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Concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were measured in topsoil samples collected from parks in the cities of Salzburg (Austria), Thessaloniki (Greece), and Belgrade (Serbia) in order to assess the distribution of PTEs in the urban environment, discriminate natural (lithogenic) and anthropogenic contributions, identify possible sources of pollution, and compare levels of pollution between the cities. An assessment of the health risks caused by exposure to PTEs through different pathways was also conducted. The study revealed that, with the exception of Pb in Salzburg, levels of PTEs in the soils in polluted urban parks were higher than in unpolluted ones, but still lower than those recorded in other European soils. Results of sequential analyses showed that Al, Cr, and Ni were found in residual phases, proving their predominantly lithogenic origin and their low mobility. In contrast, the influence of anthropogenic factors on Cu, Pb, and Zn was evident. Site-dependent variations showed that the highest concentrations of As, Cu, Pb, and Zn of anthropogenic origin were recorded in Salzburg, while the highest levels of Al, Cr, and Ni of lithogenic origin were recorded in Belgrade and Thessaloniki, which reflects the specificity of the geological substrates. Results obtained for the health risk assessment showed that no human health risk was found for either children or adults.
Pavle Pavlović; Thomas Sawidis; Jürgen Breuste; Olga Kostić; Dragan Čakmak; Dragana Đorđević; Dragana Pavlović; Marija Pavlović; Veljko Perović; Miroslava Mitrović. Fractionation of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Urban Soils from Salzburg, Thessaloniki and Belgrade: An Insight into Source Identification and Human Health Risk Assessment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 6014 .
AMA StylePavle Pavlović, Thomas Sawidis, Jürgen Breuste, Olga Kostić, Dragan Čakmak, Dragana Đorđević, Dragana Pavlović, Marija Pavlović, Veljko Perović, Miroslava Mitrović. Fractionation of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Urban Soils from Salzburg, Thessaloniki and Belgrade: An Insight into Source Identification and Human Health Risk Assessment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (11):6014.
Chicago/Turabian StylePavle Pavlović; Thomas Sawidis; Jürgen Breuste; Olga Kostić; Dragan Čakmak; Dragana Đorđević; Dragana Pavlović; Marija Pavlović; Veljko Perović; Miroslava Mitrović. 2021. "Fractionation of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Urban Soils from Salzburg, Thessaloniki and Belgrade: An Insight into Source Identification and Human Health Risk Assessment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11: 6014.
This paper presents a new analytical tool for a more deliberate qualitative assessment of and guidance for the way Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) are governed and technically implemented. It is the result of a combination of concepts from various alternative “sustainability” approaches and provides for the first time a set of detailed but not exhaustive aspects and sub-aspects that are critical for holistic implementation. A wide range of topics relevant for the attainment of radical change are embraced that had been rarely simultaneously considered in practice and research until now. Analyses at neighbourhood level in the solarCity (Linz, Austria) and Monges-Croix du Sud (Cornebarrieu, France), where SuDS have been comprehensively deployed, demonstrate the suitability of the tool for the provision of a more holistic perspective and direction for further change. Both projects represent the accomplishment of important steps towards sustainable stormwater management, but wider perspectives are required if the positive effects achieved are to be extended. Efforts have been made to understand the bio-physical traits of place prior to design and subsequently fulfil some technical demands, but reticence remains to: a) explore “closer to nature” solutions and transformative social considerations, and b) enter a continuous cycle of co-evolution.
Marc Gimenez-Maranges; Jürgen Breuste; Angela Hof. A new analytical tool for a more deliberate implementation of Sustainable Drainage Systems. Sustainable Cities and Society 2021, 71, 102955 .
AMA StyleMarc Gimenez-Maranges, Jürgen Breuste, Angela Hof. A new analytical tool for a more deliberate implementation of Sustainable Drainage Systems. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2021; 71 ():102955.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarc Gimenez-Maranges; Jürgen Breuste; Angela Hof. 2021. "A new analytical tool for a more deliberate implementation of Sustainable Drainage Systems." Sustainable Cities and Society 71, no. : 102955.
The Green City develops during the last decades from a vision to a goal and to a concept. This starts from the roots by NGOs and encouraged people, from national authorities and communities and from the European level. The discussion in some Central and Northern European countries is actually already further developed and bases on concrete steps forward to targets. A key issue is the urban green infrastructure and its networking characteristic, including all forms of nature and the target to let all urban residents equally participate in the benefits urban green areas provide. This brings the concepts of ecosystem services into the centre of interest and makes it available to become a tool in sustainable urban planning. Exactly this is now necessary and in small steps ongoing in several European examples. The urban nature as urban green part of urban planning becomes more valued and is seen as provider of nature-based solutions in cities. The Green City bases on valued, accepted, accessible and benefits for people providing concept, equal to other urban planning concepts. It starts normally with small steps in neighbourhoods and can expand to districts and become a strategy for whole cities.
Jürgen H. Breuste. The Green City: From a Vision to a Concept from National to European Perspectives. Ecoregional Green Roofs 2020, 29 -43.
AMA StyleJürgen H. Breuste. The Green City: From a Vision to a Concept from National to European Perspectives. Ecoregional Green Roofs. 2020; ():29-43.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJürgen H. Breuste. 2020. "The Green City: From a Vision to a Concept from National to European Perspectives." Ecoregional Green Roofs , no. : 29-43.
“Urban ecosystem services” refers to benefits for city residents provided by urban nature. They are based on ecological functions that offer a direct or indirect benefit for human well-being. They are components of nature, directly enjoyed, consumed, or used by urban residents. The concept of urban ecosystem services aims to analyze, measure and assess the usefulness of urban nature for city residents and provide a foundation for urban development and planning. Studies list the most important services in more detail under the following: (1) Urban nature supports good living conditions; (2) Urban nature improves health; (3) Experiencing and learning about nature in the city; (4) Urban nature provides services; (5) Urban nature is a location factor. The chapter explains which urban ecosystems provide which ecosystem services and how these can be measured, assessed, monitored and planned. Urban biodiversity is not merely the result of natural processes, but also that of conscious and unconscious shaping by humans. This means a paradigm shift regarding the traditional ideas of nature conservation that focus on preserving pristine habitats and exclusively on indigenous species. Urban biodiversity is often the only biodiversity that many people directly experience. Experiencing urban biodiversity will be the key to halt the loss of global biodiversity.
Jürgen Breuste. The Benefit Concept—How People Can Benefit from Urban Nature. Ecoregional Green Roofs 2020, 49 -73.
AMA StyleJürgen Breuste. The Benefit Concept—How People Can Benefit from Urban Nature. Ecoregional Green Roofs. 2020; ():49-73.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJürgen Breuste. 2020. "The Benefit Concept—How People Can Benefit from Urban Nature." Ecoregional Green Roofs , no. : 49-73.
Urban nature is notably diverse and species-rich. This is partially due to the particular ecological conditions provided by the urban environment. Due to the broad spectrum of human activity, the urban environment offers a range of habitats for different species. The “four natures approach” is a simple method for presenting urban nature in a clear and concise manner. It focuses on the particular features of urban nature (fauna, flora, and vegetation) and distinguishes between four different “types of nature” based on the degree of anthropomorphic influence that the landscape has experienced. Urban parks, woodlands, forests, gardens, agricultural land, wetlands, and new urban wildernesses contribute to urban nature. Each type of nature provides specific urban ecosystem services as benefits for urban residents. These urban nature types have specific structure, design, management, utilization forms, locations, and embedding into urban forms. Urban forest refers to the entirety of urban tree stock, irrespective of ownership and is considered a resource and provider of ecosystem services benefitting the city residents. It includes woods and woodlands as well as all trees on both public and private land (street trees, trees in parks, private gardens, cemeteries, brown fields, orchards).
Jürgen Breuste. The Urban Nature Concept—of What Urban Green Consists of. Ecoregional Green Roofs 2020, 17 -48.
AMA StyleJürgen Breuste. The Urban Nature Concept—of What Urban Green Consists of. Ecoregional Green Roofs. 2020; ():17-48.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJürgen Breuste. 2020. "The Urban Nature Concept—of What Urban Green Consists of." Ecoregional Green Roofs , no. : 17-48.
The Green City is a city that is “in balance with nature,” where all forms of nature—from living organisms to their habitats—are highly significant components of the urban form and part of green infrastructure. In a Green City, all forms of nature are respected, maintained, and extended for the benefit of city residents. Urban nature is seen as an ideal provider of services, and a key concept for city development. Almost all types of urban spaces are host to urban nature—either random (“wild”) or introduced by human decisions (e.g., trees, plantations). These areas are either actively used (e.g., meadows, grazeland, parks, gardens, urban forests, etc.) or are abandoned from their previous use (e.g., brownfields or certain wetlands and forests). Urban green infrastructure can be understood as a network of all urban natural elements—either close to nature or designed green space can be a planning relevant category. The concept of urban green infrastructure is thus exemplary for strategic and integrated planning, protection, development, and management of urban nature. This requires citywide, district-based and object-based spatial concepts.
Jürgen Breuste. The Green City: General Concept. Ecoregional Green Roofs 2020, 1 -15.
AMA StyleJürgen Breuste. The Green City: General Concept. Ecoregional Green Roofs. 2020; ():1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJürgen Breuste. 2020. "The Green City: General Concept." Ecoregional Green Roofs , no. : 1-15.
The papers in this chapter aim to contribute to a better understanding about the planning of multifunctional urban green infrastructure for compact cities (Hansen and Pauleit) and a general concept of visitors’ demands and supply of recreational services (Breuste et al.). Szilassi et al. discuss people’s perception of various structural vegetation types. The recreational use of nature areas in Istanbul shows the attractiveness of urban green areas of different types (Hayir-Kanat and Breuste). This also includes the relationship between the form and structure of green spaces (Faggi and Breuste) and the urban ecosystem resources (Rahimi and Breuste). The connectivity of social ties and biodiversity is exemplary explained on an urban park (Reyes-Paecke et al.). Onose et al. show that urban green areas can be troublesome in urban development and in the perception of people. Nita et al. try to find a balance in multifunctionality of urban parks by visitors’ perceptions. The case studies cover a wide scope of geographical backgrounds, ranging from Central Europe (Hansen and Pauleit, Szilassi et al.) to Southeastern Europe (Onose et al., Nita et al., Hayir-Kanat and Breuste), Latin America (Faggi and Breuste, Reyes-Paecke et al.), China, (Breuste et al.) and Iran (Rahimi and Breuste).
Jürgen Breuste; Martina Artmann. Multi-functional Urban Green Spaces. Cities and Nature 2020, 399 -526.
AMA StyleJürgen Breuste, Martina Artmann. Multi-functional Urban Green Spaces. Cities and Nature. 2020; ():399-526.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJürgen Breuste; Martina Artmann. 2020. "Multi-functional Urban Green Spaces." Cities and Nature , no. : 399-526.
Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) are solutions which use natural processes to manage storm-water. Having detected the inability of conventional storm-water management to cope alone with e.g. urban flooding, the incorporation of SuDS in action plans can enable a shift towards a more sustainable handling of storm-water. The principles underlying adaptive storm-water management can potentially be realised through the implementation of SuDS. However, the SuDS concept remains undeveloped and poorly researched in Mediterranean countries. This paper explores the extent to which SuDS have been used to manage floods in Italy and Southern France. Examples of SuDS are identified through a review of grey literature and then analysed by a set of socio-technical criteria that evaluate the adoption of the principles of adaptive storm-water management. Findings show an ongoing transition towards an adaptive approach, although mature adaptive storm-water management has been neither supported in policy nor realised in practice. SuDS are fostered in both countries but while a recent increase in their adoption can be observed in Southern France, their implementation is more limited in Italy. However, a conservative and technically focused policy and implementation process has been promoted. Governance practices have, for instance, undergone almost no change.
Marc Gimenez-Maranges; Viviana Pappalardo; Daniele La Rosa; Jürgen Breuste; Angela Hof. The transition to adaptive storm-water management: Learning from existing experiences in Italy and Southern France. Sustainable Cities and Society 2020, 55, 102061 .
AMA StyleMarc Gimenez-Maranges, Viviana Pappalardo, Daniele La Rosa, Jürgen Breuste, Angela Hof. The transition to adaptive storm-water management: Learning from existing experiences in Italy and Southern France. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2020; 55 ():102061.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarc Gimenez-Maranges; Viviana Pappalardo; Daniele La Rosa; Jürgen Breuste; Angela Hof. 2020. "The transition to adaptive storm-water management: Learning from existing experiences in Italy and Southern France." Sustainable Cities and Society 55, no. : 102061.
Technical and governing approaches to urban flooding in the European Union (EU) are currently conventional and centralised. This widespread paradigm has become increasingly ineffective and needs radical transformation. A promising alternative strategy involves the development of Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS), which mimic natural processes to manage floods. In this article, the effects of SuDS, as a transitional pathway from conventional to sustainable flood management, are reviewed. Levels of development and support of SuDS in various contexts and at different scales within the European Union are also examined. Scholarly work to date has been limited and technically focused. The transition remains a local, slow, and mainly northern European phenomenon. The research attention on technical performance indicates a continuing need for evidence of the effectiveness of SuDS. Further research is needed to gain a broad-based perspective on the transformation process.
Marc Gimenez-Maranges; Jürgen Breuste; Angela Hof. Sustainable Drainage Systems for transitioning to sustainable urban flood management in the European Union: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 255, 120191 .
AMA StyleMarc Gimenez-Maranges, Jürgen Breuste, Angela Hof. Sustainable Drainage Systems for transitioning to sustainable urban flood management in the European Union: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 255 ():120191.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarc Gimenez-Maranges; Jürgen Breuste; Angela Hof. 2020. "Sustainable Drainage Systems for transitioning to sustainable urban flood management in the European Union: A review." Journal of Cleaner Production 255, no. : 120191.
Although outdoor recreation participation has been studied extensively, little research has come from less developed regions of the world. This paper examined outdoor recreation participation and its predictors in Istanbul, an increasingly urbanized and populated megacity, in Turkey. The results show that nearly half of the people interviewed in this study had claimed to visit a nature area at least once a week or more often, nearly three-quarters invested a travel time to these areas of between 30 min to 2 h, about two-thirds spent more than 2 h at the area, and about one-third was engaged in leisurely walking. The frequency of visits was almost the single predictor of travel time. Visit frequencies were predicted by the travel time and visit length. Activity type and traveling longer than 2 h predicted the length of visits. Recreational activity type was predicted by visit length and travel time. Socio-demographic variables were associated with only a few outdoor participation variables. The findings imply that the residents have limited contact with nature and limited opportunity to benefit from such interaction.
Meryem Hayir-Kanat; Jürgen Breuste. Outdoor Recreation Participation in Istanbul, Turkey: An Investigation of Frequency, Length, Travel Time and Activities. Sustainability 2020, 12, 741 .
AMA StyleMeryem Hayir-Kanat, Jürgen Breuste. Outdoor Recreation Participation in Istanbul, Turkey: An Investigation of Frequency, Length, Travel Time and Activities. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (2):741.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMeryem Hayir-Kanat; Jürgen Breuste. 2020. "Outdoor Recreation Participation in Istanbul, Turkey: An Investigation of Frequency, Length, Travel Time and Activities." Sustainability 12, no. 2: 741.
This research focuses on people’s perceptions and expectations from nature and nature experience and their preferences of nature types. One-on-one face-to-face interviews were conducted with 500 respondents using a paper-pencil survey questionnaire. Our results show that the most frequently cited meaning of nature was fresh air and green space. Overall, the majority of the respondents associated the concept of nature with green areas, coasts, and panoramas. The psychological dimension of nature was also mentioned by about one-third of the respondents. The most beloved part of being in nature reported by the respondents was being away from city life and work. The respondents had strong preferences for being near water, primarily by the seaside. It is concluded that, for many people, nature and biological components of nature help with the recovery from work stress and city hassle.
Meryem Hayir-Kanat; Jürgen Breuste. Which Natural Areas are Preferred for Recreation? An Investigation of the Most Popular Natural Resting Types for Istanbul. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6773 .
AMA StyleMeryem Hayir-Kanat, Jürgen Breuste. Which Natural Areas are Preferred for Recreation? An Investigation of the Most Popular Natural Resting Types for Istanbul. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (23):6773.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMeryem Hayir-Kanat; Jürgen Breuste. 2019. "Which Natural Areas are Preferred for Recreation? An Investigation of the Most Popular Natural Resting Types for Istanbul." Sustainability 11, no. 23: 6773.
Der Terminus „Grün“ gerät in der Alltagssprache derzeit in Gefahr belanglos zu werden, zumindest aber unkonkret und bedeutungsvariabel. Dies trifft auch auf „Grüne Stadt“ zu. Hier können sehr vielfältige Inhalte von Verkehr über Energie bis zu Natur einbezogen werden.
Jürgen Breuste. Was Stadtnatur ist. Die Grüne Stadt 2019, 1 -17.
AMA StyleJürgen Breuste. Was Stadtnatur ist. Die Grüne Stadt. 2019; ():1-17.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJürgen Breuste. 2019. "Was Stadtnatur ist." Die Grüne Stadt , no. : 1-17.
In Städten finden sich Naturelemente, die auch außerhalb von ihnen vorkommen. Das Besondere ihrer Urbanität ist jedoch die Dichte ihrer Verbreitung, die Intensität ihrer Nutzung und die Variabilität ihrer oft kleinteiligen Struktur. Ziel in der Stadt ist es, diese Naturelemente so zu erhalten, neu zu etablieren, zu pflegen und zu entwickeln, damit sie den Bedürfnissen der Stadtbewohner möglichst gerecht werden können. Dazu sollten die Leistungen von Stadtnatur unterschiedlichster Art klug bedacht werden, damit sie auch sich ändernden Bedürfnissen der Stadtbewohner gut entsprechen. Viele Ansprüche an Stadtnatur widersprechen sich oder werden nur von bestimmten Bevölkerungsgruppen geäußert. Manche können überhaupt nicht gleichzeitig realisiert werden (s. Kap. 7). Es bedarf also eines gestaltenden Moderationsprozesse der Leistungen von Stadtnatur und der Bedürfnisse der diese Leistungen wahrnehmenden Bevölkerung. Zuerst sollte Klarheit darüber bestehen, welche Leistungen von welcher Stadtnatur überhaupt erbracht werden können und wie diese bereits jetzt genutzt werden. Das ist der Gegenstand dieses Kapitels. Zur besseren Übersicht wurden vier häufig auftretende, stadttypische Naturtypen ausgewählt betrachtet. Sie sind die Hauptleistungsträger, auch überregional und z. T. weltweit verbreitet, und sie werden am intensivsten genutzt: Stadtparke, der Stadtbaumbestand (Urban Forest), Stadtgärten und Stadtgewässer.
Jürgen Breuste. Welche Stadtnatur welche Leistung erbringt. Die Grüne Stadt 2019, 127 -220.
AMA StyleJürgen Breuste. Welche Stadtnatur welche Leistung erbringt. Die Grüne Stadt. 2019; ():127-220.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJürgen Breuste. 2019. "Welche Stadtnatur welche Leistung erbringt." Die Grüne Stadt , no. : 127-220.
Stadtnatur war lange Zeit ausschließlich gestaltete Natur in städtischem Kontext. Sie entstand mit der Entwicklung von Städten, nahm damit auch unterschiedliche Gestaltungs- und Akzeptanzformen an. Sie begann als vorwiegend private Natur im persönlichen Umfeld, als Gärten für Herrscher- und Besitzeliten, wurde als moden- und trendunterworfene Schmucknatur deren Statussymbol. Als Nutznatur der Obstgärten und Landwirtschaftsflächen verblieb sie lange in den Städten, bis der Wert ihrer Flächen sie in Konkurrenz zu anderen Nutzungen an den Stadtrand verdrängte bzw. ganz verschwinden ließ.
Jürgen Breuste. Wie die Stadtnatur entstand. Die Grüne Stadt 2019, 19 -66.
AMA StyleJürgen Breuste. Wie die Stadtnatur entstand. Die Grüne Stadt. 2019; ():19-66.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJürgen Breuste. 2019. "Wie die Stadtnatur entstand." Die Grüne Stadt , no. : 19-66.
Die Grüne Stadt ist Leitbild und Vision. Das inhaltlich breite Konzept der Grünen Stadt enthält als Kern die Stadtnatur. Im Konzept der Grünen Stadt wird Stadtnatur „konzeptualisiert“.
Jürgen Breuste. Was Stadtnatur im Konzept der Grünen Stadt ausmacht. Die Grüne Stadt 2019, 245 -298.
AMA StyleJürgen Breuste. Was Stadtnatur im Konzept der Grünen Stadt ausmacht. Die Grüne Stadt. 2019; ():245-298.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJürgen Breuste. 2019. "Was Stadtnatur im Konzept der Grünen Stadt ausmacht." Die Grüne Stadt , no. : 245-298.
Biodiversität wird oft verkürzt nur als Artenvielfalt wahrgenommen. Die Struktur der Lebensräume gehört jedoch dazu und macht Artenvielfalt erst verständlich. Dies trifft auch auf urbane Biodiversität zu. Sie ist wie die Stadtnatur als Ganzes gestaltete Biodiversität basiert auf städtischen Strukturen und deren Pflege und Management. Biodiversität wird in der Stadt gestaltet, kann damit also auch vergrößert oder reduziert werden.
Jürgen Breuste. Was urbane Biodiversität ausmacht. Die Grüne Stadt 2019, 221 -243.
AMA StyleJürgen Breuste. Was urbane Biodiversität ausmacht. Die Grüne Stadt. 2019; ():221-243.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJürgen Breuste. 2019. "Was urbane Biodiversität ausmacht." Die Grüne Stadt , no. : 221-243.
Stadtnatur entstand in Anpassung an, aber auch manchmal im Gegensatz zur Natur der Stadtumgebung. Mit dem Export der Idee der „schönen“ Stadtnatur aus dem humiden Europa wurde die öffentliche Stadtgestaltung mit Gärten, Sträuchern und Bäumen auch in andere, sogar aride Zonobiome übertragen. Auch dort wurden grüne Garten- und Parkoasen bevorzugt und mit großem Aufwand angelegt und gepflegt. Die Idee der persischen (Paradies-)Gärten verbreitete sich zwar bis nach Indien, blieb aber eine isolierte Stadtnatur für ausschließlich Eliten, ebenso wie chinesische und japanische Gärten.
Jürgen Breuste. Wie Stadtnatur im Kontext von Natur und Kultur besteht. Die Grüne Stadt 2019, 67 -97.
AMA StyleJürgen Breuste. Wie Stadtnatur im Kontext von Natur und Kultur besteht. Die Grüne Stadt. 2019; ():67-97.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJürgen Breuste. 2019. "Wie Stadtnatur im Kontext von Natur und Kultur besteht." Die Grüne Stadt , no. : 67-97.
Was Stadtnatur konkret leistet, haben Stadtbürger bisher empfunden und hielten sich dort auf, wo diese nachgefragten Leistungen optimal im Vergleich angeboten wurden. Messbar waren diese Leistungen jedoch meist nicht. Der besonders schöne Park, der Auenabschnitt mit vielen Vogelarten, der Platz, wo Kinder am flachen Wasser gefahrlos spielen können oder die schattige Allee waren lediglich als Kategorien lokal bekannt und genutzt.
Jürgen Breuste. Was Stadtnatur leistet. Die Grüne Stadt 2019, 99 -126.
AMA StyleJürgen Breuste. Was Stadtnatur leistet. Die Grüne Stadt. 2019; ():99-126.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJürgen Breuste. 2019. "Was Stadtnatur leistet." Die Grüne Stadt , no. : 99-126.
Die Wege zur Grünen Stadt können vielfältig sein und entwickeln sich im lokalen und regionalen Kontext. Dieses Kapitel beschreibt in acht Punkten die „Hauptstraßen“ einer „Road Map“ zur Grünen Stadt. Das Bemühen um eine Grüne Stadt wird immer zunächst mit ersten Schritten beginnen, um eine Perspektive für die anzugehenden Aufgaben zu gewinnen. Immer wird es darum gehen, Raum für Stadtnatur zu erhalten, neu zu gewinnen und diesen zu vernetzen. Stadtnatur allen zugänglich machen, bedeutet auch, vorhandene Potenziale an Stadtnatur zu erschließen. Generell geht es darum, den Nutzen von Stadtnatur für die Bürger der Stadt zu vergrößern und dabei alle Naturarten einzubeziehen. Dazu ist es notwendig, Stadtnatur zum Naturerlebnisraum und zum Lernort für Naturerfahrung zu machen. Der klassische Konflikt zwischen „Schützen“ und „Nutzen“ von Natur muss in der Stadt zugunsten eines Naturschutzkonzepts, das Schützen durch Nutzen in den Mittelpunkt stellt, aufgehoben werden.
Jürgen Breuste. Welche Wege es zu einer Grünen Stadt gibt es? Die Grüne Stadt 2019, 299 -367.
AMA StyleJürgen Breuste. Welche Wege es zu einer Grünen Stadt gibt es? Die Grüne Stadt. 2019; ():299-367.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJürgen Breuste. 2019. "Welche Wege es zu einer Grünen Stadt gibt es?" Die Grüne Stadt , no. : 299-367.
The reduced proportion of open and especially green and blue spaces is one of the major threats experienced by cities. Scholars advocate for strategies to enhance green spaces in cities, but less attention is given to urban blue infrastructure, which also has important benefits for the health and well-being of the residents. The present study aims to identify the specific changes that urban waters and green spaces have experienced in the past to assess the blue-green space relationships as an important step to move towards a green infrastructure planning approach. Based on the information extracted from historical maps over the past 160 years (1856–2016), we performed a land-use change and connectivity analysis of Bucharest city, Romania. Our results show that the Bucharest system of urban waters has significantly changed from small and disconnected patches to large and better-connected areas. Furthermore, the improved connectivity among the water bodies was justified by their integration within urban parks. Built-up areas, agricultural land, green spaces and landfill sites were identified as land uses that decreased the urban water surface. The potential to integrate urban waters with the green infrastructure network is high, and its efficiency is determined not only by structural connectivity but also by functional and institutional aspects.
Ioan-Cristian Iojă; Gabriela Osaci-Costache; Jürgen Breuste; Constantina Alina Hossu; Simona R. Grădinaru; Diana Andreea Onose; Mihai Răzvan Nită; Hana Skokanová. Integrating urban blue and green areas based on historical evidence. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2018, 34, 217 -225.
AMA StyleIoan-Cristian Iojă, Gabriela Osaci-Costache, Jürgen Breuste, Constantina Alina Hossu, Simona R. Grădinaru, Diana Andreea Onose, Mihai Răzvan Nită, Hana Skokanová. Integrating urban blue and green areas based on historical evidence. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2018; 34 ():217-225.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIoan-Cristian Iojă; Gabriela Osaci-Costache; Jürgen Breuste; Constantina Alina Hossu; Simona R. Grădinaru; Diana Andreea Onose; Mihai Răzvan Nită; Hana Skokanová. 2018. "Integrating urban blue and green areas based on historical evidence." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 34, no. : 217-225.