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Multispectral imaging is a preliminary screening technique for the study of paintings. Although it permits the identification of several mineral pigments by their spectral behavior, it is considered less performing concerning hyperspectral imaging, since a limited number of wavelengths are selected. In this work, we propose an optimized method to map the distribution of the mineral pigments used by Vincenzo Pasqualoni for his wall painting placed at the Basilica of S. Nicola in Carcere in Rome, combining UV/VIS/NIR reflectance spectroscopy and multispectral imaging. The first method (UV/VIS/NIR reflectance spectroscopy) allowed us to characterize pigment layers with a high spectral resolution; the second method (UV/VIS/NIR multispectral imaging) permitted the evaluation of the pigment distribution by utilizing a restricted number of wavelengths. Combining the results obtained from both devices was possible to obtain a distribution map of a pictorial layer with a high accuracy level of pigment recognition. The method involved the joint use of point-by-point hyperspectral spectroscopy and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to identify the pigments in the color palette and evaluate the possibility to discriminate all the pigments recognized, using a minor number of wavelengths acquired through the multispectral imaging system. Finally, the distribution and the spectral difference of the different pigments recognized in the multispectral images, (in this case: red ochre, yellow ochre, orpiment, cobalt blue-based pigments, ultramarine and chrome green) were shown through PCA false-color images.
Lucilla Pronti; Giuseppe Capobianco; Margherita Vendittelli; Anna Felici; Silvia Serranti; Giuseppe Bonifazi. Optimized Method for Mapping Inorganic Pigments by Means of Multispectral Imaging Combined with Hyperspectral Spectroscopy for the Study of Vincenzo Pasqualoni’s Wall Painting at the Basilica of S. Nicola in Carcere in Rome. Minerals 2021, 11, 839 .
AMA StyleLucilla Pronti, Giuseppe Capobianco, Margherita Vendittelli, Anna Felici, Silvia Serranti, Giuseppe Bonifazi. Optimized Method for Mapping Inorganic Pigments by Means of Multispectral Imaging Combined with Hyperspectral Spectroscopy for the Study of Vincenzo Pasqualoni’s Wall Painting at the Basilica of S. Nicola in Carcere in Rome. Minerals. 2021; 11 (8):839.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLucilla Pronti; Giuseppe Capobianco; Margherita Vendittelli; Anna Felici; Silvia Serranti; Giuseppe Bonifazi. 2021. "Optimized Method for Mapping Inorganic Pigments by Means of Multispectral Imaging Combined with Hyperspectral Spectroscopy for the Study of Vincenzo Pasqualoni’s Wall Painting at the Basilica of S. Nicola in Carcere in Rome." Minerals 11, no. 8: 839.
In the last decades, the working methods of late medieval illuminators have been widely discussed by art historians and codicologists. Non-invasive analyses are able to characterise the painting methods of illuminators as well as investigate artistic collaborations among them. The aim of this study was to characterise the painting palettes and techniques of different artists who illuminated two leaves from an early fourteenth century manuscript. The analyses were carried out with non-invasive and portable techniques such as Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) spectrometry, Fiber Optics Reflectance Spectroscopy (FORS) and Raman spectroscopy. The paper highlights the differences among three rich and varied palettes and examines the pigments ultramarine, azurite, verdigris, earths, orpiment, red lead, vermillion, lead white, yellow lake, indigo, brazilwood and lac, used independently or in mixtures. We have demonstrated the effectiveness of non-invasive analyses as a tool to differentiate hands of artists who have worked on the same page. Furthermore, the comparison with analyses carried out on leaves attributed to the workshop of Pacino di Bonaguida allows to investigate in-depth the production of the main illuminators active in Florence at the dawn of the Renaissance.
Michela Perino; Lucilla Pronti; Lucrezia Di Forti; Martina Romani; Cecilia Taverna; Lola Massolo; Francesca Manzari; Mariangela Cestelli-Guidi; Alessandro Nucara; Anna Felici. Revealing Artists’ Collaboration in a 14th Century Manuscript by Non-Invasive Analyses. Minerals 2021, 11, 771 .
AMA StyleMichela Perino, Lucilla Pronti, Lucrezia Di Forti, Martina Romani, Cecilia Taverna, Lola Massolo, Francesca Manzari, Mariangela Cestelli-Guidi, Alessandro Nucara, Anna Felici. Revealing Artists’ Collaboration in a 14th Century Manuscript by Non-Invasive Analyses. Minerals. 2021; 11 (7):771.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichela Perino; Lucilla Pronti; Lucrezia Di Forti; Martina Romani; Cecilia Taverna; Lola Massolo; Francesca Manzari; Mariangela Cestelli-Guidi; Alessandro Nucara; Anna Felici. 2021. "Revealing Artists’ Collaboration in a 14th Century Manuscript by Non-Invasive Analyses." Minerals 11, no. 7: 771.
The present research is focused on the synthesis of hexagonal ZnO wurtzite nanorods for the decoration of commercially available electrospun nylon nanofibers. The growth of ZnO was performed by a hydrothermal technique and for the first time on commercial electrospun veils. The growth step was optimized by adopting a procedure with the refresh of growing solution each hour of treatment (Method 1) and with the maintenance of a specific growth solution volume for the entire duration of the treatment (Method 2). The overall treatment time and volume of solution were also optimized by analyzing the morphology of ZnO nanostructures, the coverage degree, the thermal and mechanical stability of the obtained decorated electrospun nanofibers. In the optimal synthesis conditions (Method 2), hexagonal ZnO nanorods with a diameter and length of 53.5 nm ± 5.7 nm and 375.4 nm ± 37.8 nm, respectively, were obtained with a homogeneous and complete coverage of the veils. This easily scalable procedure did not damage the veils that could be potentially used as toughening elements in composites to prevent delamination onset and propagation. The presence of photoreactive species makes these materials ideal also as environmentally friendly photocatalysts for wastewater treatment. In this regard, photocatalytic tests were performed using methylene blue (MB) as model compound. Under UV light irradiation, the degradation of MB followed a first kinetic order data fitting and after 3 h of treatment a MB degradation of 91.0% ± 5.1% was achieved. The reusability of decorated veils was evaluated and a decrease in photocatalysis efficiency was detected after the third cycle of use.
Irene Bavasso; Francesca Sbardella; Maria Bracciale; Matteo Lilli; Jacopo Tirillò; Luca Palma; Anna Felici; Fabrizio Sarasini. Functionalization of Commercial Electrospun Veils with Zinc Oxide Nanostructures. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 418 .
AMA StyleIrene Bavasso, Francesca Sbardella, Maria Bracciale, Matteo Lilli, Jacopo Tirillò, Luca Palma, Anna Felici, Fabrizio Sarasini. Functionalization of Commercial Electrospun Veils with Zinc Oxide Nanostructures. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11 (2):418.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIrene Bavasso; Francesca Sbardella; Maria Bracciale; Matteo Lilli; Jacopo Tirillò; Luca Palma; Anna Felici; Fabrizio Sarasini. 2021. "Functionalization of Commercial Electrospun Veils with Zinc Oxide Nanostructures." Nanomaterials 11, no. 2: 418.
This article shows the first pigment identification of the Campana reliefs, Roman architectural earthenware plaques. The Campana reliefs polychromy were investigated by applying a multidisciplinary approach involving non-invasive and micro-destructive techniques to some fragments with traces of colour found on the north-eastern slopes of the Palatine Hill in Rome. X-ray fluorescence analysis and reflectance measurements provided preliminary identification of pigments, which was subsequently confirmed by X-ray diffraction and elemental mapping by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry carried out on micro-samples and cross sections, respectively. Yellow ochre, red ochre, lead white, calcium-based white pigment, Egyptian blue and minium were identified. In addition, PIL (Photo Induced Luminescence) imaging was performed, identifying the macro-distribution of Egyptian blue, even on plaques without visible traces of colour.
O. Tarquini; L. Pronti; E.G. Lorenzetti; Anna Candida Felici. Pigment identification on Campana reliefs from the Palatine Hill and Colosseum Valley in Rome. Journal of Cultural Heritage 2020, 43, 294 -302.
AMA StyleO. Tarquini, L. Pronti, E.G. Lorenzetti, Anna Candida Felici. Pigment identification on Campana reliefs from the Palatine Hill and Colosseum Valley in Rome. Journal of Cultural Heritage. 2020; 43 ():294-302.
Chicago/Turabian StyleO. Tarquini; L. Pronti; E.G. Lorenzetti; Anna Candida Felici. 2020. "Pigment identification on Campana reliefs from the Palatine Hill and Colosseum Valley in Rome." Journal of Cultural Heritage 43, no. : 294-302.
The colonization of microorganisms and their subsequent interaction with stone substrates under different environmental conditions encourage deterioration of materials by multiple mechanisms resulting in changes in the original color, appearance and durability. One of the emerging alternatives to remedy biodeterioration is nanotechnology, thanks to nanoparticle properties such as small size, no-toxicity, high photo-reactivity, and low impact on the environment. This study highlighted the effects of ZnO-based nanomaterials of two bacteria genera isolated from the Temple of Concordia (Agrigento’s Valley of the Temples in Sicily, Italy) that are involved in biodeterioration processes. The antimicrobial activities of ZnO-nanorods (Zn-NRs) and graphene nanoplatelets decorated with Zn-NRs (ZNGs) were evaluated against the Gram positive Arthrobacter aurescens and two isolates of the Gram negative Achromobacter spanius. ZNGs demonstrated high antibacterial and antibiofilm activities on several substrates such as stones with different porosity. In the case of ZNGs, a marked time- and dose-dependent bactericidal effect was highlighted against all bacterial species. Therefore, these nanomaterials represent a promising tool for developing biocompatible materials that can be exploited for the conservation of cultural heritage. These nanostructures can be successfully applied without releasing toxic compounds, thus spreading their usability.
Emily Schifano; Domenico Cavallini; Giovanni De Bellis; Maria Paola Bracciale; Anna Candida Felici; Maria Laura Santarelli; Maria Sabrina Sarto; Daniela Uccelletti. Antibacterial Effect of Zinc Oxide-Based Nanomaterials on Environmental Biodeteriogens Affecting Historical Buildings. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 335 .
AMA StyleEmily Schifano, Domenico Cavallini, Giovanni De Bellis, Maria Paola Bracciale, Anna Candida Felici, Maria Laura Santarelli, Maria Sabrina Sarto, Daniela Uccelletti. Antibacterial Effect of Zinc Oxide-Based Nanomaterials on Environmental Biodeteriogens Affecting Historical Buildings. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10 (2):335.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmily Schifano; Domenico Cavallini; Giovanni De Bellis; Maria Paola Bracciale; Anna Candida Felici; Maria Laura Santarelli; Maria Sabrina Sarto; Daniela Uccelletti. 2020. "Antibacterial Effect of Zinc Oxide-Based Nanomaterials on Environmental Biodeteriogens Affecting Historical Buildings." Nanomaterials 10, no. 2: 335.