwater biodiversity data are unavailable but aquatic connectivity is accounted for, freshwater benefits could still be doubled for negligible losses of terrestrial coverage. Conservation actions are urgently needed to improve the status of freshwater species globally. Our results suggest that such gains can be achieved without compromising terrestrial conservation goals.
Cecília G. Leal; Gareth D. Lennox; Silvio F. B. Ferraz; Joice Ferreira; Toby A. Gardner; James R. Thomson; Erika Berenguer; Alexander C. Lees; Robert M. Hughes; Ralph Mac Nally; Luiz E. O. C. Aragão; Janaina G. de Brito; Leandro Castello; Rachael D. Garrett; Neusa Hamada; Leandro Juen; Rafael P. Leitão; Julio Louzada; Thiago F. Morello; Nárgila G. Moura; Jorge L. Nessimian; José Max B. Oliveira-Junior; Victor Hugo F. Oliveira; Vívian C. de Oliveira; Luke Parry; Paulo S. Pompeu; Ricardo R. C. Solar; Jansen Zuanon; Jos Barlow. Integrated terrestrial-freshwater planning doubles conservation of tropical aquatic species. Science 2020, 370, 117 -121.
AMA StyleCecília G. Leal, Gareth D. Lennox, Silvio F. B. Ferraz, Joice Ferreira, Toby A. Gardner, James R. Thomson, Erika Berenguer, Alexander C. Lees, Robert M. Hughes, Ralph Mac Nally, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Janaina G. de Brito, Leandro Castello, Rachael D. Garrett, Neusa Hamada, Leandro Juen, Rafael P. Leitão, Julio Louzada, Thiago F. Morello, Nárgila G. Moura, Jorge L. Nessimian, José Max B. Oliveira-Junior, Victor Hugo F. Oliveira, Vívian C. de Oliveira, Luke Parry, Paulo S. Pompeu, Ricardo R. C. Solar, Jansen Zuanon, Jos Barlow. Integrated terrestrial-freshwater planning doubles conservation of tropical aquatic species. Science. 2020; 370 (6512):117-121.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCecília G. Leal; Gareth D. Lennox; Silvio F. B. Ferraz; Joice Ferreira; Toby A. Gardner; James R. Thomson; Erika Berenguer; Alexander C. Lees; Robert M. Hughes; Ralph Mac Nally; Luiz E. O. C. Aragão; Janaina G. de Brito; Leandro Castello; Rachael D. Garrett; Neusa Hamada; Leandro Juen; Rafael P. Leitão; Julio Louzada; Thiago F. Morello; Nárgila G. Moura; Jorge L. Nessimian; José Max B. Oliveira-Junior; Victor Hugo F. Oliveira; Vívian C. de Oliveira; Luke Parry; Paulo S. Pompeu; Ricardo R. C. Solar; Jansen Zuanon; Jos Barlow. 2020. "Integrated terrestrial-freshwater planning doubles conservation of tropical aquatic species." Science 370, no. 6512: 117-121.
Streams have tolerance limits to certain environmental conditions, high levels of sediment can influence water quality and, consequently, aquatic life and human health. Considerable research in temperate forest ecosystems has elucidated the dynamics of suspended sediment export and the role of forest management on changing sediment yields, but fewer studies in subtropical regions exist. The objective of this study was evaluate the effects of forest management on suspended sediment export under varying forest cover and management conditions in subtropical Brazil. Three catchments, with different management systems, were evaluated: eucalyptus forest plantation with even‐age stands management (EUC), native forest (NAT), and mosaic of forests plantation with different species and ages (MOS), located in southeastern Brazil. Streamflow, precipitation and turbidity data were collected by pressure transducers, automatic rain gauge and YSI 6136 turbidity sensors, respectively, during the period from November 2016 to October 2017. The suspended sediment yield was estimated through a relationship between turbidity and suspended sediment concentration. The results showed that sediment export ranged from 0.032 Mg ha‐1 year‐1 to 0.411 Mg ha‐1 year‐1. The catchments studied presented a low sediment export rate, compared to other studies conducted in forested settings worldwide. Our results provide insights into the high‐frequency sediment production dynamics of Brazilian forested catchments and demonstrate that, regardless of the forest management system applied in the area, native or exotic planted forests are capable of protecting the soil and minimizing the effects of sediments export. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Matheus E. K. Ogasawara; Gláucia R. Santos; Carla C. Cassiano; Beverley C. Wemple; Silvio F. B. Ferraz. Runoff and sediment yield from forested catchments under varying management intensities: Insights from a subtropical region of Brazil. Land Degradation & Development 2020, 32, 628 -639.
AMA StyleMatheus E. K. Ogasawara, Gláucia R. Santos, Carla C. Cassiano, Beverley C. Wemple, Silvio F. B. Ferraz. Runoff and sediment yield from forested catchments under varying management intensities: Insights from a subtropical region of Brazil. Land Degradation & Development. 2020; 32 (2):628-639.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatheus E. K. Ogasawara; Gláucia R. Santos; Carla C. Cassiano; Beverley C. Wemple; Silvio F. B. Ferraz. 2020. "Runoff and sediment yield from forested catchments under varying management intensities: Insights from a subtropical region of Brazil." Land Degradation & Development 32, no. 2: 628-639.
1. Evidence indicating that ecological communities show delayed responses to environmental change has raised the need to better understand the effects of landscape history on biodiversity. 2. We investigated how freshwater biodiversity is related to both recent and past land use change in tropical river catchments. More specifically, we analyzed the relationship between biodiversity and change in forest cover that occurred across five decades, including landscape trajectories of forest gain and loss. 3. The abundance of stream insects showed a more delayed response to landscape change than rarefied richness, whereas the Tsallis diversity index was not related to past forest cover. However, both alpha diversity and local abundance were related to mean forest cover across the five decades when conditioned by the trajectory of change. We found a negative relationship between the historical mean of forest cover and community descriptors in streams embedded in landscapes on a trajectory of forest loss, but a positive relationship in landscapes on a trajectory of forest gain. 4. We provide the first evidence of delayed responses of tropical freshwater insect communities to landscape history and suggest that the magnitude of change in forest cover, mediated by its trajectory, is a major driver of delayed responses. We show that a trajectory of forest loss might result in both immediate loss of species and a set of species doomed for future extinction. Synthesis and applications . Delayed responses of multispecies communities to past landscape changes depend on their extent, frequency and intensity. Our findings indicate that, beyond the relative amount of forest cover within river catchments, the magnitude of change in forest cover mediated by its historical trajectory can be a major driver of delayed responses in stream communities. We suggest that, if biodiversity conservation is the main aim, stream restoration should be prioritized in catchments with higher forest cover, as even under a forest gain trajectory, stream communities continue responding to past landscape changes depending on how widespread and intensive changes were.
Edineusa Pereira Santos; Helene H. Wagner; Sílvio F. B. Ferraz; Tadeu Siqueira. Interactive persistent effects of past land‐cover and its trajectory on tropical freshwater biodiversity. Journal of Applied Ecology 2020, 57, 2149 -2158.
AMA StyleEdineusa Pereira Santos, Helene H. Wagner, Sílvio F. B. Ferraz, Tadeu Siqueira. Interactive persistent effects of past land‐cover and its trajectory on tropical freshwater biodiversity. Journal of Applied Ecology. 2020; 57 (11):2149-2158.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEdineusa Pereira Santos; Helene H. Wagner; Sílvio F. B. Ferraz; Tadeu Siqueira. 2020. "Interactive persistent effects of past land‐cover and its trajectory on tropical freshwater biodiversity." Journal of Applied Ecology 57, no. 11: 2149-2158.
Intensive plantation management can affect catchment conditions, especially in large clear-cut areas that expose soil thereby encouraging sediment transport to streams. Harvesting strategies are needed to reduce these effects while enabling commercial logging. In this study, we examined the effects of harvested areas in suspended sediment production by selecting three catchments covered by Eucalyptus spp. forests with 15%, 60% and 88% harvested areas (hereafter H15, H60 and H88, respectively) and monitoring suspended sediment during two years. We compared two approaches of estimating annual suspended sediment: weekly grab samples vs. weekly grab samples + bottle traps. Proportion harvest and suspended sediment yields were directly related on an annual basis. Such differences were more notable for H15 and H88; H60 had intermediate values. Annual suspended sediment yields ranged from 3.0 to 208.2 kg ha−1 year−1, and in addition to harvest proportion, presence of buffer riparian forest possibly reduced concentrations of suspended sediments in streams. The use of weekly grab samples underestimated TSS yields.
Carla Cristina Cassiano; Luiz Felippe Salemi; Lara Gabrielle Garcia; Silvio Frosini De Barros Ferraz. Harvesting strategies to reduce suspended sediments in streams in fast-growing forest plantations. Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology 2020, 21, 96 -105.
AMA StyleCarla Cristina Cassiano, Luiz Felippe Salemi, Lara Gabrielle Garcia, Silvio Frosini De Barros Ferraz. Harvesting strategies to reduce suspended sediments in streams in fast-growing forest plantations. Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology. 2020; 21 (1):96-105.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarla Cristina Cassiano; Luiz Felippe Salemi; Lara Gabrielle Garcia; Silvio Frosini De Barros Ferraz. 2020. "Harvesting strategies to reduce suspended sediments in streams in fast-growing forest plantations." Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology 21, no. 1: 96-105.
High stocking short rotation plantations provide high yields for bioenergy use and have been adopted worldwide, especially in tropical areas. This silvicultural approach might alter ecosystem water balances compared with lower stocking, longer rotation practices. The sensitivity of water balance to stocking might also differ among genotypes. We evaluated the primary components of ecosystem water balance (transpiration - Et, canopy interception - Ei, soil evaporation – Es) for two hybrid clones that differ in drought tolerance and productivity (E. urophylla × E. grandis, Clone B2 and E.grandis × E.camaldulensis, Clone C3) planted in stockings ranging from 590 to 2,950 tree ha.-1 in a tropical region in Brazil. On a monthly time step, all water balance components of the two clones were largely related to the seasonality of rainfall, where the wet season represented 73% of the total rainfall, these processes corresponded on average to 76, 75, 67 and 70% of annual canopy interception, soil evaporation, transpiration and evapotranspiration (ET), respectively. For both clones, temperature (R2 = 0.32) and precipitation (R2 > 0.76) explained evapotranspiration responses while adding stocking as a second independent variable slightly improving the model for clone B2 but no improvement was detected for clone C3. When scaling up the monthly data to yearly analyses, all water balance components responded strongly to tree stocking for both clones during the two years of measurements (1.7 to 3.7 years-old). Annual transpiration rose linearly with stocking for the clone B2, rising from 550 mm yr−1 up to 1,039 mm yr−1, corresponding to 53–100% of precipitation (P). The clone C3 showed a much weaker influence of stocking on transpiration, rising only from 550 mm yr−1 at low stocking to 650 mm yr−1 at high stocking (53–63% of P). Canopy interception rose from about 230 mm yr−1 at low stocking to 300 mm yr−1 at high stocking, with little difference between the clones, ranging from 21 to 30% of P. Evaporation from the soil decreased with increased stocking for both clones and represented an average of 20–12% of P from lowest to highest stocking. Total evapotranspiration (ET – sum of Et, Ei and Es) was about 1,000 to 1,050 mm yr−1 at low-to-moderate stockings of both clones, but the less-drought tolerant clone B2 showed substantially higher total evapotranspiration at high stocking (2,900 mm yr−1) compared to the clone C3 (2300 mm yr−1). The difference between precipitation and evapotranspiration (the overall ecosystem water balance) declined with increasing stocking, dropping below 0 at stockings higher than 1,030 tree ha−1 for both clones. High stocking in highly productive Eucalyptus plantations may be less sustainable across multiple rotations, since any deficit in the ecosystem water balance would need to come from longer-term soil water storage. Our results indicate that both genetics and tree stocking can be used as silviculture tools to manage the sustainably of short rotation forest plantations in the face of climate change.
Rodrigo Hakamada; Robert M. Hubbard; Jose Luiz Stape; Walter De Paula Lima; Gabriela Gonçalves Moreira; Silvio Ferraz. Stocking effects on seasonal tree transpiration and ecosystem water balance in a fast-growing Eucalyptus plantation in Brazil. Forest Ecology and Management 2020, 466, 118149 .
AMA StyleRodrigo Hakamada, Robert M. Hubbard, Jose Luiz Stape, Walter De Paula Lima, Gabriela Gonçalves Moreira, Silvio Ferraz. Stocking effects on seasonal tree transpiration and ecosystem water balance in a fast-growing Eucalyptus plantation in Brazil. Forest Ecology and Management. 2020; 466 ():118149.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRodrigo Hakamada; Robert M. Hubbard; Jose Luiz Stape; Walter De Paula Lima; Gabriela Gonçalves Moreira; Silvio Ferraz. 2020. "Stocking effects on seasonal tree transpiration and ecosystem water balance in a fast-growing Eucalyptus plantation in Brazil." Forest Ecology and Management 466, no. : 118149.
We examined the influence of stand density and genotype on transpiration and water use efficiency in high productivity plantations. Three widely planted Eucalyptus clones that differ in drought tolerance and productivity (E. urophylla, E. urophylla × E. grandis and E. grandis × E. camaldulensis, clones IP, B2 and C3, respectively) were measured at four densities (590, 1030, 1420, and 2950 trees ha−1). Over the 1-year study period (1.5–2.5 years after planting), individual biomass increment decreased with increasing density, from 21 kg tree−1 at 590 trees ha−1 to 6 kg tree−1 at 2950 trees ha−1. Stand increment typically follows the reverse pattern, increasing as density increases. This was the case for two clones (IP and B2), but stand increment was consistent across tree spacings for C3. Transpiration increased with density, from a low of 622 mm yr−1 to a high of 879 mm y−1. Some of the increased water use resulted from higher leaf area index at higher densities. The B2 clone transpired the most water on average, produced the greatest increment (23 Mg ha−1 yr−1 for 1030 trees ha−1), and produced the most wood L−1 transpiration (water use efficiency, 2.3 g biomass L−1). The clone C3 had the lowest increment (only 12 Mg ha−1 yr−1) because of the combination of low transpiration and low water use efficiency (only 1.5 g biomass L−1). Optimizing clone selection and silviculture for the combination of high yield and high water use efficiency may help reduce risks from drought as well as water conservation.
Rodrigo Hakamada; Robert M. Hubbard; Gabriela Gonçalves Moreira; Jose Luiz Stape; Otávio Campoe; Silvio Ferraz. Influence of stand density on growth and water use efficiency in Eucalyptus clones. Forest Ecology and Management 2020, 466, 118125 .
AMA StyleRodrigo Hakamada, Robert M. Hubbard, Gabriela Gonçalves Moreira, Jose Luiz Stape, Otávio Campoe, Silvio Ferraz. Influence of stand density on growth and water use efficiency in Eucalyptus clones. Forest Ecology and Management. 2020; 466 ():118125.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRodrigo Hakamada; Robert M. Hubbard; Gabriela Gonçalves Moreira; Jose Luiz Stape; Otávio Campoe; Silvio Ferraz. 2020. "Influence of stand density on growth and water use efficiency in Eucalyptus clones." Forest Ecology and Management 466, no. : 118125.
The Earth has entered the Anthropocene epoch and forest managers are facing unprecedented challenges to meet multiple ecosystem service demands from forests. Understanding the complex forest-water relations under a changing environment must add a human dimension, and this is essential in the move towards sustainable forest management in the 21st century. This Special Issue contains 10 papers presented at a joint international forest and water conference in Chile in 2018. These studies provide global examples on new advancements in sciences in forest ecohydrology, watershed management, and ecosystem service assessment under various geographical and socioeconomic settings.
Ge Sun; Kevin Bishop; Silvio Ferraz; Julia Jones. Managing Forests and Water for People under a Changing Environment. Forests 2020, 11, 331 .
AMA StyleGe Sun, Kevin Bishop, Silvio Ferraz, Julia Jones. Managing Forests and Water for People under a Changing Environment. Forests. 2020; 11 (3):331.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGe Sun; Kevin Bishop; Silvio Ferraz; Julia Jones. 2020. "Managing Forests and Water for People under a Changing Environment." Forests 11, no. 3: 331.
This study presents the results of the soil hydraulic characterization performed under three land covers, namely pasture, 9-year-old restored forest, and remnant forest, in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Two types of infiltration tests were performed, namely tension (Mini-Disk Infiltrometer, MDI) and ponding (Beerkan) tests. MDI and Beerkan tests provided complementary information, highlighting a clear increase of the hydraulic conductivity, especially at the remnant forest plots, when moving from near-saturated to saturated conditions. In addition, measuring the unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity with different water pressure heads allowed the estimation of the macroscopic capillary length in the field. This approach, in conjunction with Beerkan measurements, allowed the design better estimates of the saturated soil hydraulic conductivity under challenging field conditions, such as soil water repellency (SWR). This research also reports, for the first time, evidence of SWR in the Atlantic Forest, which affected the early stage of the infiltration process with more frequency in the remnant forest.
Sergio Esteban Lozano-Baez; Miguel Cooper; Silvio Frosini De Barros Ferraz; Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues; Laurent Lassabatere; Mirko Castellini; Simone Di Prima. Assessing Water Infiltration and Soil Water Repellency in Brazilian Atlantic Forest Soils. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 1950 .
AMA StyleSergio Esteban Lozano-Baez, Miguel Cooper, Silvio Frosini De Barros Ferraz, Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues, Laurent Lassabatere, Mirko Castellini, Simone Di Prima. Assessing Water Infiltration and Soil Water Repellency in Brazilian Atlantic Forest Soils. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (6):1950.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSergio Esteban Lozano-Baez; Miguel Cooper; Silvio Frosini De Barros Ferraz; Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues; Laurent Lassabatere; Mirko Castellini; Simone Di Prima. 2020. "Assessing Water Infiltration and Soil Water Repellency in Brazilian Atlantic Forest Soils." Applied Sciences 10, no. 6: 1950.
In Brazil, the Forest Code requires landholders to maintain fixed-width buffers of native vegetation along watercourses – legally called Areas of Permanent Preservation (APPs). In 2012, agricultural activities started to be partially allowed in APPs, but only if best management practices on soil and water conservation are adopted and if a narrow buffer strip with native vegetation is restored adjacently to the watercourse. In this paper, we present a modeling framework to investigate the capacity of legal compliant APPs to supply watershed services (erosion control and stream bank stabilization) in a 2,200 ha watershed in São Paulo State, Brazil. Our results suggest that the narrower the riparian buffer the lower the control of soil erosion dynamic within APPs, and that riparian buffers smaller than 8 m can act as a source of sediments to streams. The adoption of best management practices can contribute to controlling soil erosion within APPs but the presence of native forests in the first 15 m is necessary to guarantee equivalent protection to streams when compared to APPs completely covered by forests. Moreover, we observed that forest restoration within APPs helped to reduce the average soil loss of the watershed by only 20 %, compared to a reduction of 55 % when best practices are implemented in all watershed agricultural areas. We conclude that (i) the reduced requirements for APP restoration may contribute to stream sedimentation, which will likely affect the supply of watershed services by stream ecosystems; (ii) the implementation of best management practices in APPs will not have the same effect as native forests to reduce stream sedimentation; and (iii) the adoption of best management practices in all agricultural production areas – and not only within APPs as required by law – is the best strategy to promote the supply of watershed services to society.
Vinicius Guidotti; Silvio Frosini De Barros Ferraz; Luis Fernando Guedes Pinto; Gerd Sparovek; Ricardo H. Taniwaki; Lara Gabrielle Garcia; Pedro H.S. Brancalion. Changes in Brazil’s Forest Code can erode the potential of riparian buffers to supply watershed services. Land Use Policy 2020, 94, 104511 .
AMA StyleVinicius Guidotti, Silvio Frosini De Barros Ferraz, Luis Fernando Guedes Pinto, Gerd Sparovek, Ricardo H. Taniwaki, Lara Gabrielle Garcia, Pedro H.S. Brancalion. Changes in Brazil’s Forest Code can erode the potential of riparian buffers to supply watershed services. Land Use Policy. 2020; 94 ():104511.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVinicius Guidotti; Silvio Frosini De Barros Ferraz; Luis Fernando Guedes Pinto; Gerd Sparovek; Ricardo H. Taniwaki; Lara Gabrielle Garcia; Pedro H.S. Brancalion. 2020. "Changes in Brazil’s Forest Code can erode the potential of riparian buffers to supply watershed services." Land Use Policy 94, no. : 104511.
Generally, habitat loss and fragmentation negatively affect biota, often in nonlinear ways. Such nonlinear responses suggest the existence of critical limits for habitat loss beyond which taxa experience substantial changes. Therefore, we identified change points for aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages at both local-riparian and catchment extents in response to a forest-loss gradient in agriculture-altered landscapes of 51 small (1st to 3rd Strahler order) eastern Amazon streams. We used Threshold Indicator Taxa Analysis (TITAN) to identify change points for individual taxa and segmented regression analysis for assemblage richness. Considering the patterns of the cumulative frequency distributions of sum(Z−) maxima across bootstrap replications, peak changes in macroinvertebrate assemblages were at ∼9% (5–95 percentiles = 1–15%) of forest-loss at the catchment extent, and at ∼1.4% (5–95 percentiles = 0–35%) of forest-loss at the local-riparian extent. Although the assemblage change point at the site extent was less than that detected at the catchment extent, the markedly lower percentile range indicates that biotic assemblages are more clearly responsive to forest-loss at the catchment/network-riparian extents than the site extent. For catchment and site extents, segmented regression analysis determined a change point for assemblage richness at 57% and 79% of forest-loss, respectively. This indicates the low capacity of total richness to separate early and synchronous decreases of sensitive taxa from gradual increases of tolerant taxa. Our results also show that it is not enough to focus management and conservation actions on riparian zones, but that conservation strategies should be expanded to entire catchments as well. The sharp decline of sensitive taxa in response to removal of a small portion of forest cover, even at catchment extents, indicates that the Brazilian Forest Code is insufficient for protecting stream macroinvertebrates. Consequently, we recommend strategies to reverse the potential collapse of aquatic biodiversity, particularly through avoiding deforestation and forest degradation, encouraging socio-economic incentives for restoring degraded areas, creating protected areas, and maintaining the current protected areas. We argue that reducing habitat loss should be a top priority for conservation planners in tropical forests because the sensitivity of aquatic biodiversity to removal of riparian forest-cover in Amazon rainforests is higher than previously thought. Therefore, the Forest Code regulatory framework needs complementary regulation that may be achived by more restrictive State and biome policies.
Janaina G. Brito; F.O. Roque; Renato T. Martins; Jorge L. Nessimian; Vivian C. Oliveira; Robert M. Hughes; Felipe R. de Paula; Silvio F.B. Ferraz; Neusa Hamada. Small forest losses degrade stream macroinvertebrate assemblages in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. Biological Conservation 2019, 241, 108263 .
AMA StyleJanaina G. Brito, F.O. Roque, Renato T. Martins, Jorge L. Nessimian, Vivian C. Oliveira, Robert M. Hughes, Felipe R. de Paula, Silvio F.B. Ferraz, Neusa Hamada. Small forest losses degrade stream macroinvertebrate assemblages in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. Biological Conservation. 2019; 241 ():108263.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJanaina G. Brito; F.O. Roque; Renato T. Martins; Jorge L. Nessimian; Vivian C. Oliveira; Robert M. Hughes; Felipe R. de Paula; Silvio F.B. Ferraz; Neusa Hamada. 2019. "Small forest losses degrade stream macroinvertebrate assemblages in the eastern Brazilian Amazon." Biological Conservation 241, no. : 108263.
In the Brazilian Amazon, land use and land cover changes (LULC) are extremely heterogeneous, in both spatial and temporal terms. Understanding the long-term trajectory of changes in LULC, and the resulting impact on landscape structure, is essential for the development of adequate, environmentally sound land use policies. To this end, we characterized the spatiotemporal aspects of LULC changes, and their effects on the landscape, in an agricultural backdrop of oil palm cultivation, based on a multi-temporal analysis of the period between 1991 and 2013. We classified Landsat images and analyzed landscape changes in 2588.72 km² of the oil palm expansion zone (polo do dendê), located between the municipalities of Moju, Acará, and Tailândia (called Moju region), northeastern Pará, Brazil. We found that, during this period, 47.7% of the primary forest was converted for other uses, degraded forest increased by 17%, and oil palm plantation increased by 11%. Thirty percent of the primary forest was converted to oil palm plantation during the 22-year study period, however, between 2005 and 2013, primary forest conversion to oil palm increased by just 2%. In contrast, changes in landscape structure were related to the fragmentation of the forest cover, leading to an increasing isolation of forest patches and reduction in the area of forest remnants. These data offer a clear warning sign that for future expansion of palm oil plantations in the Pará state we need to adopt strategies focused on landscape integrity, and develop initiatives towards the regulation of large areas of monoculture, helping guarantee the region’s environmental sustainability.
Arlete Silva de Almeida; Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira; Silvio F.B. Ferraz. Long-term assessment of oil palm expansion and landscape change in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. Land Use Policy 2019, 90, 104321 .
AMA StyleArlete Silva de Almeida, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Silvio F.B. Ferraz. Long-term assessment of oil palm expansion and landscape change in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. Land Use Policy. 2019; 90 ():104321.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArlete Silva de Almeida; Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira; Silvio F.B. Ferraz. 2019. "Long-term assessment of oil palm expansion and landscape change in the eastern Brazilian Amazon." Land Use Policy 90, no. : 104321.
Eucalyptus plantations play an important role in the Brazilian economy, and they are commonly associated with their high water use, which may have negative impacts on water availability for other users. As short rotation Eucalyptus plantations expand in South America, there is an urgent need to understand their effects on streamflow. This study analyzes water use by Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil based on streamflow and precipitation data from 19 instrumented catchments in which Eucalyptus plantations occupy >50% of land area and where records extend from 2 to 15 years (120 years of data). The annual water yield (Q) was compared proportionally to the water availability (P) at each catchment location. Additionally, water use was analyzed in relation to plantation age classes. Finally, a relationship between the observed annual relative water yield (Q:P) and the aridity index (AI) was established by an exponential model, which was used to understand the possible effects of forest plantation areas at the municipality level in Brazil. The main findings of the paper are as follows: (1) Evapotranspiration (ET) exceeded 80% of precipitation for most observations (71%) and exceeded 90% of precipitation for 50% of the annual observations (60 years of data); (2) streamflow represented 5–11% of precipitation for plantations aged 1–7 years, with a slight but not significant decrease for older (6- and 7-yr-old) plantations; (3) for the 19 sites, the annual average runoff ratio declined exponentially with increasing values of the aridity index (PET/P), and the 4 sites with aridity indices >0.76 had a water yield ratio 0.76, implying that these areas have runoff ratios lower than 10% of precipitation. Considering these results, a threshold of aridity index = 0.76 is proposed to identify regions where forest management should be more focused to consider water availability for other users. A diagram showing different conditions of water availability and planted area of Eucalyptus in Brazilian municipalities is presented to identify regions requiring forest management changes to balance wood production and water ecosystem services. Considering more critical regions, we propose and discuss a framework for understanding the cumulative effects of natural conditions and management in an attempt to further the debate on water use by Eucalyptus plantations by discussing thresholds of water availability and alternatives to avoid effects and conflicts.
Silvio Frosini De Barros Ferraz; Carolina Bozetti Rodrigues; Lara Gabrielle Garcia; Clayton Alcarde Alvares; Walter De Paula Lima. Effects of Eucalyptus plantations on streamflow in Brazil: Moving beyond the water use debate. Forest Ecology and Management 2019, 453, 117571 .
AMA StyleSilvio Frosini De Barros Ferraz, Carolina Bozetti Rodrigues, Lara Gabrielle Garcia, Clayton Alcarde Alvares, Walter De Paula Lima. Effects of Eucalyptus plantations on streamflow in Brazil: Moving beyond the water use debate. Forest Ecology and Management. 2019; 453 ():117571.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilvio Frosini De Barros Ferraz; Carolina Bozetti Rodrigues; Lara Gabrielle Garcia; Clayton Alcarde Alvares; Walter De Paula Lima. 2019. "Effects of Eucalyptus plantations on streamflow in Brazil: Moving beyond the water use debate." Forest Ecology and Management 453, no. : 117571.
It is known that the soil type and its characteristics are very important to the agriculture and to maintain the health of a forest. Thus, the objective of this work was to verify, through multivariate statistical analysis techniques, the variations of evapotranspiration values as a function of the soil type in three different vegetation cover areas: sugarcane, planted forest and native forest. For this, an area of 2231.926 km2 was chosen, using monthly Landsat 8 satellite imagery with Orbit/Path 220 and Point/Row 75, between latitudes 20°43′55.2″S and 22°36′28.8″S and longitudes 46°37′48,0″W and 48°50′16,8″W, in the region of Corumbataí, northeast of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, collected over 24 months between April 2013 and March 2015. The evapotranspiration evaluation was obtained by satellite imagery using a hybrid model of the Two Source Energy Balance (TSEB), with a proposed adjustment methodology to convert hourly ET to monthly and annually data. The multivariate statistical analysis of monthly ET patterns across soil type classified three evapotranspiration groups in the three studied land cover areas. In the areas with sugarcane, evapotranspiration separated statistical groups in the areas of the Cerrado biome with Ferralsol (LVA) and Lithic Leptosol (RL), another group in the areas with Ferralsol (LV) and Ferralic Arenosol (RQ), and a third group of Acrisol (PVA) in an Atlantic Forest biome area. In the areas with planted forest and native forest, evapotranspiration separated a first group with soils LVA, RQ, PVA, Dystric Gleysol (GX) and RL in areas of Cerrado, a second group with LV in Atlantic Forest area and a third group just with Fibric Histosol (OY).
Raoni W.D. Bosquilia; Christopher M.U. Neale; Sergio N. Duarte; Solon J. Longhi; Silvio F. De B. Ferraz; Frank E. Muller-Karger. Evaluation of evapotranspiration variations according to soil type using multivariate statistical analysis. Geoderma 2019, 355, 113906 .
AMA StyleRaoni W.D. Bosquilia, Christopher M.U. Neale, Sergio N. Duarte, Solon J. Longhi, Silvio F. De B. Ferraz, Frank E. Muller-Karger. Evaluation of evapotranspiration variations according to soil type using multivariate statistical analysis. Geoderma. 2019; 355 ():113906.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaoni W.D. Bosquilia; Christopher M.U. Neale; Sergio N. Duarte; Solon J. Longhi; Silvio F. De B. Ferraz; Frank E. Muller-Karger. 2019. "Evaluation of evapotranspiration variations according to soil type using multivariate statistical analysis." Geoderma 355, no. : 113906.
Sugarcane and cattle pastures are two of the most widespread and economically important agricultural landscapes. However, in Brazil, they have not been properly investigated for their importance to native birds and wildlife conservation. Thus, we aim to characterize and compare bird assemblages of sugarcane and cattle pastures; and understand how landscape features within both habitats influence bird assemblages. We surveyed birds in both agricultural habitats over one year, and then investigated the relationship between species richness and composition with landscape diversity, matrix permeability, and the size and distribution of natural forests close to both habitats. We observed 132 species in cattle pastures and only 72 in sugarcane (48% bird community similarity). We further evaluated the richness and relative abundance of avian ecological groups, including habitat specialists and habitat generalists, insectivores, omnivores, granivores and frugivores. All avian groups were higher in pastures, the habitat where landscape heterogeneity and number of scattered trees was higher. Our results show that overall increasing landscape heterogeneity favors an assemblage with higher richness and composed by species with more diverse ecological functions. Therefore, we argue in favor of management practices that incorporate heterogeneity in agricultural landscapes, mainly in sugarcane fields where a homogeneous scheme has been used. Otherwise, the potential of agricultural landscapes for bird conservation will be highly hindered, particularly if the sugarcane sector expands to other agricultural lands.
Eduardo R. Alexandrino; Evan R. Buechley; Yuri A. Forte; Carla C. Cassiano; Katia M. P. M. B. Ferraz; Silvio F. B. Ferraz; Hilton T. Z. Couto; Cagan H. Sekercioglu. Highly disparate bird assemblages in sugarcane and pastures: implications for bird conservation in agricultural landscapes. Neotropical Biology and Conservation 2019, 14, 169 -194.
AMA StyleEduardo R. Alexandrino, Evan R. Buechley, Yuri A. Forte, Carla C. Cassiano, Katia M. P. M. B. Ferraz, Silvio F. B. Ferraz, Hilton T. Z. Couto, Cagan H. Sekercioglu. Highly disparate bird assemblages in sugarcane and pastures: implications for bird conservation in agricultural landscapes. Neotropical Biology and Conservation. 2019; 14 (2):169-194.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEduardo R. Alexandrino; Evan R. Buechley; Yuri A. Forte; Carla C. Cassiano; Katia M. P. M. B. Ferraz; Silvio F. B. Ferraz; Hilton T. Z. Couto; Cagan H. Sekercioglu. 2019. "Highly disparate bird assemblages in sugarcane and pastures: implications for bird conservation in agricultural landscapes." Neotropical Biology and Conservation 14, no. 2: 169-194.
Glaucia Regina Santos; Marina Shinkai Gentil Otto; José Raimundo De Souza Passos; Felipe Ferreira Onofre; Valdemir Antônio Rodrigues; Felipe Rossetti De Paula; Silvio Frosini De Barros Ferraz. Changes in decomposition rate and litterfall in riparian zones with different basal area of exoticEucalyptusin south-eastern Brazil. Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science 2019, 81, 285 -295.
AMA StyleGlaucia Regina Santos, Marina Shinkai Gentil Otto, José Raimundo De Souza Passos, Felipe Ferreira Onofre, Valdemir Antônio Rodrigues, Felipe Rossetti De Paula, Silvio Frosini De Barros Ferraz. Changes in decomposition rate and litterfall in riparian zones with different basal area of exoticEucalyptusin south-eastern Brazil. Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science. 2019; 81 (4):285-295.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGlaucia Regina Santos; Marina Shinkai Gentil Otto; José Raimundo De Souza Passos; Felipe Ferreira Onofre; Valdemir Antônio Rodrigues; Felipe Rossetti De Paula; Silvio Frosini De Barros Ferraz. 2019. "Changes in decomposition rate and litterfall in riparian zones with different basal area of exoticEucalyptusin south-eastern Brazil." Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science 81, no. 4: 285-295.
Forested catchments generally present conserved aquatic ecosystems without anthropogenic disturbances; however, forest management operations can degrade these environments, including their water quality. Despite the potential degradation, few studies have analyzed the effects of forest management in subtropical regions, especially in forest plantations with intensive management, such as Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil. The intensive management of those plantations is characterized by fast-growing, short rotation cycles, and high productivity. This study aimed to assess the effects of Eucalyptus plantations harvesting on the concentration and exportation of nutrients and suspended solids in subtropical streams. Results showed that clear-cut harvesting and subsequent forest management operations do not alter most of the concentration of nitrate, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. The concentration of suspended solids increased during the first year after timber harvesting in all studied catchments, however, the increases were statistically significant in only two catchments. In the first year after harvest, it was observed an increment of water yield/precipitation ratio at three catchments, which also increased export of nutrients and suspended solids. Our results showed that harvesting of fast-growing Eucalyptus forest plantations partially affected sediment exports and did not compromise water quality in the studied catchments. However, the catchment land-use design, especially related to road density and land-use composition, showed significant relationship with sediment exportation.
Carolina Bozetti Rodrigues; Ricardo Hideo Taniwaki; Patrick Lane; Walter De Paula Lima; Silvio Frosini De Barros Ferraz. Eucalyptus Short-Rotation Management Effects on Nutrient and Sediments in Subtropical Streams. Forests 2019, 10, 519 .
AMA StyleCarolina Bozetti Rodrigues, Ricardo Hideo Taniwaki, Patrick Lane, Walter De Paula Lima, Silvio Frosini De Barros Ferraz. Eucalyptus Short-Rotation Management Effects on Nutrient and Sediments in Subtropical Streams. Forests. 2019; 10 (6):519.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarolina Bozetti Rodrigues; Ricardo Hideo Taniwaki; Patrick Lane; Walter De Paula Lima; Silvio Frosini De Barros Ferraz. 2019. "Eucalyptus Short-Rotation Management Effects on Nutrient and Sediments in Subtropical Streams." Forests 10, no. 6: 519.
Infiltration is one of the most important hydrological processes in ecosystems, having important influence on soil erosion control and runoff, soil moisture content and groundwater recharge. This is particularly important considering the recent growing number of restoration initiatives worldwide encouraging forest cover expansion, mainly by tree planting. Here, we conducted a systematic review of scientific literature reporting infiltration measurements in forests restored by tree planting in the tropics and subtropics. We found 11 studies representing 67 data comparisons in eight countries. Overall results indicate that infiltration increases but is not fully recovered to reference conditions in forests restored by tree planting. Recovery of infiltration varied depending on land-use, soil texture and restoration age. Recovery of infiltration was higher for cultivated than for pastures and bare soils. Clayey soils had higher infiltration recovery than sandy soils. Our findings identified some knowledge gaps that should be addressed to improve our understanding of when and why tree planting to restore forests may promote the recovery of infiltration in tropical and subtropical soils. First, information about recovery of infiltration capacities when using tree planting for forest restoration results are scarce. Second, infiltration in restored forests should be monitored over time, including long-term studies and measurements on water movement through the soil profile and evaluating potential interactions between infiltration and soil attributes. Details on the effects that different forest restoration techniques (e.g., soil preparation, tree species diversity and densities) could have on infiltration is virtually unknown. Information on the influence of disturbance level on infiltration prior to tree planting is also severely lacking.
Sergio E. Lozano-Baez; Miguel Cooper; Paula Meli; Silvio F.B. Ferraz; Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues; Thomas J. Sauer. Land restoration by tree planting in the tropics and subtropics improves soil infiltration, but some critical gaps still hinder conclusive results. Forest Ecology and Management 2019, 444, 89 -95.
AMA StyleSergio E. Lozano-Baez, Miguel Cooper, Paula Meli, Silvio F.B. Ferraz, Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues, Thomas J. Sauer. Land restoration by tree planting in the tropics and subtropics improves soil infiltration, but some critical gaps still hinder conclusive results. Forest Ecology and Management. 2019; 444 ():89-95.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSergio E. Lozano-Baez; Miguel Cooper; Paula Meli; Silvio F.B. Ferraz; Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues; Thomas J. Sauer. 2019. "Land restoration by tree planting in the tropics and subtropics improves soil infiltration, but some critical gaps still hinder conclusive results." Forest Ecology and Management 444, no. : 89-95.
Awareness of evapotranspiration (ET) and crop coefficient (Kc) is necessary for irrigation management in coffee crops. ET and Kc spatial variabilities are disregarded in traditional methods. Methods based on radiometric measurements have potential to obtain these spatialized variables. The Kc curve and spatial variability of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) were determined using images from Landsat 8 satellite. We used images of young and adult coffee plantations from OLI (Operational Land Imager) and TIRS (Thermal Infrared Sensor) sensors over a two-year period. Evapotranspiration was estimated using the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL). Moreover, the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was estimated through the Penman-Monteith method. We obtained the values for the evapotranspiration fraction (ETf), analogous to Kc, according to ET and ETo values. The study was conducted in Buritis, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, in areas cropped with Coffea arabica irrigated by central pivots. A comparative analysis was made using different statistical indices. Average ETa was 2.17 mm d−1 for young coffee plantations, , and the Kc mean value was 0.6. For adult coffee plantations, average ETa was 3.95 mm d−1, , and the K mean value was 0.85. The ET and K data obtained based on the SEBAL algorithm displayed similar values to studies that used traditional methods. This model has huge potential to estimate ET of different stages of coffee plantation for the region studied.
Jéfferson De Oliveira Costa; Rubens Duarte Coelho; Wagner Wolff; Jefferson Vieira José; Marcos Vinicius Folegatti; Silvio Frosini De Barros Ferraz. Spatial variability of coffee plant water consumption based on the SEBAL algorithm. Scientia Agricola 2019, 76, 93 -101.
AMA StyleJéfferson De Oliveira Costa, Rubens Duarte Coelho, Wagner Wolff, Jefferson Vieira José, Marcos Vinicius Folegatti, Silvio Frosini De Barros Ferraz. Spatial variability of coffee plant water consumption based on the SEBAL algorithm. Scientia Agricola. 2019; 76 (2):93-101.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJéfferson De Oliveira Costa; Rubens Duarte Coelho; Wagner Wolff; Jefferson Vieira José; Marcos Vinicius Folegatti; Silvio Frosini De Barros Ferraz. 2019. "Spatial variability of coffee plant water consumption based on the SEBAL algorithm." Scientia Agricola 76, no. 2: 93-101.
Apesar da reconhecida importância da Mata Atlântica, há uma escassez de estudos utilizando o sensoriamento remoto como ferramenta para identificação e classificação dos diferentes estágios sucessionais de seus remanescentes florestais. Neste estudo comparamos o desempenho de diferentes métodos para classificação de estágio sucessional e investigamos a existência de sazonalidade na resposta espectral de uma floresta tropical densa na Mata Atlântica. Usamos amostras de treinamento de três estágios sucessionais obtidas a partir de uma ortofoto de 2010 e selecionamos imagens Landsat 5 TM para os anos de 2009, 2010 e 2011, considerando os meses de maiores e menores médias históricas de temperatura e precipitação. Para avaliação da sazonalidade da resposta espectral usamos o teste de Mann-Whitney, comparando cada banda do espectro eletromagnético e estágios sucessionais entre as épocas de aquisição das imagens. Para classificação da cobertura vegetal usamos três Índices de vegetação (NDVI, EVI e NDMI) e Análise Discriminante Quadrática (QDA). Comparamos a acurácia dos classificadores a partir de matrizes de validação cruzada. Nossos resultados mostram diferenças significativas entre os estágios sucessionais para todas as bandas espectrais, com melhor distinção na época de menores temperaturas e precipitação. QDA foi o classificador com maior acerto global (92%), seguido por NDMI (68%), NDVI (67%) e EVI (59%). Concluímos que QDA é, dentre os classificadores avaliados, o mais eficiente para classificação sucessional da floresta e que imagens obtidas em época de menor precipitação e temperatura geram uma melhor distinção entre estágios sucessionais para essa fisionomia florestal.
Gabriela Miranda Teixeira; Pablo Hugo Alves Figueiredo; Silvio Frosini De Barros Ferraz; Luiz Felippe Salemi; Mauricio Ranzini; Nivaldo Eduardo Rizzi. ANÁLISE DE CLASSIFICADORES DE ESTÁGIOS SUCESSIONAIS EM UM FRAGMENTO DE MATA ATLÂNTICA. BIOFIX Scientific Journal 2019, 4, 88 -96.
AMA StyleGabriela Miranda Teixeira, Pablo Hugo Alves Figueiredo, Silvio Frosini De Barros Ferraz, Luiz Felippe Salemi, Mauricio Ranzini, Nivaldo Eduardo Rizzi. ANÁLISE DE CLASSIFICADORES DE ESTÁGIOS SUCESSIONAIS EM UM FRAGMENTO DE MATA ATLÂNTICA. BIOFIX Scientific Journal. 2019; 4 (2):88-96.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGabriela Miranda Teixeira; Pablo Hugo Alves Figueiredo; Silvio Frosini De Barros Ferraz; Luiz Felippe Salemi; Mauricio Ranzini; Nivaldo Eduardo Rizzi. 2019. "ANÁLISE DE CLASSIFICADORES DE ESTÁGIOS SUCESSIONAIS EM UM FRAGMENTO DE MATA ATLÂNTICA." BIOFIX Scientific Journal 4, no. 2: 88-96.