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Dr. Alberto Maria Gambelli
University of Perugia, Engineering Department, Via G. Duranti 67, 06125, Perugia; Italy

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Journal article
Published: 27 June 2021 in Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification
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To make natural gas hydrate an energy source available for large-scale applications, some issues must be solved; amongst them, the low kinetic characterizing the process and re-formation of methane hydrate are the most significant. In this paper methane and carbon dioxide hydrate formation was tested in presence of a natural silica-based porous sand, with the aim of define the most useful pressure value for carbon dioxide injection into reservoirs in order to apply replacement strategies via depressurization. A direct comparison between CO2 hydrate formation tests starting respectively from 30 bar and 40 bar, revealed that this latter solution represents the most effective solution. While moles of CO2 involved into hydrate and, more in general, moles of CO2 permanently stored, are similar in both typologies of tests, the time necessary to complete the formation process was drastically lower in tests started from 40 bar. Moreover, a lower pressure drop would be required. The more effective kinetic of the process and the negligible risk of methane hydrate re-formation verified during experiments, allowed to consider the CO2 injection into the reservoir at 40 bar the best solution to optimize methane recovery, carbon dioxide storage and seafloor deformations due to the reservoir exploitation.

ACS Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli. Analyses on CH4 and CO2 hydrate formation to define the optimal pressure for CO2 injection to maximize the replacement efficiency into natural gas hydrate in presence of a silica-based natural porous medium, via depressurization techniques. Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification 2021, 167, 108512 .

AMA Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli. Analyses on CH4 and CO2 hydrate formation to define the optimal pressure for CO2 injection to maximize the replacement efficiency into natural gas hydrate in presence of a silica-based natural porous medium, via depressurization techniques. Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification. 2021; 167 ():108512.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli. 2021. "Analyses on CH4 and CO2 hydrate formation to define the optimal pressure for CO2 injection to maximize the replacement efficiency into natural gas hydrate in presence of a silica-based natural porous medium, via depressurization techniques." Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification 167, no. : 108512.

Journal article
Published: 08 June 2021 in Chemical Engineering Journal
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Methane hydrates were formed and then dissociated in presence of fresh water and a pure quartz porous medium, by using a small-scale experimental apparatus, appositely designed for those experiments. The most significant phases describing the process, or nucleation, massive growth and dissociation, were characterized both thermodynamically and kinetically. Methane hydrate equilibrium was defined in presence of such porous medium and the hydrate formation rate was calculated for kinetic considerations. To do this, the Labile Clusters Theory was considered and, according to it, hydrate formation was considered a first-order chemical kinetic equation for the time dependence. Finally, pressure variation over time was discussed. The comparison between trend assumed by those parameters revealed consistent and visible similarities, which allowed to a very deepened characterization about all three phases making up the whole process.

ACS Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli; Federico Rossi. Thermodynamic and kinetic characterization of methane hydrate ‘nucleation, growth and dissociation processes, according to the Labile Cluster Theory. Chemical Engineering Journal 2021, 130706 .

AMA Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli, Federico Rossi. Thermodynamic and kinetic characterization of methane hydrate ‘nucleation, growth and dissociation processes, according to the Labile Cluster Theory. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2021; ():130706.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli; Federico Rossi. 2021. "Thermodynamic and kinetic characterization of methane hydrate ‘nucleation, growth and dissociation processes, according to the Labile Cluster Theory." Chemical Engineering Journal , no. : 130706.

Journal article
Published: 24 May 2021 in Chemical Engineering Research and Design
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The present work deals with an experimental investigation on methane hydrate and carbon dioxide hydrate formation in presence of two different types of sand, which acted as seabed simulators. The first typology of sand consists in pure quartz and is commonly used for laboratory experiments on gas hydrate. The other type is named TS-2 and originated from the Tunisian seabed of the Mediterranean Sea. It is silica-based (≈99%), however it also contains other elements and its grains have different shape, size and porosity. Experiments were carried out in order to verify if the specific characteristic of the seabed, in which the hydrate reservoir is present, may intervene or not on the CO2/CH4 replacement process and if such contribution may improve or reduce the process efficiency. Results proved that physical and chemical properties of materials which composed the seabed, may strongly intervene on the replacement process. In particular, experiments revealed that sand TS-2 acted as kinetic and thermodynamic inhibitor for methane hydrate formation, while it promoted CO2 hydrate formation under the kinetic point of view. In this sense, sand TS-2 represents a strong ally for improving the replacement efficiency, due to its capability to both improving the kinetic of the process and reducing the methane hydrate re-formation phenomena. The present study revealed that, with a simple analysis of properties of sediments containing hydrate reservoirs, it would be possible to establish the convenience of intervening with a replacement strategy instead of a classical application for simple methane recovery.

ACS Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli; Federico Rossi. Experimental investigation on the possibility of defining the feasibility of CO2/CH4 exchange into a natural gas hydrate marine reservoir via fast analysis of sediment properties. Chemical Engineering Research and Design 2021, 171, 327 -339.

AMA Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli, Federico Rossi. Experimental investigation on the possibility of defining the feasibility of CO2/CH4 exchange into a natural gas hydrate marine reservoir via fast analysis of sediment properties. Chemical Engineering Research and Design. 2021; 171 ():327-339.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli; Federico Rossi. 2021. "Experimental investigation on the possibility of defining the feasibility of CO2/CH4 exchange into a natural gas hydrate marine reservoir via fast analysis of sediment properties." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 171, no. : 327-339.

Journal article
Published: 18 May 2021 in Energies
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Retro-reflectivity is a promising surface capability, which has attracted the interest of researchers for building applications in order to counteract Urban Heat Island (UHI) effects. This work aims at studying the impact of the substrate material on the optic performance of retro-reflective (RR) coatings. Three types of substrate materials were investigated: smooth pine wood panels, rough plywood panels, and smooth acetate sheets. The RR coating samples were made by firstly adding a high reflective white paint onto the substrate material and a homogeneous RR glass beads layer on the top. As a reference case, also diffusive samples, without RR beads, were developed. Samples have been tested through a spectrophotometric and an angular reflectivity analysis. Results show that, despite a lower global reflectance of the RR samples with respect to the diffusive ones, the glass beads coating provides a good retro-reflective capability to all the diffusive samples. Additionally, the roughest RR sample exhibited the highest RR capability of up to 16%, with respect to the other smoother samples. Future developments may involve the optimum design of RR coatings, in terms of their optic performance by varying the substrate materials and roughness, the glass beads density and dimension.

ACS Style

Alessia Di Giuseppe; Marta Cardinali; Beatrice Castellani; Mirko Filipponi; Alberto Gambelli; Lucio Postrioti; Andrea Nicolini; Federico Rossi. The Effect of the Substrate on the Optic Performance of Retro-Reflective Coatings: An In-Lab Investigation. Energies 2021, 14, 2921 .

AMA Style

Alessia Di Giuseppe, Marta Cardinali, Beatrice Castellani, Mirko Filipponi, Alberto Gambelli, Lucio Postrioti, Andrea Nicolini, Federico Rossi. The Effect of the Substrate on the Optic Performance of Retro-Reflective Coatings: An In-Lab Investigation. Energies. 2021; 14 (10):2921.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alessia Di Giuseppe; Marta Cardinali; Beatrice Castellani; Mirko Filipponi; Alberto Gambelli; Lucio Postrioti; Andrea Nicolini; Federico Rossi. 2021. "The Effect of the Substrate on the Optic Performance of Retro-Reflective Coatings: An In-Lab Investigation." Energies 14, no. 10: 2921.

Journal article
Published: 17 May 2021 in Sustainability
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Wine production is a key sector for the Italian economy, representing 13 billion euros per year. The proportion of the market raises concerns about improving the production technology at low cost, safe practices, and low environmental impacts. The recurrent life cycle assessment performed does not report on the impacts of frost protection. This study presents the potential environmental impact of a novel late frost protection technique for vineyards that is currently under development. It consists of an organic coating made of sugar and straw to prevent vine damage due to frosts in vineyards in the coldest hours of late winter and early spring. From previous research at the University of Perugia (Italy), the technique has proven to be an effective protection method for vine shoots. Currently, the yields are protected by highly energy-demanding methods. For this study, we simulated two different scenarios of frosting protection so we could point out possible hotspots for the field application of the novel method and compare it to a technique usually employed in central Italy. Under the Centrum voor Milieukunde Leiden (CML) method, the cotton candy technique is estimated at 316 kg CO2 equivalent emissions for hectare. Employing the organic sugar-coating means avoiding 69,375 kg of CO2 eq. compared to the traditional technique of oak wood-burning into the vineyard. Preliminary cost analysis demonstrated the economic viability of implementing the organic coating.

ACS Style

Fabiana Frota De Albuquerque Landi; Alessia Di Giuseppe; Alberto Gambelli; Alberto Palliotti; Andrea Nicolini; Anna Pisello; Federico Rossi. Life Cycle Assessment of an Innovative Technology against Late Frosts in Vineyard. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5562 .

AMA Style

Fabiana Frota De Albuquerque Landi, Alessia Di Giuseppe, Alberto Gambelli, Alberto Palliotti, Andrea Nicolini, Anna Pisello, Federico Rossi. Life Cycle Assessment of an Innovative Technology against Late Frosts in Vineyard. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (10):5562.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fabiana Frota De Albuquerque Landi; Alessia Di Giuseppe; Alberto Gambelli; Alberto Palliotti; Andrea Nicolini; Anna Pisello; Federico Rossi. 2021. "Life Cycle Assessment of an Innovative Technology against Late Frosts in Vineyard." Sustainability 13, no. 10: 5562.

3rd cajg 2020
Published: 10 May 2021 in Arabian Journal of Geosciences
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In both natural gas and petroleum reservoirs, the extracted gas is not only composed of methane: a variable and significant quantity of other compounds, such as different hydrocarbons (ethane, butane, pentane, propane, etc.), inert gas (nitrogen), and toxic and corrosive molecules (i.e., carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide), are present. In order to reach commercial specifications, natural gas has to be treated, in particular for reaching the minimum gross calorific value required and decreasing CO2 and H2S presence under the respective tolerance values. To do this, several different treatments are commonly applied, like inlet separation, sweetening, mercury removal, dehydration, liquid recovery, and, finally, compression for its transportation. Considering the growing demand and the necessity of exploiting also lower quality natural gas reservoirs, in the present paper, an original solution, for performing a gas treatment, is proposed and analyzed. It consists of promoting hydrates formation for both different compounds separation and gas storage. The greatest part of chemicals commonly present in natural gas is capable to form hydrates, but at different thermodynamic conditions than others. Parameters such as the typology of stored compound and the formation process efficiency are mainly related to partial pressure of each element. Here, the present strategy has been explored and the results achievable were shown. In particular, different possible natural gas compositions were taken into account and specifications required for gas commercialization were considered target of the process. Results led to different possibilities of raw gas treatment: in some cases, gas separation led to contemporary CH4 storage into hydrate structures, while, in the presence of different mixture compositions, contaminants were trapped into water cages and methane (and, eventually, other hydrocarbon compounds) remained in the gas phase.

ACS Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli; Federico Rossi. Hydrate formation as a method for natural gas separation into single compounds: a brief analysis of the process potential. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 2021, 14, 1 -17.

AMA Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli, Federico Rossi. Hydrate formation as a method for natural gas separation into single compounds: a brief analysis of the process potential. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 2021; 14 (10):1-17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli; Federico Rossi. 2021. "Hydrate formation as a method for natural gas separation into single compounds: a brief analysis of the process potential." Arabian Journal of Geosciences 14, no. 10: 1-17.

Review
Published: 05 May 2021 in Fluid Phase Equilibria
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The present review proposes itself to be a collection of decades of literature data about flue-gas usage for gas hydrate production; the results reported here may promote future research on this still quite unexplored field. This paper will put on evidence the main features and advantages associated to the use of these mixtures in the aforementioned application. For instance, it emerges that flue-gas mixtures may address some critical challenges which currently make hydrate exploitation often unfeasible for large-scale industrial applications: they may contribute to solve some important issues related to CO2 usage in replacement processes. Among them, we highlight the presence of a narrow region between the equilibrium curves of methane and carbon dioxide and costs associated to the production of pure CO2. After a brief introduction, a description about common flue-gas composition was provided in Chapter 2; Chapter 3 then proposes a collection of phase boundary equilibrium values for binary CO2/N2 mixtures, both in presence and in absence of chemical additives used to promote or inhibit hydrate formation. Hydrate formation with flue-gas was then investigated in Chapter 4 to 7 for several different applications: carbon dioxide separation, selective recovery of main components in natural gas mixtures, storage of CO2 and methane recovery; this final one has been explained with the support of two further tables of literature data about CH4/CO2 and CH4/N2 equilibria.

ACS Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli; Andrea Presciutti; Federico Rossi. Review on the characteristics and advantages related to the use of flue-gas as CO2/N2 mixture for gas hydrate production. Fluid Phase Equilibria 2021, 541, 113077 .

AMA Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli, Andrea Presciutti, Federico Rossi. Review on the characteristics and advantages related to the use of flue-gas as CO2/N2 mixture for gas hydrate production. Fluid Phase Equilibria. 2021; 541 ():113077.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli; Andrea Presciutti; Federico Rossi. 2021. "Review on the characteristics and advantages related to the use of flue-gas as CO2/N2 mixture for gas hydrate production." Fluid Phase Equilibria 541, no. : 113077.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2021 in Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering
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Methane replacement with carbon dioxide molecules in natural gas hydrate reservoirs mainly occurs in two different methods. The first is based on initial CH4 hydrate dissociation and a following CO2 hydrate formation, with all related problems for sediment deformation and so on. With the second method, the direct CO2/CH4 exchange occurs in already present cages, thus avoiding environmental problems and ensuring an exchange ratio close to 1. Because of practical difficulties in perfectly applying the second method, the initial methane release may produce a binary gaseous phase over the hydrate sediment, whose concentration may affect hydrate formation, till favouring CH4 hydrate re-formation rather than CO2 hydrate formation. The present experimental work analysed such aspect, by showing how that concentration may modify the formation trend, mainly in terms of carbon dioxide storage, and also proving the importance of thermodynamic conditions in this sense.

ACS Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli; Mirko Filipponi; Federico Rossi. How methane release may affect carbon dioxide storage during replacement processes in natural gas hydrate reservoirs. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 2021, 205, 108895 .

AMA Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli, Mirko Filipponi, Federico Rossi. How methane release may affect carbon dioxide storage during replacement processes in natural gas hydrate reservoirs. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering. 2021; 205 ():108895.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli; Mirko Filipponi; Federico Rossi. 2021. "How methane release may affect carbon dioxide storage during replacement processes in natural gas hydrate reservoirs." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 205, no. : 108895.

Journal article
Published: 05 January 2021 in Chemical Engineering Science
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In this paper, the possibility of injecting CO2 into a hydrate reservoir, with the only aim of preventing methane release was investigated. Pure methane hydrates were formed and then partially dissociated, due to a provoked temperature increase of 2 °C. The same procedure was applied to a system composed by a core of CH4 hydrates and an external shell made with CO2 hydrates. In tests with only methane hydrate, that temperature increase caused partial hydrate dissociation, with a consequent increase in pressure about 7.81–8.42 bar. In presence of CO2 hydrate, the same temperature increase did not cause any dissociation, even if the new established condition were not suitable for CH4 hydrates stability. Results proved that CO2 is capable to form a strong hydrate shell around the methane core, which hinders its dissociation. Two positive contributions were reached: CO2 permanent storage and the prevention of CH4 release in the atmosphere.

ACS Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli. An experimental description of the double positive effect of CO2 injection in methane hydrate deposits in terms of climate change mitigation. Chemical Engineering Science 2021, 233, 116430 .

AMA Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli. An experimental description of the double positive effect of CO2 injection in methane hydrate deposits in terms of climate change mitigation. Chemical Engineering Science. 2021; 233 ():116430.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli. 2021. "An experimental description of the double positive effect of CO2 injection in methane hydrate deposits in terms of climate change mitigation." Chemical Engineering Science 233, no. : 116430.

Conference paper
Published: 22 October 2020 in E3S Web of Conferences
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Nowadays natural gas hydrates represent a promising opportunity for counteracting several crucial issues of the 21th century. They are a valid answer to the continuously increasing energy demand, moved by the global population growth; moreover, considering their conformation and the possibility of using them for carbon dioxide permanently storage, gas hydrates may become a carbon neutral energy source, where for each methane molecule recovered, another carbon dioxide molecule is entrapped in solid form. Considering that the combustion of one methane molecule for energy production leads to the formation of one CO2 molecule, the hydrates exploitation can be considered a clean process in terms of impact on the climate change. This work shows how the presence of sodium chloride affects the CO2/CH4 replacement process into a gas hydrates reservoir. Replacement experimental results carried out in pure demineralised water were compared with the same values performed in a mixture of water and salt, having a concentration of 37 g/l. Some parameters of interest were discussed, such us methane hydrates formed before the replacement process, total amount of hydrates (composed by both species) reached at the end of the whole process, CO2 moles that formed hydrate, quantity of hydrate present before the replacement process which were actually involved in the CO2/CH4 exchange and carbon dioxide amount which led to the formation of new hydrates structures.

ACS Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli; Beatrice Castellani; Mirko Filipponi; Andrea Nicolini; Federico Rossi. Experimental analysis of the CO2/CH4 Replacement Efficiency due to Sodium Chloride Presence in Natural Gas Hydrates Reservoirs. E3S Web of Conferences 2020, 197, 08008 .

AMA Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli, Beatrice Castellani, Mirko Filipponi, Andrea Nicolini, Federico Rossi. Experimental analysis of the CO2/CH4 Replacement Efficiency due to Sodium Chloride Presence in Natural Gas Hydrates Reservoirs. E3S Web of Conferences. 2020; 197 ():08008.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli; Beatrice Castellani; Mirko Filipponi; Andrea Nicolini; Federico Rossi. 2020. "Experimental analysis of the CO2/CH4 Replacement Efficiency due to Sodium Chloride Presence in Natural Gas Hydrates Reservoirs." E3S Web of Conferences 197, no. : 08008.

Journal article
Published: 16 October 2020 in Processes
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Natural gas hydrates represent a valid opportunity to counteract two of the most serious issues that are affecting humanity this century: climate change and the need for new energy sources, due to the fast and constant increase in the population worldwide. The energy that might be produced with methane contained in hydrates is greater than any amount of energy producible with known conventional energy sources; being widespread in all oceans, they would greatly reduce problems and conflicts associated with the monopoly of energy sources. The possibility of extracting methane and simultaneously performing the permanent storage of carbon dioxide makes hydrate an almost carbon-neutral energy source. The main topic of scientific research is to improve the recovery of technologies and guest species replacement strategies in order to make the use of gas hydrates economically advantageous. In the present paper, an experimental study on how salt can alter the formation process of both methane and carbon dioxide hydrate was carried out. The pressure–temperature conditions existing between the two respective equilibrium curves are directly proportional to the effectiveness of the replacement process and thus its feasibility. Eighteen formation tests were realized at three different salinity values: 0, 30 and 37 g/L. Results show that, as the salinity degree increases, the space between CO2 and CH4 formation curves grows. A further aspect highlighted by the tests is how the carbon dioxide formation process tends to assume a very similar trend in all experiments, while curves obtained during methane tests show a similar trend but with some significant differences. Moreover, this tendency became more pronounced with the increase in the salinity degree.

ACS Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli; Beatrice Castellani; Andrea Nicolini; Federico Rossi. Water Salinity as Potential Aid for Improving the Carbon Dioxide Replacement Process’ Effectiveness in Natural Gas Hydrate Reservoirs. Processes 2020, 8, 1298 .

AMA Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli, Beatrice Castellani, Andrea Nicolini, Federico Rossi. Water Salinity as Potential Aid for Improving the Carbon Dioxide Replacement Process’ Effectiveness in Natural Gas Hydrate Reservoirs. Processes. 2020; 8 (10):1298.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli; Beatrice Castellani; Andrea Nicolini; Federico Rossi. 2020. "Water Salinity as Potential Aid for Improving the Carbon Dioxide Replacement Process’ Effectiveness in Natural Gas Hydrate Reservoirs." Processes 8, no. 10: 1298.

2nd cajg 2019
Published: 03 September 2020 in Arabian Journal of Geosciences
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Natural gas hydrates represent a valid opportunity in terms of energy supplying, carbon dioxide permanent storage and climate change contrast. Research is more and more involved in performing CO2 replacement competitive strategies. In this context, the inhibitor effect of sodium chloride on hydrate formation and stability needs to be investigated in depth. The present work analyses how NaCl intervenes on CO2 hydrate formation, comparing results with the same typology of tests carried out with methane, in order to highlight the influence that salt produced on hydrate equilibrium conditions and possibilities which arise from here for improving the replacement process efficiency. Sodium chloride influence was then tested on five CO2/CH4 replacement tests, carried out via depressurization. In relation with the same typology of tests, realised in pure demineralised water and available elsewhere in literature, three main differences were found. Before the replacement phase, CH4 hydrate formation was particularly contained; moles of methane involved were in the range 0.059–0.103 mol. On the contrary, carbon dioxide moles entrapped into water cages were 0.085–0.206 mol or a significantly higher quantity. That may be justified by the greater presence of space and free water due to the lower CH4 hydrate formation, which led to a more massive new hydrate structure formation. Moreover, only a small part of methane moles remained entrapped into hydrates after the replacement phase (in the range of 0.023–0.042 mol), proving that, in presence of sodium chloride, CO2/CH4 exchange interested the greater part of hydrates. Thus, the possibility to conclude that sodium chloride presence during the CO2 replacement process provided positive and encouraging results in terms of methane recovery, carbon dioxide permanent storage and, consequently, replacement process efficiency.

ACS Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli; Federico Rossi. The use of sodium chloride as strategy for improving CO2/CH4 replacement in natural gas hydrates promoted with depressurization methods. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 2020, 13, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli, Federico Rossi. The use of sodium chloride as strategy for improving CO2/CH4 replacement in natural gas hydrates promoted with depressurization methods. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 2020; 13 (18):1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli; Federico Rossi. 2020. "The use of sodium chloride as strategy for improving CO2/CH4 replacement in natural gas hydrates promoted with depressurization methods." Arabian Journal of Geosciences 13, no. 18: 1-10.

Journal article
Published: 04 August 2020 in Sustainability
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Late frosts are one of the major impact factors on agriculture worldwide with large economic losses for agricultural crops, with a significant impact also in wine production. Given the importance of the wine sector in the world, more and more efforts are being made to identify innovative techniques capable of creating a low-cost and effective protection for vine shoots, as well as reducing energy consumption. In a previous work, cotton candy was identified as an insulating material to solve the problems related to late frosts on vineyards and limit its damages as much as possible. From the results of the previous research, it has proved that cotton candy is an excellent thermal insulator, but it degrades quickly in windy conditions. Thus, climatic tests carried out in windy condition showed that straw can greatly slow down the degradation of cotton candy over time, giving an indirect contribution to the protective effectiveness of cotton candy. In addition, several tests were conducted with different amounts of sugar and straw without wind to evaluate whether the straw can itself make a contribution in terms of thermal insulation, as well as contribute to the protective effectiveness of cotton candy, minimizing energy use as well.

ACS Style

Alessia Di Giuseppe; Alberto Gambelli; Federico Rossi; Andrea Nicolini; Nicola Ceccarelli; Alberto Palliotti. Insulating Organic Material as a Protection System against Late Frost Damages on the Vine Shoots. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6279 .

AMA Style

Alessia Di Giuseppe, Alberto Gambelli, Federico Rossi, Andrea Nicolini, Nicola Ceccarelli, Alberto Palliotti. Insulating Organic Material as a Protection System against Late Frost Damages on the Vine Shoots. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (15):6279.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alessia Di Giuseppe; Alberto Gambelli; Federico Rossi; Andrea Nicolini; Nicola Ceccarelli; Alberto Palliotti. 2020. "Insulating Organic Material as a Protection System against Late Frost Damages on the Vine Shoots." Sustainability 12, no. 15: 6279.

Journal article
Published: 04 March 2020 in Building and Environment
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This paper presents the results of the characterization of new retroreflective (RR) plasters for outdoor applications. The paint was obtained through deposition of four different types of RR microspheres on a traditional plaster for exterior applications. The plasters were characterized through a spectrophotometric, directional and colorimetric analysis. All the types of microspheres provide strong RR behavior for incident light directions from 0° to 60° with respect to the surface normal. However, the aluminum coating, with and without fluoropolymer coating, affects negatively the global reflectance and change completely the tiles’ original color, making the application of the aluminum RR tiles very limited. Glass and barium microspheres instead improve the optic properties of the original plaster, with negligible effects on the color. An analytic model was used to evaluate the amount of energy that is reflected beyond the canyon by the RR materials. It was found that at 42°N latitude, the best performing configurations are the combination of RR façade and RR pavement, for glass spheres. Two full-scale vertical surfaces, covered with RR plaster with glass microspheres and diffusive plaster respectively, were developed to investigate the visual comfort of pedestrians, in particular glare. Results show that the Daily Glare Probability (DGP) and superficial temperature for the RR wall is always lower than those for the diffusive wall.

ACS Style

Beatrice Castellani; Alberto Maria Gambelli; Andrea Nicolini; Federico Rossi. Optic-energy and visual comfort analysis of retro-reflective building plasters. Building and Environment 2020, 174, 106781 .

AMA Style

Beatrice Castellani, Alberto Maria Gambelli, Andrea Nicolini, Federico Rossi. Optic-energy and visual comfort analysis of retro-reflective building plasters. Building and Environment. 2020; 174 ():106781.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Beatrice Castellani; Alberto Maria Gambelli; Andrea Nicolini; Federico Rossi. 2020. "Optic-energy and visual comfort analysis of retro-reflective building plasters." Building and Environment 174, no. : 106781.

Journal article
Published: 05 September 2019 in Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering
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Separation of the components of gas mixtures is a critical problem. We considered the possibility of using the hydrate formation process to separate species contained in gas mixtures. We applied this strategy to mixtures of CH4 / CO2 produced through the Sabatier process. Both species tend to form hydrates, but through different conditions. The results reported here show that, depending on the methanation efficiency, three different hydrate formation results are possible. If the efficiency is in the range from 0.00 to 0.69, the formation mainly involves CO2. For values ranging from 0.90 to 1.00, the opposite occurs and methane can be stored as solid form. For efficiency values ranging from 0.70 to 0.89, the formation conditions of both species are very similar and therefore the method cannot give rise to CH4 / CO2 separation.

ACS Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli; Beatrice Castellani; Andrea Nicolini; Federico Rossi. Gas hydrate formation as a strategy for CH4/CO2 separation: Experimental study on gaseous mixtures produced via Sabatier reaction. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering 2019, 71, 102985 .

AMA Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli, Beatrice Castellani, Andrea Nicolini, Federico Rossi. Gas hydrate formation as a strategy for CH4/CO2 separation: Experimental study on gaseous mixtures produced via Sabatier reaction. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering. 2019; 71 ():102985.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli; Beatrice Castellani; Andrea Nicolini; Federico Rossi. 2019. "Gas hydrate formation as a strategy for CH4/CO2 separation: Experimental study on gaseous mixtures produced via Sabatier reaction." Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering 71, no. : 102985.

Journal article
Published: 05 March 2019 in Energies
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Natural gas hydrates are the largest reservoir of natural gas worldwide. This paper proposes and analyzes the CH4-CO2 replacement in the hydrate phase and pure methane collection through the use of membrane-based separation. The investigation uses a 1 L lab reactor, in which the CH4 hydrates are formed in a quartz sand matrix partially saturated with water. CH4 is subsequently dissociated with a CO2 stream supplied within the sediment inside the reactor. An energy and environmental analysis was carried out to prove the sustainability of the process. Results show that the process energy consumption constitutes 4.75% of the energy stored in the recovered methane. The carbon footprint of the CH4-CO2 exchange process is calculated as a balance of the CO2 produced in the process and the CO2 stored in system. Results provide an estimated negative value, equal to 0.004 moles sequestrated, thus proving the environmental benefit of the exchange process.

ACS Style

Beatrice Castellani; Alberto Maria Gambelli; Andrea Nicolini; Federico Rossi. Energy and Environmental Analysis of Membrane-Based CH4-CO2 Replacement Processes in Natural Gas Hydrates. Energies 2019, 12, 850 .

AMA Style

Beatrice Castellani, Alberto Maria Gambelli, Andrea Nicolini, Federico Rossi. Energy and Environmental Analysis of Membrane-Based CH4-CO2 Replacement Processes in Natural Gas Hydrates. Energies. 2019; 12 (5):850.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Beatrice Castellani; Alberto Maria Gambelli; Andrea Nicolini; Federico Rossi. 2019. "Energy and Environmental Analysis of Membrane-Based CH4-CO2 Replacement Processes in Natural Gas Hydrates." Energies 12, no. 5: 850.

Journal article
Published: 04 March 2019 in Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering
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Aim of this work is locating how CO2 replacement into methane hydrate deposits may be performed, in order to increase both methane recovered and carbon dioxide stored quantities. The experimental section deals with the study of natural gas hydrate formation process and replacement of methane, contained into water cages, with carbon dioxide. In particular, the formation of methane hydrate is analyzed to understand the parameters that most influence the replacement process. A total of 10 tests were carried out in a laboratory scale reactor. Test 1–8 were performed adopting thermal stimulation as replacement technique, while in Test 9 and Test 10 depressurization was used. Results obtained have led to the conclusion that the rate of methane hydrate formation positively influences the percentage of CO2 stored, while the initial saturation of the sand pores has a negative effect. The presence of hydrate agglomerates hinders the gas transition preventing the replacement process. Finally, a greater quantity of CO2 hydrate, both via replacement process and via new hydrate formation, is related to a higher deposit structure preservation. As emerges from the experimental tests, the adopted replacement strategy influences the experimental relationships.

ACS Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli; Beatrice Castellani; Andrea Nicolini; Federico Rossi. Experimental study on natural gas hydrate exploitation: Optimization of methane recovery, carbon dioxide storage and deposit structure preservation. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 2019, 177, 594 -601.

AMA Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli, Beatrice Castellani, Andrea Nicolini, Federico Rossi. Experimental study on natural gas hydrate exploitation: Optimization of methane recovery, carbon dioxide storage and deposit structure preservation. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering. 2019; 177 ():594-601.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli; Beatrice Castellani; Andrea Nicolini; Federico Rossi. 2019. "Experimental study on natural gas hydrate exploitation: Optimization of methane recovery, carbon dioxide storage and deposit structure preservation." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 177, no. : 594-601.

Journal article
Published: 29 January 2019 in Energy
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Natural gas hydrates represent a valid opportunity for the permanent storage of CO2. In this work thermal stimulation technique has been deepened for replacing CH4 with CO2. Using a lab-scale reactor, eight experimental tests were carried out, characterized by two phases. The first one consists in the methane hydrates formation and is the same for all experiments. The second one consists in the replacement process and has been conducted with two different methods. In the first four tests CO2 was first introduced to reach a solid phase of methane hydrates and a gaseous phase composed of both CH4 and CO2; subsequently the temperature was increased. In the other four tests, the first step consisted in increasing temperature and then introducing CO2. In this case, the temperature required to move the thermodynamic conditions from a region suitable for the formation of both CH4 and CO2 hydrate to a region where the formation process can only involve CO2, was achieved without additional thermal energy; in fact, when the CO2 hydrates began to form, an immediate and massive release of heat took place. The results show that the methane yield and the amount of CO2 that can be stored do not differ between the two types of tests, but the thermal energy required to complete the process is much lower in the tests conducted with the second method.

ACS Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli; Federico Rossi. Natural gas hydrates: Comparison between two different applications of thermal stimulation for performing CO2 replacement. Energy 2019, 172, 423 -434.

AMA Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli, Federico Rossi. Natural gas hydrates: Comparison between two different applications of thermal stimulation for performing CO2 replacement. Energy. 2019; 172 ():423-434.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alberto Maria Gambelli; Federico Rossi. 2019. "Natural gas hydrates: Comparison between two different applications of thermal stimulation for performing CO2 replacement." Energy 172, no. : 423-434.

Journal article
Published: 16 November 2018 in Applied Thermal Engineering
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Topic of this work is to carry out studies to deepen the knowledge of the CO2-CH4 replacement process, using a laboratory scale apparatus designed to reproduce marine hydrate sediments. Nine tests were performed, at three different hydrate saturation levels: 10, 20 and 30%. Temperature profiles over time allow to determine the spatial distribution of the formed hydrates in the sediment. At 10% and 20 % hydrates saturation the reaction always starts in the upper part of the reactor, but the massive formation occurred in the lower and the middle area. When saturation reached 30%, reaction heat was mainly produced in the upper part of the reactor. Three CO2-CH4 replacement tests were carried out at 10 % hydrate saturation. During the tests both temperature and pressure were modified to cause the CH4 hydrates dissociation and the CO2 hydrates formation. At the end of the replacement process, CO2 stored was in the range 31-42% of the total CO2 injected, and the exchange efficiency was in the range 1.30-1.45.

ACS Style

Federico Rossi; Alberto Maria Gambelli; Deepak Kumar Sharma; Beatrice Castellani; Andrea Nicolini; Marco Castaldi. Experiments on methane hydrates formation in seabed deposits and gas recovery adopting carbon dioxide replacement strategies. Applied Thermal Engineering 2018, 148, 371 -381.

AMA Style

Federico Rossi, Alberto Maria Gambelli, Deepak Kumar Sharma, Beatrice Castellani, Andrea Nicolini, Marco Castaldi. Experiments on methane hydrates formation in seabed deposits and gas recovery adopting carbon dioxide replacement strategies. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2018; 148 ():371-381.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Federico Rossi; Alberto Maria Gambelli; Deepak Kumar Sharma; Beatrice Castellani; Andrea Nicolini; Marco Castaldi. 2018. "Experiments on methane hydrates formation in seabed deposits and gas recovery adopting carbon dioxide replacement strategies." Applied Thermal Engineering 148, no. : 371-381.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2018 in Energy Procedia
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CH4 hydrates could represent a sustainable energy source by coupling their extraction to a CO2 replacement process. This permits a permanent CO2 storage in a solid phase and the reduction of the seabed modification due to the CH4 extraction. Promising methodologies for CO2 replacement are depressurization, thermal stimulation (or a combination of both), or the use of chemical inhibitors. We have taken into account thermal stimulation. The CH4 hydrates were formed with a pore saturation of 10%, whereas different concentration of gaseous CO2 were fluxed inside the reactor. In a first set of experiments, the CO2 concentration was fixed at values never higher than 15%, while in a second set the gaseous CO2/CH4 ratio was inverted. Two tests for each condition were performed. In all tests, the temperature was increased at the end, to improve the replacement process. Results demonstrated that the CO2 fluxed leads to hydrates formation and, at the same time, hinder the CH4 hydrates dissociation. Two parameters were evaluated: i) the ratio between the stored CO2 and the amount of CO2 injected (ηcapture), ii) the ratio between both CO2 and CH4 hydrates moles after the replacement process, and the CH4 hydrates moles before the replacement (ηentrapped). The assumed ηcapture value are 0.42 and 0.44 in the first conditions, and 0.27 and 0.28 in the second one. By contrast, the second parameter shows an opposite behavior, being the two values 0.13 for the first conditions and 0.27 and 0.74 respectively for the second ones. This could be explained by the fact that injection of higher quantity of CO2 produces a greater thickness of CO2 hydrates in the external parts of pores, which prevent the CH4 to flowing

ACS Style

Gambelli Alberto Maria. Natural gas recovery from hydrate compounds using CO2 replacement strategies: experimental study on thermal stimulation. Energy Procedia 2018, 148, 647 -654.

AMA Style

Gambelli Alberto Maria. Natural gas recovery from hydrate compounds using CO2 replacement strategies: experimental study on thermal stimulation. Energy Procedia. 2018; 148 ():647-654.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gambelli Alberto Maria. 2018. "Natural gas recovery from hydrate compounds using CO2 replacement strategies: experimental study on thermal stimulation." Energy Procedia 148, no. : 647-654.