The recent advancements in Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) transformed the conventional healthcare system into smart healthcare. By incorporating key technologies such as IoT and AI, medical services can be improved. The convergence of IoT and AI offers different opportunities in healthcare sector. In this view, the current research article presents a new AI and IoT convergence-based disease diagnosis model for smart healthcare system. The major goal of this article is to design a disease diagnosis model for heart disease and diabetes using AI and IoT convergence techniques. The presented model encompasses different stages namely, data acquisition, preprocessing, classification, and parameter tuning. IoT devices such as wearables and sensors permit seamless data collection while AI techniques utilize the data in disease diagnosis. The proposed method uses Crow Search Optimization algorithm-based Cascaded Long Short Term Memory (CSO-CLSTM) model for disease diagnosis. In order to achieve better classification of the medical data, CSO is applied to tune both `weights' and `bias' parameters of CLSTM model. Besides, isolation Forest (iForest) technique is employed in this research work to remove the outliers. The application of CSO helps in considerable improvement in the diagnostic outcomes of CLSTM model. The performance of CSO-LSTM model was validated using healthcare data. During the experimentation, the presented CSO-LSTM model accomplished the maximum accuracies of 96.16% and 97.26% in diagnosing heart disease and diabetes respectively. Therefore, the proposed CSO-LSTM model can be employed as an appropriate disease diagnosis tool for smart healthcare systems.

Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) provide an efficient way to diagnose the presence of diseases such as breast cancer using ultrasound images (USIs). Globally, breast cancer is one of the major causes of increased mortality rates among women. Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) models are widely employed in the detection and classification of tumors in USIs. The CAD systems are designed in such a way that they provide recommendations to help radiologists in diagnosing breast tumors and, furthermore, in disease prognosis. The accuracy of the classification process is decided by the quality of images and the radiologist’s experience. The design of Deep Learning (DL) models is found to be effective in the classification of breast cancer. In the current study, an Ensemble Deep-Learning-Enabled Clinical Decision Support System for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Classification (EDLCDS-BCDC) technique was developed using USIs. The proposed EDLCDS-BCDC technique was intended to identify the existence of breast cancer using USIs. In this technique, USIs initially undergo pre-processing through two stages, namely wiener filtering and contrast enhancement. Furthermore, Chaotic Krill Herd Algorithm (CKHA) is applied with Kapur’s entropy (KE) for the image segmentation process. In addition, an ensemble of three deep learning models, VGG-16, VGG-19, and SqueezeNet, is used for feature extraction. Finally, Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO) with the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) model is utilized to classify the images based on whether breast cancer exists or not. A wide range of simulations were carried out on benchmark databases and the extensive results highlight the better outcomes of the proposed EDLCDS-BCDC technique over recent methods.

Energy efficiency is considered the major design issue in wireless sensor networks (WSN), which can be addressed using clustering and routing techniques. They are treated as Non-deterministic Polynomial (NP)-hard optimization problems and are solved using metaheuristic algorithms to identify the optimal or near-optimal solutions. With this motivation, this paper develops a hybridization of the metaheuristic cluster-based routing (HMBCR) technique for WSN. The HMBCR technique initially involves a brainstorm optimization with levy distribution (BSO-LD) based clustering process using a fitness function incorporating four parameters such as energy, distance to neighbors, distance to the base station, and network load. Besides, a water wave optimization with a hill-climbing (WWO-HC) based routing process is carried out for optimal route selection. Extensive experimentation analysis is performed to ensure the energy efficiency and network lifetime performance of the HMBCR technique. The experimental outcome ensured the superior results of the HMBCR technique over the compared methods under different aspects.