This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.

Unclaimed
Donna Green
Climate Change Research Centre and ARC centre of climate systems science, The University of New South Wales, Level 4 Matthews Bldg., University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, AUSTRALIA

Honors and Awards

The user has no records in this section


Career Timeline

The user has no records in this section.


Short Biography

The user biography is not available.
Following
Followers
Co Authors
The list of users this user is following is empty.
Following: 0 users

Feed

Accepted manuscript
Published: 19 January 2021 in Environmental Research Letters
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Access to clean and affordable energy is vital for health, well-being, and socio-economic development. This critical service remains unrealised in many African countries. Women's empowerment is known to promote healthcare service use, child nutrition and agricultural productivity. In Africa, however, little is known about the relationship between women's empowerment and household fuel use, and if it varies between countries. Therefore, we assessed the cross-sectional associations between women's empowerment and cooking fuel use in 31 African countries. We analysed individual-level data from the Demographic and Health Surveys, conducted between 2003 and 2018 (n= 264 269 [women-household pairs]). We used a novel, Africa-specific index (Survey-based Women's emPowERment index), including three domains of empowerment: decision-making, attitude to violence, and social independence. Hierarchical logistic regression models assessed the associations between women's empowerment domains and the type of fuel used in the household ('clean': electricity, liquefied petroleum gas, biogas or natural gas; 'polluting': solid fuels or kerosene). Results were adjusted for household- and area-level covariates, and expressed as odds ratios (OR). The 31 country-specific estimates were combined using meta-analysis. Approximately 43 778 (14.5%) of households used clean fuels. Overall, between 12/31 and 22/31 country-level estimates showed a significant association between a one standard deviation increase in empowerment domains (higher scores indicate greater empowerment), and higher odds of using clean fuel as primary energy source for cooking. The random-effect meta-analytic estimates showed that increased empowerment was associated with higher odds of using clean fuel for attitude to violence (OR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.12–1.33), social independence (OR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.28–1.42), and decision-making (OR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.05–1.15). These findings suggest that empowering women, in addition to being crucial in its own right, has potential to accelerate transitions to clean fuel in Africa, although these associations are not uniform at national-scale.

ACS Style

Daniel Bogale Odo; Ian A Yang; Donna Green; Luke D. Knibbs. Women’s empowerment and household fuel use in 31 African countries: a cross-sectional analysis of households in the Demographic and Health Survey. Environmental Research Letters 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Daniel Bogale Odo, Ian A Yang, Donna Green, Luke D. Knibbs. Women’s empowerment and household fuel use in 31 African countries: a cross-sectional analysis of households in the Demographic and Health Survey. Environmental Research Letters. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Bogale Odo; Ian A Yang; Donna Green; Luke D. Knibbs. 2021. "Women’s empowerment and household fuel use in 31 African countries: a cross-sectional analysis of households in the Demographic and Health Survey." Environmental Research Letters , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 21 October 2020 in Environmental Research Letters
Reads 0
Downloads 0
ACS Style

Nathan Cooper; Donna Green; Yuming Guo; Sotiris Vardoulakis. School children’s exposure to indoor fine particulate matter. Environmental Research Letters 2020, 15, 115003 .

AMA Style

Nathan Cooper, Donna Green, Yuming Guo, Sotiris Vardoulakis. School children’s exposure to indoor fine particulate matter. Environmental Research Letters. 2020; 15 (11):115003.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nathan Cooper; Donna Green; Yuming Guo; Sotiris Vardoulakis. 2020. "School children’s exposure to indoor fine particulate matter." Environmental Research Letters 15, no. 11: 115003.

Journal article
Published: 16 October 2020 in Sustainability
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Human health is a key pillar of modern conceptions of sustainability. Humanity pays a considerable price for its dependence on fossil-fueled energy systems, which must be addressed for sustainable urban development. Public hospitals are focal points for communities and have an opportunity to lead the transition to renewable energy. We have reimagined the healthcare energy ecosystem with sustainable technologies to transform hospitals into networked clean energy hubs. In this concept design, hydrogen is used to couple energy with other on-site medical resource demands, and vanadium flow battery technology is used to engage the public with energy systems. This multi-generation system would reduce harmful emissions while providing reliable services, tackling the linked issues of human and environmental health.

ACS Style

Nicholas Gurieff; Donna Green; Ilpo Koskinen; Mathew Lipson; Mark Baldry; Andrew Maddocks; Chris Menictas; Jens Noack; Behdad Moghtaderi; Elham Doroodchi. Healthy Power: Reimagining Hospitals as Sustainable Energy Hubs. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8554 .

AMA Style

Nicholas Gurieff, Donna Green, Ilpo Koskinen, Mathew Lipson, Mark Baldry, Andrew Maddocks, Chris Menictas, Jens Noack, Behdad Moghtaderi, Elham Doroodchi. Healthy Power: Reimagining Hospitals as Sustainable Energy Hubs. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (20):8554.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicholas Gurieff; Donna Green; Ilpo Koskinen; Mathew Lipson; Mark Baldry; Andrew Maddocks; Chris Menictas; Jens Noack; Behdad Moghtaderi; Elham Doroodchi. 2020. "Healthy Power: Reimagining Hospitals as Sustainable Energy Hubs." Sustainability 12, no. 20: 8554.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2020 in Environmental Research Letters
Reads 0
Downloads 0
ACS Style

M Sullivan; D Green. Toward eliminating children’s lead exposure: a comparison of policies and their outcomes in three lead producing and using countries. Environmental Research Letters 2020, 15, 103008 .

AMA Style

M Sullivan, D Green. Toward eliminating children’s lead exposure: a comparison of policies and their outcomes in three lead producing and using countries. Environmental Research Letters. 2020; 15 (10):103008.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M Sullivan; D Green. 2020. "Toward eliminating children’s lead exposure: a comparison of policies and their outcomes in three lead producing and using countries." Environmental Research Letters 15, no. 10: 103008.

Journal article
Published: 17 April 2020 in Applied Sciences
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The world is moving to the next phase of the energy transition with high penetrations of renewable energy. Flexible and scalable redox flow battery (RFB) technology is expected to play an important role in ensuring electricity network security and reliability. Innovations continue to enhance their value by reducing parasitic losses and maximizing available energy over broader operating conditions. Simulations of vanadium redox flow battery (VRB/VRFB) cells were conducted using a validated COMSOL Multiphysics model. Cell designs are developed to reduce losses from pump energy while improving the delivery of active species where required. The combination of wedge-shaped cells with static mixers is found to improve performance by reducing differential pressure and concentration overpotential. Higher electrode compression at the outlet optimises material properties through the cell, while the mixer mitigates concentration gradients across the cell. Simulations show a 12% lower pressure drop across the cell and a 2% lower charge voltage for improved energy efficiency. Wedge-shaped cells are shown to offer extended capacity during cycling. The prototype mixers are fabricated using additive manufacturing for further studies. Toroidal battery designs incorporating these innovations at the kW scale are developed through inter-disciplinary collaboration and rendered using computer aided design (CAD).

ACS Style

Nicholas Gurieff; Declan Finn Keogh; Mark Baldry; Victoria Timchenko; Donna Green; Ilpo Koskinen; Chris Menictas. Mass Transport Optimization for Redox Flow Battery Design. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 2801 .

AMA Style

Nicholas Gurieff, Declan Finn Keogh, Mark Baldry, Victoria Timchenko, Donna Green, Ilpo Koskinen, Chris Menictas. Mass Transport Optimization for Redox Flow Battery Design. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (8):2801.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicholas Gurieff; Declan Finn Keogh; Mark Baldry; Victoria Timchenko; Donna Green; Ilpo Koskinen; Chris Menictas. 2020. "Mass Transport Optimization for Redox Flow Battery Design." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8: 2801.

Preprint
Published: 26 March 2020
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The world is moving to the next phase of the energy transition with high penetrations of renewable energy. Flexible and scalable redox flow battery (RFB) technology is expected to play an important role in ensuring electricity network security and reliability. Continuous performance improvements will further enhance their value by reducing parasitic losses and maximizing available energy conversion over broader operating conditions. Concentration overpotentials from poor internal reactant distribution at high and low states of charge (SOC) limit power densities and are thus an important area of investigation. However, efforts to address these coupled electrochemical phenomena can compromise mechanical performance. Modelling and simulation of cell design innovations have shown it is possible to reduce losses from pump energy while increasing the availability of active species where required. The combination of wedge-shaped cells with static mixers investigated in this paper can reduce pressure drop and improve energy efficiency. Toroidal vanadium redox flow battery (VRB/VRFB) designs incorporating this innovation are presented for further development to improve community engagement with the technology.

ACS Style

Nicholas Gurieff; Declan Finn Keogh; Mark Bladry; Victoria Timchenko; Donna Green; Ilpo Koskinen; Chris Menictas. Mass Transport Optimization for Redox Flow Battery Design. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Nicholas Gurieff, Declan Finn Keogh, Mark Bladry, Victoria Timchenko, Donna Green, Ilpo Koskinen, Chris Menictas. Mass Transport Optimization for Redox Flow Battery Design. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicholas Gurieff; Declan Finn Keogh; Mark Bladry; Victoria Timchenko; Donna Green; Ilpo Koskinen; Chris Menictas. 2020. "Mass Transport Optimization for Redox Flow Battery Design." , no. : 1.

Perspective
Published: 13 November 2019 in Medical Journal of Australia
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The MJA–Lancet Countdown on health and climate change was established in 2017 and produced its first Australian national assessment in 2018. It examined 41 indicators across five broad domains: climate change impacts, exposures and vulnerability; adaptation, planning and resilience for health; mitigation actions and health co‐benefits; economics and finance; and public and political engagement. It found that, overall, Australia is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change on health, and that policy inaction in this regard threatens Australian lives. In this report we present the 2019 update. We track progress on health and climate change in Australia across the same five broad domains and many of the same indicators as in 2018. A number of new indicators are introduced this year, including one focused on wildfire exposure, and another on engagement in health and climate change in the corporate sector. Several of the previously reported indicators are not included this year, either due to their discontinuation by the parent project, the Lancet Countdown, or because insufficient new data were available for us to meaningfully provide an update to the indicator. In a year marked by an Australian federal election in which climate change featured prominently, we find mixed progress on health and climate change in this country. There has been progress in renewable energy generation, including substantial employment increases in this sector. There has also been some progress at state and local government level. However, there continues to be no engagement on health and climate change in the Australian federal Parliament, and Australia performs poorly across many of the indicators in comparison to other developed countries; for example, it is one of the world's largest net exporters of coal and its electricity generation from low carbon sources is low. We also find significantly increasing exposure of Australians to heatwaves and, in most states and territories, continuing elevated suicide rates at higher temperatures. We conclude that Australia remains at significant risk of declines in health due to climate change, and that substantial and sustained national action is urgently required in order to prevent this.

ACS Style

Paul J Beggs; Ying Zhang; Hilary Bambrick; Helen L Berry; Martina K Linnenluecke; Stefan Trueck; Peng Bi; Sinead M Boylan; Donna Green; Yuming Guo; Ivan C Hanigan; Fay H Johnston; Diana L Madden; Arunima Malik; Geoffrey G Morgan; Sarah Perkins‐Kirkpatrick; Lucie Rychetnik; Mark Stevenson; Nick Watts; Anthony G Capon. The 2019 report of theMJA–LancetCountdown on health and climate change: a turbulent year with mixed progress. Medical Journal of Australia 2019, 211, 490 -491.e21.

AMA Style

Paul J Beggs, Ying Zhang, Hilary Bambrick, Helen L Berry, Martina K Linnenluecke, Stefan Trueck, Peng Bi, Sinead M Boylan, Donna Green, Yuming Guo, Ivan C Hanigan, Fay H Johnston, Diana L Madden, Arunima Malik, Geoffrey G Morgan, Sarah Perkins‐Kirkpatrick, Lucie Rychetnik, Mark Stevenson, Nick Watts, Anthony G Capon. The 2019 report of theMJA–LancetCountdown on health and climate change: a turbulent year with mixed progress. Medical Journal of Australia. 2019; 211 (11):490-491.e21.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paul J Beggs; Ying Zhang; Hilary Bambrick; Helen L Berry; Martina K Linnenluecke; Stefan Trueck; Peng Bi; Sinead M Boylan; Donna Green; Yuming Guo; Ivan C Hanigan; Fay H Johnston; Diana L Madden; Arunima Malik; Geoffrey G Morgan; Sarah Perkins‐Kirkpatrick; Lucie Rychetnik; Mark Stevenson; Nick Watts; Anthony G Capon. 2019. "The 2019 report of theMJA–LancetCountdown on health and climate change: a turbulent year with mixed progress." Medical Journal of Australia 211, no. 11: 490-491.e21.

Accepted manuscript
Published: 26 September 2019 in Environmental Research Letters
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Vulnerable subpopulations may be exposed to higher levels of outdoor air pollution than the rest of the population. Due to the potential for this to exacerbate their existing health burden, concerns about disparities in subpopulations' air pollution exposure have motivated international public health researchers to examine this topic. In Australia, such research is lacking to date, despite heterogeneity in air pollution at multiple spatial scales across the continent. This study aimed to investigate disparities in exposure to two health-relevant outdoor air pollutants: particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). We used national land-use regression models to estimate annual average concentrations of PM2.5 and NO2, and area-level census data on ethnicity, age and socio-economic status to calculate the bivariate associations between each census-derived variable with the concentration of air pollutants. We also used multivariable models including specific measures of socio-economic status as covariates to assess to what extent associations were explained by socio-economic status. Associations were calculated separately for rural and urban areas using generalised additive models which accounted for spatial autocorrelation. Bivariate results showed significant non-linear associations (p <0.001) between vulnerable subpopulations and pollutant concentration. These associations suggested that areas with greater socio-economic disadvantage, a higher proportion of ethnic minorities, and elderly people are exposed to higher concentrations of PM2.5 and NO2, although differences in the magnitude of exposure were small overall. Our multivariable models showed that the associations between ethnic minorities and pollutant concentration appear to be substantially affected by area-level socio-economic status. Our results suggested that these vulnerable subpopulations are inequitably exposed to PM2.5 and NO2. While the magnitude of differences in exposure were generally small, the predicted differences in exposure among vulnerable subpopulations could contribute to a potentially avertable health burden at a population-level.

ACS Style

Nathan Cooper; Donna Green; Luke Knibbs. Inequalities in exposure to the air pollutants PM 2.5 and NO 2 in Australia. Environmental Research Letters 2019, 14, 115005 .

AMA Style

Nathan Cooper, Donna Green, Luke Knibbs. Inequalities in exposure to the air pollutants PM 2.5 and NO 2 in Australia. Environmental Research Letters. 2019; 14 (11):115005.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nathan Cooper; Donna Green; Luke Knibbs. 2019. "Inequalities in exposure to the air pollutants PM 2.5 and NO 2 in Australia." Environmental Research Letters 14, no. 11: 115005.

Journal article
Published: 05 September 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Little is known about the potential interactive effects of heat waves and ambient particulate matter on cardiovascular morbidity. A time-stratified case-crossover design was used to examine whether particulate matter (PM10) modifies the association between heat waves and emergency hospital admissions for six cardiovascular diseases in Greater Sydney, Australia during the warm season for 2001–2013. We estimated and compared the effect of heat waves on high- and low-level PM10 days at lag0–lag2, adjusting for dew-point temperature, ambient ozone, ambient nitrogen dioxide, and public holidays. We also investigated the susceptibility of both younger (0–64 years) and older populations (65 years and above), and tested the sensitivity of three heat wave definitions. Stronger heat wave effects were observed on high- compared to low-level PM10 days for emergency hospital admissions for cardiac arrest for all ages combined, 0–64 years and 65 years and above; conduction disorders for 0–64 years; and hypertensive diseases for all ages combined and 0–64 years. Overall, we found some evidence to suggest that PM10 may modify the association between heat waves and hospital admissions for certain cardiovascular diseases, although our findings largely differed across disease, age group, lag, and heat wave definition.

ACS Style

Marissa Parry; Donna Green; Ying Zhang; Andrew Hayen. Does Particulate Matter Modify the Short-Term Association between Heat Waves and Hospital Admissions for Cardiovascular Diseases in Greater Sydney, Australia? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 3270 .

AMA Style

Marissa Parry, Donna Green, Ying Zhang, Andrew Hayen. Does Particulate Matter Modify the Short-Term Association between Heat Waves and Hospital Admissions for Cardiovascular Diseases in Greater Sydney, Australia? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (18):3270.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marissa Parry; Donna Green; Ying Zhang; Andrew Hayen. 2019. "Does Particulate Matter Modify the Short-Term Association between Heat Waves and Hospital Admissions for Cardiovascular Diseases in Greater Sydney, Australia?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 18: 3270.

Perspective
Published: 29 November 2018 in Medical Journal of Australia
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Climate plays an important role in human health and it is well established that climate change can have very significant impacts in this regard. In partnership with The Lancet and the MJA, we present the inaugural Australian Countdown assessment of progress on climate change and health. This comprehensive assessment examines 41 indicators across five broad sections: climate change impacts, exposures and vulnerability; adaptation, planning and resilience for health; mitigation actions and health co‐benefits; economics and finance; and public and political engagement. These indicators and the methods used for each are largely consistent with those of the Lancet Countdown global assessment published in October 2017, but with an Australian focus. Significant developments include the addition of a new indicator on mental health. Overall, we find that Australia is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change on health, and that policy inaction in this regard threatens Australian lives. In a number of respects, Australia has gone backwards and now lags behind other high income countries such as Germany and the United Kingdom. Examples include the persistence of a very high carbon‐intensive energy system in Australia, and its slow transition to renewables and low carbon electricity generation. However, we also find some examples of good progress, such as heatwave response planning. Given the overall poor state of progress on climate change and health in Australia, this country now has an enormous opportunity to take action and protect human health and lives. Australia has the technical knowhow and intellect to do this, and our annual updates of this assessment will track Australia's engagement with and progress on this vitally important issue.

ACS Style

Ying Zhang; Paul Beggs; Hilary Bambrick; Helen L Berry; Martina K Linnenluecke; Stefan Trueck; Robyn Alders; Peng Bi; Sinead M Boylan; Donna Green; Yuming Guo; Ivan Hanigan; Elizabeth Hanna; Arunima Malik; Geoffrey Morgan; Mark Stevenson; Shilu Tong; Nick Watts; Anthony Capon. The MJA–Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: Australian policy inaction threatens lives. Medical Journal of Australia 2018, 209, 474 -474.

AMA Style

Ying Zhang, Paul Beggs, Hilary Bambrick, Helen L Berry, Martina K Linnenluecke, Stefan Trueck, Robyn Alders, Peng Bi, Sinead M Boylan, Donna Green, Yuming Guo, Ivan Hanigan, Elizabeth Hanna, Arunima Malik, Geoffrey Morgan, Mark Stevenson, Shilu Tong, Nick Watts, Anthony Capon. The MJA–Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: Australian policy inaction threatens lives. Medical Journal of Australia. 2018; 209 (11):474-474.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ying Zhang; Paul Beggs; Hilary Bambrick; Helen L Berry; Martina K Linnenluecke; Stefan Trueck; Robyn Alders; Peng Bi; Sinead M Boylan; Donna Green; Yuming Guo; Ivan Hanigan; Elizabeth Hanna; Arunima Malik; Geoffrey Morgan; Mark Stevenson; Shilu Tong; Nick Watts; Anthony Capon. 2018. "The MJA–Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: Australian policy inaction threatens lives." Medical Journal of Australia 209, no. 11: 474-474.

Letter
Published: 23 July 2018 in Environmental Research Letters
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Distributive environmental justice studies frequently identify how ethnic minorities and communities of low socio-economic status (SES) are disproportionately likely to live in areas with an elevated risk of exposure to pollution. Few distributive justice studies have been conducted in Australia to explore whether this relationship is relevant to rural mining communities. In the remote mining city of Mount Isa, studies have found higher geometric mean blood lead levels (BLLs) among Indigenous children compared to non-Indigenous children. However, there is a lack of recent BLL data to determine conclusively if Indigenous children in Mount Isa are disproportionately exposed to lead pollution. We employed a common distributive environmental justice analysis approach to determine if Indigenous residents are disproportionately likely to live in areas with elevated soil lead concentrations. We analysed soil samples from 49 of 51 census areas at the Statistical Area 1 (SA1) level and measured the statistical correlation between soil lead concentration and the percentage of residents living in each SA1 who were of Indigenous status using Kendall's tau and linear regression. We found little evidence of an association between soil lead concentration and either Indigenous status or SES, indicating that Indigenous and low-SES residents are not disproportionately likely to live in areas with elevated concentrations of soil lead. The results of this study, along with prior research on mining emissions and housing quality in Mount Isa, indicate that elevated BLLs among Indigenous children may be due to low-SES increasing the risk of exposure as a result of lower quality housing. Actions by governing and mining bodies to address children's elevated BLLs in Mount Isa should give greater attention to risk factors related to SES. Furthermore, distributive environmental justice research must account for disparities in exposure which are not the result of disproportionate proximity to polluting sources.

ACS Style

Nathan Cooper; Donna Green; Marianne Sullivan; David Cohen. Environmental justice analyses may hide inequalities in Indigenous people’s exposure to lead in Mount Isa, Queensland. Environmental Research Letters 2018, 13, 084004 .

AMA Style

Nathan Cooper, Donna Green, Marianne Sullivan, David Cohen. Environmental justice analyses may hide inequalities in Indigenous people’s exposure to lead in Mount Isa, Queensland. Environmental Research Letters. 2018; 13 (8):084004.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nathan Cooper; Donna Green; Marianne Sullivan; David Cohen. 2018. "Environmental justice analyses may hide inequalities in Indigenous people’s exposure to lead in Mount Isa, Queensland." Environmental Research Letters 13, no. 8: 084004.

Review
Published: 26 April 2018 in Environmental Research Letters
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Sydney is Australia's largest city and is growing rapidly. Although Sydney's air quality is relatively good compared to the major cities in many industrialised countries, particulate matter (PM) and ozone (O3) occasionally exceed the national health standards and are the cause of premature mortalities and hospital admissions. Numerous studies from overseas (e.g. North America and continental Europe) suggest that climate change may impact air quality to the detriment of human health. There is limited knowledge about how climate change may impact air quality in Sydney. This study reviews the available literature on the impacts of climate change on air quality related health impacts in Sydney to identify knowledge and research gaps. Where no studies are available for Sydney, it draws on relevant studies from other Australian cities and overseas. Our findings summarise what is known about how climate change may impact air quality in Sydney and where research gaps exist. This approach can facilitate research agendas, policies and planning strategies that mitigate public health impacts and tackle climate change and air pollution in a coordinated way.

ACS Style

Annika Dean; Donna Green. Climate change, air pollution and human health in Sydney, Australia: A review of the literature. Environmental Research Letters 2018, 13, 053003 .

AMA Style

Annika Dean, Donna Green. Climate change, air pollution and human health in Sydney, Australia: A review of the literature. Environmental Research Letters. 2018; 13 (5):053003.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Annika Dean; Donna Green. 2018. "Climate change, air pollution and human health in Sydney, Australia: A review of the literature." Environmental Research Letters 13, no. 5: 053003.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2018 in Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Global warming, in combination with the urban heat island effect, is increasing the temperature in cities. These changes increase the risk of heat stress for millions of city dwellers. Given the large populations at risk, a variety of mitigation strategies have been proposed to cool cities—including strategies that aim to reduce the ambient air temperature. This paper uses common heat stress metrics to evaluate the performance of several urban heat island mitigation strategies. The authors found that cooling via reducing net radiation or increasing irrigated vegetation in parks or on green roofs did reduce ambient air temperature. However, a lower air temperature did not necessarily lead to less heat stress because both temperature and humidity are important factors in determining human thermal comfort. Specifically, cooling the surface via evaporation through the use of irrigation increased humidity—consequently, the net impact on human comfort of any cooling was negligible. This result suggests that urban cooling strategies must aim to reduce ambient air temperatures without increasing humidity, for example via the deployment of solar panels over roofs or via cool roofs utilizing high albedos, in order to combat human heat stress in the urban environment.

ACS Style

Shaoxiu Ma; Andy Pitman; Jiachuan Yang; Claire Carouge; Jason Evans; Melissa Hart; Donna Green. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Mitigation Options on Heat Stress for Sydney, Australia. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 2018, 57, 209 -220.

AMA Style

Shaoxiu Ma, Andy Pitman, Jiachuan Yang, Claire Carouge, Jason Evans, Melissa Hart, Donna Green. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Mitigation Options on Heat Stress for Sydney, Australia. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology. 2018; 57 (2):209-220.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shaoxiu Ma; Andy Pitman; Jiachuan Yang; Claire Carouge; Jason Evans; Melissa Hart; Donna Green. 2018. "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Mitigation Options on Heat Stress for Sydney, Australia." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 57, no. 2: 209-220.

Journal article
Published: 13 December 2017 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Mount Isa, Queensland, is one of three Australian cities with significant lead emissions due to nonferrous mining and smelting. Unlike the two other cities with lead mines or smelters, Mount Isa currently has no system of annual, systematic, community-wide blood lead level testing; and testing rates among Indigenous children are low. In previous screenings, this group of children has been shown to have higher average blood lead levels than non-Indigenous children. The first aim of this study was to assess whether parents and children would participate in less invasive, rapid point-of-care capillary testing. The second aim was to measure blood lead levels among a range of children that roughly reflected the percentage of the Indigenous/non-Indigenous population. This pilot study is based on a convenience sample of children between the ages of 12 and 83 months who were recruited to participate by staff at a Children and Family Centre. Over three half-days, 30 children were tested using capillary blood samples and the LeadCare II Point-of-Care testing system. Rapid point-of-care capillary testing was well tolerated by the children. Of 30 children tested, 40% (n = 12) had blood lead levels ≥5 µg/dL and 10% had levels ≥10 µg/dL. The highest blood lead level measured was 17.3 µg/dL. The percentage of children with blood lead levels ≥5 µg/dL was higher among Indigenous children compared to non-Indigenous (64.2% compared to 18.8%) as was the geometric mean level (6.5 (95% CI, 4.7, 9.2) versus 2.4 (95% CI, 1.8, 3.1)), a statistically significant difference. Though based on a small convenience sample, this study identified 12 children (40%) of the sample with blood lead levels ≥5 µg/dL. Due to historical and ongoing heavy metal emissions from mining and smelting in Mount Isa, we recommend a multi-component program of universal blood lead level testing, culturally appropriate follow-up and intervention for children who are identified with blood lead levels ≥5 µg/dL. We further recommend focused outreach and assistance to the Indigenous community, and further control of emissions and remediation of existing environmental lead contamination in children’s play and residential areas.

ACS Style

Donna Green; Marianne Sullivan; Nathan Cooper; Annika Dean; Cielo Marquez. A Pilot Study of Children’s Blood Lead Levels in Mount Isa, Queensland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2017, 14, 1567 .

AMA Style

Donna Green, Marianne Sullivan, Nathan Cooper, Annika Dean, Cielo Marquez. A Pilot Study of Children’s Blood Lead Levels in Mount Isa, Queensland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14 (12):1567.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Donna Green; Marianne Sullivan; Nathan Cooper; Annika Dean; Cielo Marquez. 2017. "A Pilot Study of Children’s Blood Lead Levels in Mount Isa, Queensland." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 12: 1567.

Journal article
Published: 16 November 2017 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The associations between environmental lead exposure and high school educational outcomes in four communities located in New South Wales, Australia, were examined in this ecological study. A mixed model analysis was performed to account for each school’s results being more similar than results for other schools. The effect of environmental lead exposure on mean results for five educational outcomes was examined. ‘Leaded’ schools with more than five per cent of students living in the highest lead risk areas were tested against non-leaded ‘comparison’ schools that were matched by a pre-defined socio-educational advantage rating. A small disadvantage was found for leaded schools for four out of five outcomes, which was statistically significant for three outcomes: Higher School Certificate English (p < 0.01), School Certificate Mathematics (p < 0.05), and Australian Tertiary Admissions Rank eligibility rate (p < 0.01). This study adds to the large body of evidence in Australia and elsewhere supporting the importance of primary prevention to protect health at multiple stages of development.

ACS Style

Jennifer McCrindle; Donna Green; Marianne Sullivan. The Association between Environmental Lead Exposure and High School Educational Outcomes in Four Communities in New South Wales, Australia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2017, 14, 1395 .

AMA Style

Jennifer McCrindle, Donna Green, Marianne Sullivan. The Association between Environmental Lead Exposure and High School Educational Outcomes in Four Communities in New South Wales, Australia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14 (11):1395.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jennifer McCrindle; Donna Green; Marianne Sullivan. 2017. "The Association between Environmental Lead Exposure and High School Educational Outcomes in Four Communities in New South Wales, Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 11: 1395.

Book chapter
Published: 14 September 2017 in The Routledge Handbook of Environmental Justice
Reads 0
Downloads 0
ACS Style

Donna Green; Marianne Sullivan; Karrina Nolan. Environmental injustice in resource-rich Aboriginal Australia. The Routledge Handbook of Environmental Justice 2017, 515 -527.

AMA Style

Donna Green, Marianne Sullivan, Karrina Nolan. Environmental injustice in resource-rich Aboriginal Australia. The Routledge Handbook of Environmental Justice. 2017; ():515-527.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Donna Green; Marianne Sullivan; Karrina Nolan. 2017. "Environmental injustice in resource-rich Aboriginal Australia." The Routledge Handbook of Environmental Justice , no. : 515-527.

Book chapter
Published: 31 July 2017 in Health of People, Places and Planet: Reflections based on Tony McMichael&rsquo;s four decades of contribution to epidemiological understanding
Reads 0
Downloads 0
ACS Style

Donna Green; Leanne Webb. Climate Change, Health and Well-being in Indigenous Australia. Health of People, Places and Planet: Reflections based on Tony McMichael&rsquo;s four decades of contribution to epidemiological understanding 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Donna Green, Leanne Webb. Climate Change, Health and Well-being in Indigenous Australia. Health of People, Places and Planet: Reflections based on Tony McMichael&rsquo;s four decades of contribution to epidemiological understanding. 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Donna Green; Leanne Webb. 2017. "Climate Change, Health and Well-being in Indigenous Australia." Health of People, Places and Planet: Reflections based on Tony McMichael&rsquo;s four decades of contribution to epidemiological understanding , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 04 May 2017 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Publically accessible pollution databases, such as the Australian National Pollutant Inventory, contain information on chemical emissions released by industrial facility and diffuse sources. They are meant to enable public scrutiny of industrial activity, which in turn, is meant to lead to industries reducing their pollution. In Australia, however, concerns have been consistently raised that this process is not occurring. To assess whether Australia’s National Pollutant Inventory is fulfilling its legislated goals, we examined the accuracy and consistency of the largest facility and diffuse source of airborne lead, a major pollutant of concern for public health. Our analysis found that the emissions estimates provided by the Inventory were not accurate and were not consistent with other sources of emissions within the Inventory, potentially distorting any user interpretation of emissions estimates provided by the National Pollutant Inventory. We conclude that for at least these important public health pollution sources, the Inventory does not fulfil its legislated goals.

ACS Style

Nathan Cooper; Donna Green; Katrin J. Meissner. The Australian National Pollutant Inventory Fails to Fulfil Its Legislated Goals. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2017, 14, 478 .

AMA Style

Nathan Cooper, Donna Green, Katrin J. Meissner. The Australian National Pollutant Inventory Fails to Fulfil Its Legislated Goals. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14 (5):478.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nathan Cooper; Donna Green; Katrin J. Meissner. 2017. "The Australian National Pollutant Inventory Fails to Fulfil Its Legislated Goals." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 5: 478.

Letter
Published: 01 March 2017 in Environmental Research Letters
Reads 0
Downloads 0
ACS Style

Nicholas Herold; Lisa Alexander; Donna Green; Markus Donat. Greater increases in temperature extremes in low versus high income countries. Environmental Research Letters 2017, 12, 034007 .

AMA Style

Nicholas Herold, Lisa Alexander, Donna Green, Markus Donat. Greater increases in temperature extremes in low versus high income countries. Environmental Research Letters. 2017; 12 (3):034007.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicholas Herold; Lisa Alexander; Donna Green; Markus Donat. 2017. "Greater increases in temperature extremes in low versus high income countries." Environmental Research Letters 12, no. 3: 034007.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2017 in Nature Climate Change
Reads 0
Downloads 0

A major Australian government report published 25 years ago called for urgent investment in research on the impacts of climate change on human health. Since that report's release, less than 0.1% of Australian health funding has been allocated to this area. As the world continues on a high emissions pathway, the health impacts from climate change are increasing in size and complexity. While Australia has established leadership roles in climate science and health research, it must now link these two strengths. Doing so would boost regional understanding of how climate change will affect health and what adaptation strategies are needed to reduce these threats. Such research would support better health planning and decision-making in partnership with other regional countries. Download references

ACS Style

Donna Green; Andrew Pitman; Adrian Barnett; John Kaldor; Peter Doherty; Fiona Stanley. Advancing Australia's role in climate change and health research. Nature Climate Change 2017, 7, 103 -106.

AMA Style

Donna Green, Andrew Pitman, Adrian Barnett, John Kaldor, Peter Doherty, Fiona Stanley. Advancing Australia's role in climate change and health research. Nature Climate Change. 2017; 7 (2):103-106.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Donna Green; Andrew Pitman; Adrian Barnett; John Kaldor; Peter Doherty; Fiona Stanley. 2017. "Advancing Australia's role in climate change and health research." Nature Climate Change 7, no. 2: 103-106.