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Malaysia generated 156,665 gigawatt-hours (GWh) of electricity in 2016 of which the biggest share of 48.4% was sourced from coal and coke. Malaysia coal consumption was met by 90.5% of imported coal due to high demand from the power sector. Malaysia also has a vast biomass resource that is currently under-utilised for electricity generation. This paper reviews the potential of oil palm residues and municipal solid waste (MSW) for alternative coal replacement employing hydrothermal treatment (HTT). In 2017, about 51.19 million tonnes (Mt) of oil palm waste was available with 888.33 peta-joule (PJ) energy potential to generate 88.03 terawatt-hours (TWh) electricity from oil palm fronds (OPF) and oil palm trunks (OPT), empty fruit bunch (EFB), mesocarp fibre (MF), palm kernel shell (PKS) and palm oil mill effluent (POME). Meanwhile, the MSW energy potential and electricity generation potential was estimated at 86.50 PJ/year and 8.57 TWh/year, respectively. HTT with washing co-treatment eliminates the use of drying for converting range of biomass and MSW into clean solid fuel known as hydrochar. The hydrochar increased in caloric value with lower moisture, Potassium (K) and Chlorine (Cl) contents. These value-added fuels can be used as coal alternative and reduce dependency on imported coal for energy security in Malaysia.
Norfadhilah Hamzah; Koji Tokimatsu; Kunio Yoshikawa. Solid Fuel from Oil Palm Biomass Residues and Municipal Solid Waste by Hydrothermal Treatment for Electrical Power Generation in Malaysia: A Review. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1060 .
AMA StyleNorfadhilah Hamzah, Koji Tokimatsu, Kunio Yoshikawa. Solid Fuel from Oil Palm Biomass Residues and Municipal Solid Waste by Hydrothermal Treatment for Electrical Power Generation in Malaysia: A Review. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (4):1060.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNorfadhilah Hamzah; Koji Tokimatsu; Kunio Yoshikawa. 2019. "Solid Fuel from Oil Palm Biomass Residues and Municipal Solid Waste by Hydrothermal Treatment for Electrical Power Generation in Malaysia: A Review." Sustainability 11, no. 4: 1060.
There is growing interest for utilization of biomass and waste for the significant environmental benefits, energy security and long-term fuel sustainability. Malaysia has enormous biomass resources that is currently under-utilized for electricity generation. The variation in the chemical composition, moisture and alkali contents across different biomass feedstocks requires pre-treatment to avoid problem during thermochemical conversion processes. On the other hand, the problem associated with municipal solid waste limit the application for useful fuel due to heterogeneous in nature and high moisture content. This paper reviews the prospective waste to energy technologies in Malaysia using hydrothermal treatment for production of solid fuel from biomass and municipal solid waste. The selection of thermochemical conversion technologies will be based on the fieldwork, characterization and laboratory experiments, environmental and economic evaluations. The overall objectives are to enhance the physical and chemical properties of the biomass and waste and to increase the thermal efficiency of power plant as part of nation renewable energy mix to reduce dependency to fossil fuels particularly coal. The effective use of biomass and waste can supply the required fuel for future electricity generation.
Norfadhilah Hamzah; Koji Tokimatsu; Kunio Yoshikawa. Prospective for power generation of solid fuel from hydrothermal treatment of biomass and waste in Malaysia. Energy Procedia 2017, 142, 369 -373.
AMA StyleNorfadhilah Hamzah, Koji Tokimatsu, Kunio Yoshikawa. Prospective for power generation of solid fuel from hydrothermal treatment of biomass and waste in Malaysia. Energy Procedia. 2017; 142 ():369-373.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNorfadhilah Hamzah; Koji Tokimatsu; Kunio Yoshikawa. 2017. "Prospective for power generation of solid fuel from hydrothermal treatment of biomass and waste in Malaysia." Energy Procedia 142, no. : 369-373.
Norfadhilah Hamzah; Mohammad Zandi; Koji Tokimatsu; Kunio Yoshikawa. Woody Biomass Characterization for 100 Megawatt-hours (MW) Power Generation. Energy Procedia 2017, 105, 413 -418.
AMA StyleNorfadhilah Hamzah, Mohammad Zandi, Koji Tokimatsu, Kunio Yoshikawa. Woody Biomass Characterization for 100 Megawatt-hours (MW) Power Generation. Energy Procedia. 2017; 105 ():413-418.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNorfadhilah Hamzah; Mohammad Zandi; Koji Tokimatsu; Kunio Yoshikawa. 2017. "Woody Biomass Characterization for 100 Megawatt-hours (MW) Power Generation." Energy Procedia 105, no. : 413-418.