Malaria and dengue fever are the leading causes of acute, undifferentiated febrile illness. In Africa, misdiagnosis of dengue fever as malaria is a common scenario. Through a systematic review of the published literature, this study seeks to estimate the prevalence of dengue and malaria coinfection among acute undifferentiated febrile diseases in Africa. Relevant publications were systematically searched in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar until May 19, 2023. A random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression were used to summarize and examine the prevalence estimates. Twenty-two studies with 22,803 acute undifferentiated febrile patients from 10 countries in Africa were included. The meta-analysis findings revealed a pooled prevalence of malaria and dengue coinfection of 4.2%, with Central Africa having the highest rate (4.7%), followed by East Africa (2.7%) and West Africa (1.6%). Continent-wide, Plasmodium falciparum and acute dengue virus coinfection prevalence increased significantly from 0.9% during 2008–2013 to 3.8% during 2014–2017 and to 5.5% during 2018–2021 (p = 0.0414). There was a high and increasing prevalence of malaria and acute dengue virus coinfection in Africa. Healthcare workers should bear in mind the possibility of dengue infection as a differential diagnosis for acute febrile illness, as well as the possibility of coexisting malaria and dengue in endemic areas. In addition, high-quality multicentre studies are required to verify the above conclusions. Protocol registration number: CRD42022311301.

HIV-positive individuals are at higher risk of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization and its related infection. There is limited data in the nation on the prevalence and risk factors of MRSA colonization among HIV patients. The aim of this study was to address the existing knowledge gap. Cross sectional study was carried out from September 2014 to February 2015 in three selected health centers and one general hospital. A standardized questionnaire was developed for collection of socio-demographic and clinical data. A total of 498 Nasal and throat swabs (two for each patient) were collected from 249 patients, transported and processed using standard bacteriological procedures. Data was analyzed using Chi square (X2) test and associated risk factors were determined. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Out of 249 study participants, S. aureus was isolated from 81 (32.5 %) patients, with MRSA colonization rate of 6 (2.4 %). MRSA isolates were resistant to Ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (16.7 % each), clindamycin (33.3 %) and erythromycin (50 %). However, all MRSA isolates were 100 % sensitive to Amikacin. History of hospitalization, percutaneous device usage, patients with a household member’s hospitalization and low CD4 count (<200 cells/mm3) were significantly associated with S. aureus colonization (p < 0.05).

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a major cause of morbidity in Somaliland. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with traffic-related incidents in Hargeisa city. A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and March 2022, utilizing a mixed approach involving quantitative and qualitative research approaches. Key informant interviews were conducted with 15 government officials, and structured questionnaires were administered to 387 drivers. Cluster sampling and purposive sampling were employed to select drivers and government officials, respectively. Data collection was performed using the Kobo Collect application, followed by cleaning and analysis using IBM SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics, binary logistic regression, and chi-square tests were utilized for data analysis. The findings revealed an increasing trend of RTAs in Somaliland over the past 11 years (2011–2021). Moreover, the prevalence of RTAs in the past two years alone was determined to be 28.17% (CI: 23.67, 32.63). Factors significantly associated with RTAs in the research area included the type of vehicle, particularly Minibus (AOR = 3.249, CI: 1.022, 10.322) and Vitz (AOR = 2.325, CI: 1.092, 5.494), encountering aggressive behavior from other drivers (AOR = 1.790, CI: 1.013, 3.162), vehicles less than 4 years (AOR = 0.446, CI: 0.258, 0.771), traffic law violations (AOR = 2.726, CI: 1.296, 5.735), and the presence of traffic campaigns (AOR = 0.465, CI: 0.236, 0.917). The study recommends increasing awareness of RTAs among drivers and pedestrians, regular vehicle maintenance checks, enforcement of traffic laws, and increased police presence in road management to reduce fatalities associated with RTAs.

Hydatidosis is a tapeworm infection caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus species. The organs most frequently affected are the liver and the lungs. Primary involvement of the skeleton is rare. The location of hydatid cysts in the tibia is seldom described in the medical literature, and its diagnosis is challenging and often presenting with a pathologic fracture simulating benign bone cystic lesion. We report a 53-year-old Tigrian woman who developed hydatid disease of the tibia. The diagnosis of primary bone hydatid disease, especially tibial hydatidosis, is difficult and requires high index of suspicion. Hence, orthopedic surgeons should be aware of this disease. Moreover, it should be considered in preoperative differential diagnosis of destructive bone lesions especially in endemic areas.

Background: Dengue is one of the leading causes of morbidity worldwide. Wolbachia- mediated dengue biocontrol has emerged as a novel strategy in recent decades and depends on a lack of Wolbachia in the natural populations of Aedes mosquitoes. Through a systematic review of the published literature, this study sought to estimate the natural occurrence of Wolbachia among field-collected Aedes mosquitoes worldwide. Methods: We conducted hand and systematic searches from PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar for all relevant published articles on Wolbachia infection in Aedes mosquitoes published before September 12, 2024. The prevalence estimates were analysed using a random effects meta-analysis, and a random effects meta-regression was performed to determine sources of heterogeneity in prevalence estimates. Results: Twenty-three studies with 16,997 field-collected Aedes mosquitoes from different countries worldwide were included. The meta-analysis revealed a global pooled prevalence of natural Wolbachia infection in Aedes mosquitoes of 57.7% (95% CI: 41.0–72.8%), which was six times higher in Ae. albopictus than Ae. aegypti (p <0.001) and ranged from 6.0% (95% CI: 2.6–13.1%) in Ae. aegypti to 87.1% (95% CI: 78.0–92.8%) in Ae. albopictus . Continentally, Asia had the highest percentage of Wolbachia infection in Ae. aegypti (7.1%), followed by Europe (5.0%), North America (1.9%), and Africa (0.7%). Similarly, Asia had the highest prevalence of Wolbachia in Ae. albopictus (95.5%), followed by Europe (94.8%), North America (91.6%), South America (85.2%), and Africa (71.6%). Overall, dengue incidence was negatively related to Wolbachia prevalence (B = −0.0006, p = 0.0281). Species wise, infection rates in Ae. aegypti were significantly higher among females than males (OR = 1.72; 95% CI = 1.01, 2.92, p = 0.046), while there was no difference between males and females in Ae. albopictus ( p = 0.098). Furthermore, Wolbachia infection rates in Ae. albopictus were inversely correlated with dengue incidence (β = −0.0013, p <0.01) but not in Ae. aegypti (p = 0.0984). In contrast, higher temperature was negatively associated with Wolbachia prevalence in Ae. aegypti but not in Ae. albopictus . In contrast, higher temperature was negatively associated with Wolbachia prevalence in Ae. aegypti (β = --2.5736, p <0.001) but not in Ae. albopictus (p = 0.7050). Conclusion: Aedes mosquitoes had a high and variable prevalence of naturally occurring Wolbachia , and this was negatively correlated with dengue incidence across countries. While the natural infection of Ae. albopictus is more common, detection in Ae. aegypti may reflect contamination and require high-quality multicentre studies to verify the above findings.