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Considering the broad range of applications, efficient retrieval and storing electrical energy methods are still challenging. Besides the load variations, the ever-increasing intermittent renewable energy penetration into the grid system has witnessed the system complexities. In off-grid applications, energy storage can balance electricity consumption and electricity generation to avoid voltage and frequency deviations. This research paper focuses on the energy management of an off-grid climate refuge system used for hot and arid locations with a system comparison for two routes of different storage techniques, namely flywheels and a lithium-ion battery. The proposed system can generate its power from photovoltaics and provide cooling and other auxiliaries through vapor compression cycle and water misting units with an operation of about 16 hours (ie, from 7:00 am to 11:00 pm) on the weekdays and 12 hours on the weekends. A comparison of levelized costs is conducted for the evaluation using HOMER software. The annual energy production by solar photovoltaics for the proposed system is 20 MWh, and the annual consumption is 16 MWh. The photovoltaic-battery storage system has shown the lowest cost of electricity, corresponding to 0.761 $/kWh, and net present cost of $66 238 and is optimum in all sensitivity analysis cases.
Fariha Niaz; Manal AlShafi; Yusuf Bicer. Comparison of two storage units for a sustainable off‐grid climate refuge shelter. Energy Storage 2021, e258 .
AMA StyleFariha Niaz, Manal AlShafi, Yusuf Bicer. Comparison of two storage units for a sustainable off‐grid climate refuge shelter. Energy Storage. 2021; ():e258.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFariha Niaz; Manal AlShafi; Yusuf Bicer. 2021. "Comparison of two storage units for a sustainable off‐grid climate refuge shelter." Energy Storage , no. : e258.
Decentralized food production can lead to the optimum and resilient utilization of resources while increasing the system performance, which can be made possible with the implementation of renewables. This study demonstrates a solar-powered multigeneration system designed to produce electrical power, freshwater from seawater, oxygen, hydrogen, and space cooling for a greenhouse application. The system’s main components include a Parabolic trough collector, organic Rankine cycle, multi-stage flash desalination unit, water electrolyzer, hydrogen-oxy combustor, thermal energy storage, absorption cooling system, and a greenhouse structure. For the system’s continuous operation, thermal energy storage and hydrogen-oxy combustor are used as a backup energy utilizing the hydrogen and oxygen produced from the electrolyzer. The integrated system is thermodynamically analyzed using mass, energy, entropy, and exergy balance equations. Furthermore, specified system outputs are evaluated by conducting parametric studies related to solar radiation, ambient temperature, and greenhouse area. The results of the analysis demonstrate that by installing a parabolic trough collector on an area of 80,000 m2, the integrated system delivers an electrical power of 2.70 MW, approximately 72.2 m3/day of freshwater, 796 kW of space cooling, 6420 kg/day of oxygen, and 802.3 kg/day of hydrogen. The overall system energy and exergy efficiencies are 41.0% and 28.4%, respectively. The system is designed in a way that it can be scaled up or down as a part of a decentralized food production system.
Farhat Mahmood; Yusuf Bicer; Tareq Al-Ansari. Design and thermodynamic assessment of a solar powered energy–food–water nexus driven multigeneration system. Energy Reports 2021, 7, 3033 -3049.
AMA StyleFarhat Mahmood, Yusuf Bicer, Tareq Al-Ansari. Design and thermodynamic assessment of a solar powered energy–food–water nexus driven multigeneration system. Energy Reports. 2021; 7 ():3033-3049.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarhat Mahmood; Yusuf Bicer; Tareq Al-Ansari. 2021. "Design and thermodynamic assessment of a solar powered energy–food–water nexus driven multigeneration system." Energy Reports 7, no. : 3033-3049.
Environmental regulations have always been an essential component in the natural gas supply chain, with recent and greater emphasis on shipping operations. Recently more stringent regulations have been imposed by the International Maritime Organization on global maritime shipping operations. This review explores the challenges and opportunities associated with substituting heavy fuel oils used for maritime transportation with relatively cleaner fuels. First, the review considers the feasibility and environmental dimensions of different bunker fuels, including liquefied natural gas, hydrogen, and ammonia. Also, the operational viability and optimal conditions for these fuels are examined. Secondly, the review considers the entire supply chain, with an emphasis on how liquefied natural gas exporters can establish synergies across the supply chain to also deliver the end-product required by customers instead of delivering only liquefied natural gas. Finally, measures that can support ship operators to comply with environmental regulations are suggested. The outcomes of this review supports the notion that the demand for alternative fuels will continue to increase as the transportation sector moves towards integrating cleaner fuels to comply with increasing environmental regulations.
Ahad Al-Enazi; Eric C. Okonkwo; Yusuf Bicer; Tareq Al-Ansari. A review of cleaner alternative fuels for maritime transportation. Energy Reports 2021, 7, 1962 -1985.
AMA StyleAhad Al-Enazi, Eric C. Okonkwo, Yusuf Bicer, Tareq Al-Ansari. A review of cleaner alternative fuels for maritime transportation. Energy Reports. 2021; 7 ():1962-1985.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhad Al-Enazi; Eric C. Okonkwo; Yusuf Bicer; Tareq Al-Ansari. 2021. "A review of cleaner alternative fuels for maritime transportation." Energy Reports 7, no. : 1962-1985.
There is an increasing demand for clean water as the population of the earth is exponentially increasing. Many countries are facing water shortage problems, which are bound to become more prevalent in upcoming years. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate sustainable methods to produce clean water for drinking, irrigation, agriculture and domestic use. Electrodialysis uses electricity and specialized membranes to separate ionic substances from water. This practice can be used for desalination and wastewater treatment. To make the process more sustainable, electrodialysis can be coupled with renewable sources of energy such as solar and wind power. Photo-electrodialysis and photovoltaic-electrodialysis are two methods commonly used to couple solar energy with the electrodialysis process. However, these processes are dependent on the availability of sunlight and wind as weather conditions and the positioning of the sun vary by time. Electrodialysis is more favourable for brackish water desalination instead of seawater desalination as it has a lower energy requirement. Desalinating brackish water (1000–5000 ppm) has an energy requirement in the range of 0.4–4 kWh/m3. This review paper summarizes the fundamental concepts of electrodialysis technology and its integration with renewable energy sources such as photo electrodialysis, photovoltaic assisted electrodialysis, reversible electrodialysis/electrodialysis and wind energy-driven electrodialysis. Some aspects that have been considered are the freshwater capacity, specific energy and costs of the hybrid systems.
Namra Mir; Yusuf Bicer. Integration of electrodialysis with renewable energy sources for sustainable freshwater production: A review. Journal of Environmental Management 2021, 289, 112496 .
AMA StyleNamra Mir, Yusuf Bicer. Integration of electrodialysis with renewable energy sources for sustainable freshwater production: A review. Journal of Environmental Management. 2021; 289 ():112496.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNamra Mir; Yusuf Bicer. 2021. "Integration of electrodialysis with renewable energy sources for sustainable freshwater production: A review." Journal of Environmental Management 289, no. : 112496.
This paper studies the heat storage system's influence on a solar chimney's power production. This study considers several material types, including solid and phase change materials, at the bottom section of a solar chimney for energy storage, and evaluates their effects on the energy yield and capacity to prolong the power output during the absence of the sun. A computational fluid dynamic model using COMSOL Multiphysics is performed to carry out this work. An initial steady‐state analysis using average monthly irradiance is implemented, after which the top two solid and phase change material options are selected. Subsequently, a time‐dependent simulation using a typical summer day is carried out for the chosen storage materials. The overall performance results are comparatively assessed in terms of average temperature, power generation, and efficiency. As a result, bismuth‐led‐tin‐cadmium and magnesium chloride hexahydrate present the highest power production among the phase change materials, giving a yearly average power output of 27.46 kW and a storage temperature of about 346 K. On the other hand, sandstone offers the highest overall annual average power production, yielding 31.49 kW, and a storage temperature of 352.17 K. This material also reflects the highest yearly average energy and exergy efficiencies with 0.122% and 0.128%, respectively.
Carlos Méndez; Yusuf Bicer. Comparison of the influence of solid and phase change materials as a thermal storage medium on the performance of a solar chimney. Energy Science & Engineering 2021, 9, 1274 -1288.
AMA StyleCarlos Méndez, Yusuf Bicer. Comparison of the influence of solid and phase change materials as a thermal storage medium on the performance of a solar chimney. Energy Science & Engineering. 2021; 9 (8):1274-1288.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Méndez; Yusuf Bicer. 2021. "Comparison of the influence of solid and phase change materials as a thermal storage medium on the performance of a solar chimney." Energy Science & Engineering 9, no. 8: 1274-1288.
This paper studies the viability of utilizing an integrated system to yield electricity and freshwater, with solar chimney and wind energy as its leading technologies. An initial analysis is performed to evaluate the electricity generation and heat absorption by the storage system of the solar chimney. Moreover, thermal and membrane-based desalination technologies are included in a cascaded manner to produce freshwater, utilizing the heat source of the solar chimney thermal storage. In addition, a Pressure-Retarded Osmosis subsystem is incorporated to use the discharged brine from the desalination systems, creating an additional electrical output by recovering brine energy. A wind power plant is added for generating more power while satisfying the demand of the multisystem. For energy storage purposes, a pumped hydro system is implemented to store freshwater and meet electrical and water demand without interruption. As a result, the integrated system, including a 5 × 3.4 MW wind farm, presents an overall energetic efficiency of 52.53% during the discharge of the water tank, and 52.51% while storing the water. These efficiencies are significantly higher than a stand-alone solar chimney (0.44%) dedicated to electricity generation only.
Carlos Méndez; Yusuf Bicer. Integrated system based on solar chimney and wind energy for hybrid desalination via reverse osmosis and multi-stage flash with brine recovery. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 2021, 44, 101080 .
AMA StyleCarlos Méndez, Yusuf Bicer. Integrated system based on solar chimney and wind energy for hybrid desalination via reverse osmosis and multi-stage flash with brine recovery. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments. 2021; 44 ():101080.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Méndez; Yusuf Bicer. 2021. "Integrated system based on solar chimney and wind energy for hybrid desalination via reverse osmosis and multi-stage flash with brine recovery." Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 44, no. : 101080.
Enas Fares; Yusuf Bicer. Corrigendum to “Comparative performance evaluation of c-Si and GaAs type PV cells with and without anti-soiling coating using energy and exergy analysis” [Renew. Energy volume 146 (2020) 1010–2020]. Renewable Energy 2021, 173, 1138 .
AMA StyleEnas Fares, Yusuf Bicer. Corrigendum to “Comparative performance evaluation of c-Si and GaAs type PV cells with and without anti-soiling coating using energy and exergy analysis” [Renew. Energy volume 146 (2020) 1010–2020]. Renewable Energy. 2021; 173 ():1138.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEnas Fares; Yusuf Bicer. 2021. "Corrigendum to “Comparative performance evaluation of c-Si and GaAs type PV cells with and without anti-soiling coating using energy and exergy analysis” [Renew. Energy volume 146 (2020) 1010–2020]." Renewable Energy 173, no. : 1138.
The objective of this work is to propose an integrated system for formic acid synthesis via photovoltaic (PV) assisted‐chloralkali process and clean power generation by the fuel cell. The initial step is to develop process flow diagrams and to apply heat integration techniques to conserve energy in the synthesis of formic acid and direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC). The proposed system forms formic acid from gaseous H2 produced from chloralkali unit and captured CO2. The electricity requirements of both PV‐assisted chloralkali and compression stages are supplied from the PV units. The results imply that the chloralkali process necessitates about 7.22 MW power to produce hydrogen at 25°C and 1 bar with an energy efficiency of 84%. H2 and CO2 gases are compressed to 60 bars with a total energy requirement of 951 kW. In the heat integration part, different scenarios are developed to determine the minimum heating and cooling requirements for maximum heat recovery. The results of such heat integration were achieved to conserve the energy in the formic acid process with total hot and cold utilities of 599 kW and 1,884 kW, respectively. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Nour Mardini; Yusuf Bicer. Formic acid synthesis and utilization for solar energy storage through solar‐driven chloralkali process and fuel cells. Energy Storage 2021, e235 .
AMA StyleNour Mardini, Yusuf Bicer. Formic acid synthesis and utilization for solar energy storage through solar‐driven chloralkali process and fuel cells. Energy Storage. 2021; ():e235.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNour Mardini; Yusuf Bicer. 2021. "Formic acid synthesis and utilization for solar energy storage through solar‐driven chloralkali process and fuel cells." Energy Storage , no. : e235.
The objective of this work is to develop a process flow modeling for the synthesis of formic acid from CO2 and H2 for energy storage and transport purposes. The use of formic acid as an energy storage medium is promising due to difficulties in hydrogen storage, where formic acid can be stored for a longer time with less losses, and then can be utilized in a direct formic acid fuel cell for cleaner power generation. The process flow is developed using Aspen Plus and Engineering Equation Solver to obtain the energy and mass balances, efficiencies, fuel utilization, and Nernst voltage of the direct formic acid fuel cell. The model is validated against data available in the literature for operating parameters. The results show that the operation parameters such as formic acid formation rate, heat duty, and work values, fuel cell efficiency have a significant influence on the overall performance. The proposed system forms formic acid from gaseous H2 and CO2 with an energy efficiency of about 19%. The formed formic acid is initially stored in a tank for energy storage and then used in a direct formic acid fuel cell to produce about 168 kW power with an energy efficiency of 16% at 0.7 V, 25 °C and 1 bar.
Nour Mardini; Yusuf Bicer. Direct synthesis of formic acid as hydrogen carrier from CO2 for cleaner power generation through direct formic acid fuel cell. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2021, 46, 13050 -13060.
AMA StyleNour Mardini, Yusuf Bicer. Direct synthesis of formic acid as hydrogen carrier from CO2 for cleaner power generation through direct formic acid fuel cell. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2021; 46 (24):13050-13060.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNour Mardini; Yusuf Bicer. 2021. "Direct synthesis of formic acid as hydrogen carrier from CO2 for cleaner power generation through direct formic acid fuel cell." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 46, no. 24: 13050-13060.
This study discusses and thermodynamically analyzes several energy storage systems, namely; pumped-hydro, compressed air, hot water storage, molten salt thermal storage, hydrogen, ammonia, lithium-ion battery, Zn-air battery, redox flow battery, reversible fuel cells, supercapacitors, and superconducting magnetic storage through the first and second law of thermodynamics. By fixing an electrical output of 100 kW for all systems, the energy efficiencies obtained for the considered energy storage methods vary between 10.9% and 74.6% whereas, the exergy efficiencies range between 23.1% and 71.9%. The exergy destruction rates are also calculated for each system ranging from 1.640 kW to 356 kW. The highest destruction rate is obtained for the solar-driven molten salt thermal energy storage system since it includes thermal energy conversion via the heliostat field. Furthermore, the roundtrip efficiencies for the electrochemical and electromagnetic storage systems are compared with the analyzed systems, ranging from 58% to 94%. Renewable sources (solar, wind, ocean current, biomass, and geothermal) energy conversion efficiencies are also considered for the final round-trip performances. The molten salt and hot water systems are applicable to solar, geothermal, and biomass. The highest source-to-electricity efficiency is obtained for the super magnetic storage with 37.6% when using wind, ocean current, and biomass sources.
Manal AlShafi; Yusuf Bicer. Thermodynamic performance comparison of various energy storage systems from source-to-electricity for renewable energy resources. Energy 2020, 219, 119626 .
AMA StyleManal AlShafi, Yusuf Bicer. Thermodynamic performance comparison of various energy storage systems from source-to-electricity for renewable energy resources. Energy. 2020; 219 ():119626.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManal AlShafi; Yusuf Bicer. 2020. "Thermodynamic performance comparison of various energy storage systems from source-to-electricity for renewable energy resources." Energy 219, no. : 119626.
In this paper, a thermodynamic model of a combined photo-electrodialysis-chloralkali system for desalination is developed. The waste stream from an electrodialysis unit is sent to a chloralkali reactor, which produces several useful commodities namely; H2, Cl2, and NaOH. Photoactive materials BiVO4 and Cu2O are utilized as photo-electrode coatings for the electrodialysis and chloralkali units, respectively. Photovoltaic panels are also used to provide the required electricity for the electrochemical processes. A sensitivity analysis is performed to find the effects of changing the salinity, temperature, flow rate, and recovery rate on the system performances. The feed salinity is ranged from 10 to 35 g/kg and the freshwater capacity is ranged from 35 to 350 m3/day in the system. The specific energy requirements for the electrodialysis and chloralkali units are found to be 1.225 kWh/m3 of freshwater produced and 2.5 kWh/kg Cl2 produced respectively for a salt rejection rate of 0.96 and a recovery rate of 0.77. Furthermore, the energy efficiencies for the photo-assisted electrodialysis (PED) and photo-assisted chloralkali (PCA) units are found to be 42.56% and 48.04%, respectively. Finally, the overall combined system energy and exergy efficiencies are found to be 23.93% and 33.14%, respectively.
Namra Mir; Yusuf Bicer. Thermodynamic modeling of a combined photo-electrodialysis-chloralkali system for sustainable desalination. Desalination 2020, 499, 114822 .
AMA StyleNamra Mir, Yusuf Bicer. Thermodynamic modeling of a combined photo-electrodialysis-chloralkali system for sustainable desalination. Desalination. 2020; 499 ():114822.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNamra Mir; Yusuf Bicer. 2020. "Thermodynamic modeling of a combined photo-electrodialysis-chloralkali system for sustainable desalination." Desalination 499, no. : 114822.
This study provides a life cycle cost comparison of four different integrated systems powered by solar energy to provide electricity, water, and cooling for a self-sufficient greenhouse complex. System-1 and System-2 have a vapor absorption cooling system, while System-3 and System-4 have a vapor compression cooling system to provide the required cooling. All the systems have a multi-stage flash desalination unit driven by solar thermal energy to provide freshwater. PV or PV/T modules are installed to meet the electricity demands of the greenhouses. A new greenhouse roof concept is introduced in System-2 and System-4, where there are spectrum selective nanofluids as the working fluid of the PV/T units. This spectrum selective nanofluid absorbs solar radiations having wavelength greater than 1400 nm while flowing through the roof of the greenhouse, and thus reducing the cooling load of greenhouses. The thermal energy of PV/T is utilized to pre-heat the sea water entering the desalination unit for improved process efficiencies. The life cycle cost analysis indicates that the systems employing nanofluid are less costly than the regular systems due to better efficiency and lower energy requirements, especially in cooling. The reductions in life cycle cost of 22.3% and 12.8% are obtained for System-2 and System-4 as compared to System-1 and System-3, respectively. The evacuated tube collectors constitute more than 60% share of the life cycle cost of System-1 and System-3, while PV and PV/T modules have more than 50% share in the life cycle cost for System-2 and System-4. The ambient temperature and solar irradiance have a significant impact on the life cycle cost of all systems. The minimum values for the levelized cost of electricity and cooling are found to be 0.033 $/kWh and 0.015 $/kWh, respectively, for the System-3. System-2 has a minimum cost value of 1.45 $/m3 for the levelized cost of freshwater.
Muhammad Usman Sajid; Yusuf Bicer. Comparative life cycle cost analysis of various solar energy-based integrated systems for self-sufficient greenhouses. Sustainable Production and Consumption 2020, 27, 141 -156.
AMA StyleMuhammad Usman Sajid, Yusuf Bicer. Comparative life cycle cost analysis of various solar energy-based integrated systems for self-sufficient greenhouses. Sustainable Production and Consumption. 2020; 27 ():141-156.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Usman Sajid; Yusuf Bicer. 2020. "Comparative life cycle cost analysis of various solar energy-based integrated systems for self-sufficient greenhouses." Sustainable Production and Consumption 27, no. : 141-156.
To keep the temperature of miniature devices in the safe threshold, cooling of minichannel heat sinks via nanofluid has emerged as an effective technique. The prime focus of present work is to analyze the impact of channel configuration, nanoparticle concentration, Reynolds number, and heating power on the thermal and exergetic performances of the corrugated minichannel heat sinks by employing distilled water and MgO–water nanofluid as coolants. The heat sinks used in this study are made of aluminium. The volume fractions of nanoparticles used in the experimentation are 0.006%, 0.008%, and 0.01%. From experimental results, comparisons of thermal performance were made between the heat sinks employing different coolants. The heat sink with minimum wavelength (5 mm) and amplitude (0.5 mm) displayed the lowest wall temperature of 33.86°C, while 28.75% enhancement in Nusselt number for 0.01 vol.% nanofluid as compared to distilled water. The enhancement in nanoparticle concentration and Reynolds number showed an increase in exergy efficiency and outlet exergy of coolants, whereas a reduction in thermal resistance and logarithmic mean temperature difference of heat sinks.
Muhammad Usman Sajid; Hafiz Muhammad Ali; Yusuf Bicer. Exergetic performance assessment of magnesium oxide–water nanofluid in corrugated minichannel heat sinks: An experimental study. International Journal of Energy Research 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Usman Sajid, Hafiz Muhammad Ali, Yusuf Bicer. Exergetic performance assessment of magnesium oxide–water nanofluid in corrugated minichannel heat sinks: An experimental study. International Journal of Energy Research. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Usman Sajid; Hafiz Muhammad Ali; Yusuf Bicer. 2020. "Exergetic performance assessment of magnesium oxide–water nanofluid in corrugated minichannel heat sinks: An experimental study." International Journal of Energy Research , no. : 1.
E-Mobility deployment has attained increased interest during recent years in various countries all over the world. This interest has focused mainly on reducing the reliance on fossil fuel-based means of transportation and decreasing the harmful emissions produced from this sector. To secure the electricity required to satisfy Electric Vehicles’ (EVs’) charging needs without expanding or overloading the existing electricity infrastructure, stand-alone charging stations powered by renewable sources are considered as a reasonable solution. This paper investigates the simulation of the optimal energy management of a proposed grid-independent, multi-generation, fast-charging station in the State of Qatar, which comprises hybrid wind, solar and biofuel systems along with ammonia, hydrogen and battery storage units. The study aims to assess the optimal sizing of the solar, wind and biofuel units to be incorporated in the design along with the optimal ammonia, hydrogen and battery storage capacities to fulfill the daily EV demand in an uninterruptable manner. The main objective is to fast-charge a minimum of 50 EVs daily, while the constraints are the intermittent and volatile nature of renewable energy sources, the stochastic nature of EV demand, local meteorological conditions and land space limitations. The results show that the selection of a 468 kWp concentrated photovoltaic thermal plant, 250 kW-rated wind turbine, 10 kW biodiesel power generator unit and 595 kWh battery storage system, along with the on-site production of hydrogen and ammonia, to generate 200 kW power via fuel cells can achieve the desired target, with a total halt of on-site hydrogen and ammonia production during October and November and 50% reduction during December.
Abdulla Al Wahedi; Yusuf Bicer. A Case Study in Qatar for Optimal Energy Management of an Autonomous Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Station with Multiple Renewable Energy and Storage Systems. Energies 2020, 13, 5095 .
AMA StyleAbdulla Al Wahedi, Yusuf Bicer. A Case Study in Qatar for Optimal Energy Management of an Autonomous Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Station with Multiple Renewable Energy and Storage Systems. Energies. 2020; 13 (19):5095.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdulla Al Wahedi; Yusuf Bicer. 2020. "A Case Study in Qatar for Optimal Energy Management of an Autonomous Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Station with Multiple Renewable Energy and Storage Systems." Energies 13, no. 19: 5095.
This study analyzes the feasibility of satisfying the demand of three Football Stadiums for the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar, using the wind’s kinetic energy. For all three selected locations (Lusail, Al Rayyan, and Al Wakrah), the wind potentiality is calculated through an environmental parameters study, from which the wind power density is obtained. Furthermore, a commercial wind turbine with proper characteristics is selected, and the same case study for each location is presented, to quantify the capacity that wind energy offers for satisfying the maximum energy demand of each associated stadium. In addition, the environmental benefits and the time required by each wind farm to satisfy the energy demand are computed. The results reveal that the conditions enable the use of wind energy for this purpose, based on a 5.06 m/s, 4.63 m/s, and 5.18 m/s velocity mean for Lusail, Al Rayyan, and Al Wakrah, respectively; from which values of 187.49 W/m2, 150.96 W/m2, and 187.29 W/m2 of wind power density are obtained. Also, the proposed wind farms could produce 69,952.56 MWh/year, 59,550.19 MWh/year, and 75,333.70 MWh/year, respectively. Moreover, the wind farms should produce energy for a period of 5.64 h, 4.41 h, and 5.23 h, to satisfy the maximum demand by a football match in its associated location. Additionally, to avoid the implementation of a storage system, the electricity obtained from the wind is connected to the power grid, decreasing the quota of fossil fuel power plants. In consequence, Qatar will eliminate the emissions of approximately 23.376 tons of CO2 in total per trio of matches held in these stadiums. Finally, a post 2022 FIFA World Cup scenario is analyzed, obtaining a positive outcome from both environmental and economic perspectives, in which an average of 14,675 tons of CO2 and 6.03 Million US$ can be saved annually.
Carlos Méndez; Yusuf Bicer. Towards a sustainable 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar: Evaluation of wind energy potential for three football stadiums. Energy Exploration & Exploitation 2020, 38, 1893 -1913.
AMA StyleCarlos Méndez, Yusuf Bicer. Towards a sustainable 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar: Evaluation of wind energy potential for three football stadiums. Energy Exploration & Exploitation. 2020; 38 (5):1893-1913.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Méndez; Yusuf Bicer. 2020. "Towards a sustainable 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar: Evaluation of wind energy potential for three football stadiums." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 38, no. 5: 1893-1913.
Countries are under increasing pressure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as an act upon the Paris Agreement. The essential emission reductions can be achieved by environmentally friendly solutions, in particular, the introduction of low carbon or carbon-free fuels. This study presents a comparative life cycle assessment of various energy carriers namely; liquefied natural gas, methanol, dimethyl ether, liquid hydrogen and liquid ammonia that are produced from natural gas or renewables to investigate greenhouse gas emissions generated from the complete life cycle of energy carriers accounting for the leaks as well as boil-off gas occurring during storage and transportation. The entire fuel life cycle is considered consisting of production, storage, transportation via ocean tanker to different distances, and finally utilization in an internal combustion engine of a road vehicle. The results show that using natural gas as a feedstock, total greenhouse gas emissions during production, transportation (over 20,000 nmi) by a heavy fuel oil-fueled ocean tanker, and utilization in an internal combustion engine are 73.96, 95.73, 93.76, 50.83, and 100.54 g CO2 eq. MJ-1 for liquified natural gas, methanol, dimethyl ether, liquid hydrogen, and liquid ammonia, respectively. Liquid hydrogen produced from solar electrolysis is the cleanest energy carrier (42.50g CO2 eq. MJ-1 fuel), moreover, when it is produced via photovoltaic-based electrolysis, liquid ammonia (60.76 g CO2 eq. MJ-1 fuel), becomes cleaner than liquified natural gas. Although producing methanol and dimethyl ether from biomass results in a large reduction in total greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional methanol and dimethyl ether production, with a value of 73.96 g CO2 eq. per MJ, liquified natural gas represents a still cleaner option than methanol and dimethyl ether considering the full life cycle.
Mohammed Al-Breiki; Yusuf Bicer. Comparative life cycle assessment of sustainable energy carriers including production, storage, overseas transport and utilization. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 279, 123481 .
AMA StyleMohammed Al-Breiki, Yusuf Bicer. Comparative life cycle assessment of sustainable energy carriers including production, storage, overseas transport and utilization. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 279 ():123481.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed Al-Breiki; Yusuf Bicer. 2020. "Comparative life cycle assessment of sustainable energy carriers including production, storage, overseas transport and utilization." Journal of Cleaner Production 279, no. : 123481.
The proposed system targets the production of carbon dioxide-free hydrogen from liquefied natural gas through a solar-driven catalytic thermal cracking process integrated into the ammonia synthesis unit. The catalytic material is being regenerated in an adjacent vessel by burning the deposited coke. As a result, pure carbon dioxide stream is obtained and can be used directly in urea synthesis, sequestration or other related applications. It is expected that the system will reduce the amount of fossil fuel consumption in the ammonia synthesis and mitigate the associated environmental impacts. The energetic and exergetic analyses are carried out to assess the performance of the developed system and to identify the optimum operating conditions. At an operating temperature of 900 °C of thermocatalytic cracking, the optimum pressure for optimal production of hydrogen is determined to be 23.8 bar. The corresponding overall energy and exergy efficiencies are calculated as 35.8% and 37.4%, respectively. At the same conditions, the energy and exergy efficiencies of the thermal cracking unit reach 61.8% and 59.3%, respectively. Several parametric studies are conducted to evaluate the effects of operating conditions at the cracker, irradiance day-night ratio, and consideration of CO2 for transport and sequestration activities on the overall performance and production of the system. Ammonia production can reach 974 Metric Tons per Day (MTPD) and 893 MTPD considering operating conditions of 900 °C and 800 °C, and inlet LNG flow rate of 688 MTPD and 630 MTPD, respectively.
Amro M.O. Mohamed; Yusuf Bicer. Development and assessment of concentrated solar energy driven ammonia synthesis from liquefied natural gas. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2020, 46, 10093 -10103.
AMA StyleAmro M.O. Mohamed, Yusuf Bicer. Development and assessment of concentrated solar energy driven ammonia synthesis from liquefied natural gas. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2020; 46 (16):10093-10103.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmro M.O. Mohamed; Yusuf Bicer. 2020. "Development and assessment of concentrated solar energy driven ammonia synthesis from liquefied natural gas." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 46, no. 16: 10093-10103.
Electric vehicles expansion is accelerating rapidly due to e-mobility’s massive contribution in reducing fossil fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. Fulfilling the charging requirements of millions of electrical vehicles from the grid would overload the network and introduce substantial burden on the power sector. This study proposes, and thermodynamically assesses, a grid-independent and renewable energy-based, stand-alone electrical vehicle charging station consisting of CPV/T, wind turbine and biomass combustion-based steam Rankine cycle plant. Hydrogen and ammonia-based fuel cells are integrated in the design along with electrochemical, chemical and thermal storage units to ensure uninterrupted charging services during night times and unfavorable weather conditions. Since the proposed design is suggested for use in the State of Qatar, which is located in a hot region, an absorption cooling system is incorporated to cool the produced NH3 gas and convert it into liquid phase for optimal storage purposes and to maintain the operating temperature of the battery system within the allowable limits. The thermodynamic analysis followed in this study is based on writing the balance equations for mass, energy, entropy and exergy for the system’s components along with their energy and exergy efficiency equations. The results show that the energy generated from renewable energy sources and fuel cells are sufficient to fast-charge 80 electrical vehicles daily. The energy efficiencies of H2 fuel cell, NH3 fuel cell, CPV/T, wind turbine and energetic COP of the absorption cooling system are found to be 77%, 72%, 45%, 43% and 0.72, respectively. The exergy efficiency of CPV/T and the exergetic COP of the absorption cooling system are found to be 37% and 0.19, respectively. The overall energy and exergy efficiencies of the proposed integrated system are found to be 45% and 19%, respectively
Abdulla Al Wahedi; Yusuf Bicer. Development of an off-grid electrical vehicle charging station hybridized with renewables including battery cooling system and multiple energy storage units. Energy Reports 2020, 6, 2006 -2021.
AMA StyleAbdulla Al Wahedi, Yusuf Bicer. Development of an off-grid electrical vehicle charging station hybridized with renewables including battery cooling system and multiple energy storage units. Energy Reports. 2020; 6 ():2006-2021.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdulla Al Wahedi; Yusuf Bicer. 2020. "Development of an off-grid electrical vehicle charging station hybridized with renewables including battery cooling system and multiple energy storage units." Energy Reports 6, no. : 2006-2021.
As a result of particular locations of large-scale energy producers and increases in energy demand, transporting energy has become one of the key challenges of energy supply. For a long-distance ocean transportation, transfer of energy carriers via ocean tankers is considered as a decent solution compared to pipelines. Due to cryogenic temperatures of energy carriers, heat leaks into storage tanks of these carriers causes a problem called boil-off gas (BOG). BOG losses reduce the quantity of energy carriers, which affects their economic value. Therefore, this study proposes to examine the effects of BOG economically in production and transportation phases of potential energy carriers produced from natural gas, namely; liquefied natural gas (LNG), dimethyl-ether (DME), methanol, liquid ammonia (NH3), and liquid hydrogen (H2). Mathematical approach is used to calculate production and transportation costs of these energy carriers and to account for BOG as a unit cost within the total cost. The results of this study show that transportation costs of LNG, liquid ammonia, methanol, DME, and liquid hydrogen from natural gas accounting for BOG are 0.74 $/GJ, 1.09 $/GJ, 0.68 $/GJ, 0.53 $/GJ, and 3.24 $/GJ, respectively. DME and methanol can be more economic compared to LNG to transport the energy of natural gas for the same ship capacity. Including social cost of carbon (SCC) within the total cost of transporting the energy of natural gas, the transportation cost of liquid ammonia is 1.11 $/GJ, whereas LNG transportation cost rises significantly to 1.68 $/GJ at SCC of 137 $/t CO2 eq. Consequently, liquid ammonia becomes economically favored compared to LNG. Transportation cost of methanol (0.70 $/GJ) and DME (0.55 $/GJ) are also lower than LNG, however, liquid hydrogen transportation cost (3.24 $/GJ) is still the highest even though the increment of the cost is about 0.1% as SCC included within the transportation cost.
Mohammed Al-Breiki; Yusuf Bicer. Comparative cost assessment of sustainable energy carriers produced from natural gas accounting for boil-off gas and social cost of carbon. Energy Reports 2020, 6, 1897 -1909.
AMA StyleMohammed Al-Breiki, Yusuf Bicer. Comparative cost assessment of sustainable energy carriers produced from natural gas accounting for boil-off gas and social cost of carbon. Energy Reports. 2020; 6 ():1897-1909.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed Al-Breiki; Yusuf Bicer. 2020. "Comparative cost assessment of sustainable energy carriers produced from natural gas accounting for boil-off gas and social cost of carbon." Energy Reports 6, no. : 1897-1909.
In the past few decades, extensive research work has been conducted to elucidate the thermo-physical and rheological properties of nanofluids. The studies focusing on optical properties of nanofluids are limited and require a substantial amount of work in this area. Nanofluids can either absorb or transmit specific solar spectrum and thus making assorted nanofluids ideal candidates for various solar applications. The present study aims to provide a comprehensive review on the latest developments related to solar spectrum absorbance, transmittance and scattering characteristics of nanofluids for potential applications in solar spectrum splitting. The influence of numerous factors (nanoparticle size, nanoparticle shape, concentration of nanoparticles, temperature, surfactant and optical path length) on solar spectrum absorbance, transmittance and scattering characteristics of nanofluids are reviewed and discussed in detail. Present and potential applications of nanofluids as solar spectrum splitters are also mentioned. Mathematical expressions and models used in the reviewed studies for calculation of optical properties are also compiled. Most of the studies agreed that augmentation in nanoparticle size and concentration can enhance the optical absorption of nanofluid. Optical path length played a significant role in the radiative absorbance of nanofluids. The transmittance deteriorated with an increase in optical path length, size and concentration of nanoparticles. The scattering phenomenon was remarkable for nanoparticles having a size greater than 50 nm. The agglomeration of nanoparticles can strengthen the scattering and thus increase the extinction coefficient.
Muhammad Usman Sajid; Yusuf Bicer. Nanofluids as solar spectrum splitters: A critical review. Solar Energy 2020, 207, 974 -1001.
AMA StyleMuhammad Usman Sajid, Yusuf Bicer. Nanofluids as solar spectrum splitters: A critical review. Solar Energy. 2020; 207 ():974-1001.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Usman Sajid; Yusuf Bicer. 2020. "Nanofluids as solar spectrum splitters: A critical review." Solar Energy 207, no. : 974-1001.