The effect of tandem spacing on the flow-induced motions (FIM) of two circular cylinders with passive turbulence control is investigated using two-dimensional (2D) unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with the Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model. Results are compared to experiments in the range of Reynolds number of 30,000 < Re < 100,000. The center-to-center spacing between the two cylinders is varied from 2 to 6 diameters. Simulation results predict well all the ranges of FIM including vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) and galloping and match well with experimental measurements. For the upstream cylinder, the amplitude and frequency responses are not considerably influenced by the downstream cylinder when the spacing is greater than 2D. For the downstream cylinder, a rising amplitude trend in the VIV upper-branch can be observed in all the cases as is typical of flows in the TrSL3 flow regime (transition in shear layer 3; 2 × 10⁴< Re < 3 × 10⁵). The galloping branch merges with the VIV upper-branch for spacing greater than three-dimensional (3D). Vortex structures show significant variation in different flow regimes in accordance with experimental observations. High-resolution postprocessing shows that the interaction between the wakes of cylinders results in various types of FIM.

Molecular insight into the formation and distribution of adsorption clusters is presented.