This study is a comparison of three commonly used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pulse sequences to examine the image quality of the pulse sequences at a short acquisition time. Two tissue-equivalent gels were created. While one gel is constructed of polysaccharide and agarose, the other is made of ferrous benzoic xylenol orange (FBX). FBX gel is exposed to a 25 Grey dosage of 6MV photons from a linear accelerator. Repetition time (TR) was used to conduct experimental modifications in imaging parameters. The quantitative analysis comprises the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). Fast Spin Echo (FSE) and Fast Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) are most comparable in SNR at 1.5 Tesla for various TR values. Conventional Spin Echo (CSE) has a CNR that is 143% and 93% higher than FSE and FLAIR, respectively. The time difference between CSE and FSE is 6 minutes and 34 seconds, whereas CSE and FLAIR is 6 minutes and 43 seconds. FSE and FLAIR provide superior image quality with quicker acquisition, suitable for patients sensitive to longer scan durations. Meanwhile, CSE stands out, delivering significantly enhanced contrast and SNR in T2-weighted images compared to other MRI pulses.

The main objective of this work is to carry out image enhancement of clinical cardiac angiograms of real-life patients. Methods: In this research, we have applied three noise removal techniques comprising of six different image enhancement methods to existing angiograms obtained from a patient's angiography. A group of cardiologists having relevant expertise in angiography were consulted for their expert opinion. Results: Three noise removal approaches were applied to the current angiograms, comprising six distinct methods. Angiogram image comparisons were drawn on the basis of before and after applying techniques on images. These comparative angiography images were presented to a group of cardiologists to determine the percentage of improvement/degradation achieved. The noise removal technique is applied using Adaptive Filtering (Wiener2) method which yields -10% degradation of an original angiogram. Secondly, the noise reduction approach, which produces results of +10%, +10%, 0%, and +25%, respectively, utilizing the four de-convolution methods Weiner, Regularized, Lucy Richardson, and Blind Filters. Finally, the proposed noise removal methodology, which combines several methods, results in +35% improved images. Conclusion: Digital images obtained from angiography have inherent noise. Image enhancement up to 35% is obtained using the suggested noise removal technique. This research can benefit cardiologists as well as angiography equipment manufacturers.

The main objective of this work is to carry out image enhancement of clinical cardiac angiograms of real-life patients. Methods: In this research, we have applied three noise removal techniques comprising of six different image enhancement methods to existing angiograms obtained from a patient's angiography. A group of cardiologists having relevant expertise in angiography were consulted for their expert opinion. Results: Three noise removal approaches were applied to the current angiograms, comprising six distinct methods. Angiogram image comparisons were drawn on the basis of before and after applying techniques on images. These comparative angiography images were presented to a group of cardiologists to determine the percentage of improvement/degradation achieved. The noise removal technique is applied using Adaptive Filtering (Wiener2) method which yields -10% degradation of an original angiogram. Secondly, the noise reduction approach, which produces results of +10%, +10%, 0%, and +25%, respectively, utilizing the four de-convolution methods Weiner, Regularized, Lucy Richardson, and Blind Filters. Finally, the proposed noise removal methodology, which combines several methods, results in +35% improved images. Conclusion: Digital images obtained from angiography have inherent noise. Image enhancement up to 35% is obtained using the suggested noise removal technique. This research can benefit cardiologists as well as angiography equipment manufacturers.