Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a wide spectrum of liver damage from the more prevalent (75%–80%) and nonprogressive nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) category to its less common and more ominous subset, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NAFLD is now the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the developed world and is a leading indication for liver transplantation in United States (US). The global prevalence of NAFLD is estimated to be 25%, with the lowest prevalence in Africa (13.5%) and highest in the Middle East (31.8%) and South America (30.4%). The increasing incidence of NAFLD has been associated with the global obesity epidemic and manifestation of metabolic complications, including hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. The rapidly rising healthcare and economic burdens of NAFLD warrant institution of preventative and treatment measures in the high-risk sub-populations in an effort to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with NAFLD. Genetic, demographic, clinical, and environmental factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. While NAFLD has been linked with various genetic variants, including PNPLA-3, TM6SF2, and FDFT1, environmental factors may predispose individuals to NAFLD as well. NAFLD is more common in older age groups and in men. With regards to ethnicity, in the US, Hispanics have the highest prevalence of NAFLD, followed by Caucasians and then African-Americans. NAFLD is frequently associated with the components of metabolic syndrome, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Several studies have shown that the adoption of a healthy lifestyle, weight loss, and pro-active management of individual components of metabolic syndrome can help to prevent, retard or reverse NAFLD-related liver damage. Independently, NAFLD increases the risk of premature cardiovascular disease and associated mortality. For this reason, a case can be made for screening of NAFLD to facilitate early diagnosis and to prevent the hepatic and extra-hepatic complications in high risk sub-populations with morbid obesity, diabetes, and other metabolic risk factors.

Background: Atopic dermatitis is a common chronic skin disease that can occur in pregnancy. Current treatments include topical and systemic glucocorticoids and cyclosporine. Presently, the only biologic approved for atopic dermatitis is dupilumab with limited data available regarding its safety profile in pregnancy. Case presentation: We report a case of severe atopic dermatitis treated safely with dupilumab with no adverse maternal or fetal outcomes and resolution of atopic dermatitis postpartum in the absence of maintenance dupilumab therapy. Conclusion: Here we demonstrate the safe use of dupilumab in pregnancy. Further research is needed to elucidate the role of dupilumab in the management of atopic dermatitis during pregnancy.

Atopic dermatitis accounts for most cases of gestational dermatoses. The rising prevalence of atopic dermatitis poses a significant health and economic burden. Current treatments include topical and systemic glucocorticoids and cyclosporine. Presently, the only biologic approved for atopic dermatitis is dupilumab with limited data available regarding its safety profile in pregnancy. We report a case of severe atopic dermatitis treated safely with dupilumab with no adverse maternal or fetal outcomes and resolution of atopic dermatitis postpartum in the absence of maintenance dupilumab therapy. Further research is needed to elucidate the role of dupilumab in the management of atopic dermatitis during pregnancy.