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Dr. Alessandro Fornaciai
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), via della Faggiola 32, 56126 Pisa, Italy

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0 LiDAR
0 unmanned aerial vehicles
0 Geomorphometry
0 Digital terrain modeling and analysis
0 Digital elevation models

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LiDAR
Digital elevation models
Lava flow hazard and modeling
Geomorphometry

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Journal article
Published: 09 July 2021 in Geological Society, London, Special Publications
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In December 2002, two landslides along the Sciada del Fuoco at Stromboli triggered large tsunami waves that caused significant damage on the coast of the island up to an elevation of about 10 m above sea level. In this work, we report in detail the items and the methods used to reconstruct the 2002 tsunami at Stromboli highlighting their strengths and limits. In particular, we describe: i) the Non-Hydrostatic WAVE (NHWAVE) model used to simulate the triggering landslide, the wave propagation and the inundation/runup on the land; ii) the data and methods used to generate the topo-bathymetric computational grid; iii) the field data acquired on Stromboli after the 2002 tsunami used as ground truth for checking the simulation outputs. Our results show that the most severe damages on the coast of Stromboli could have been caused by the interaction of successive waves triggered by the same landslide. In addition, we also describe the influence that the bathymetry had on the waves propagation and interaction.

ACS Style

Alessandro Fornaciai; Massimiliano Favalli; Luca Nannipieri. Reconstruction of the 2002 tsunami at Stromboli using the Non-Hydrostatic WAVE model (NHWAVE). Geological Society, London, Special Publications 2021, SP519 -2020.

AMA Style

Alessandro Fornaciai, Massimiliano Favalli, Luca Nannipieri. Reconstruction of the 2002 tsunami at Stromboli using the Non-Hydrostatic WAVE model (NHWAVE). Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 2021; ():SP519-2020.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alessandro Fornaciai; Massimiliano Favalli; Luca Nannipieri. 2021. "Reconstruction of the 2002 tsunami at Stromboli using the Non-Hydrostatic WAVE model (NHWAVE)." Geological Society, London, Special Publications , no. : SP519-2020.

Journal article
Published: 23 March 2021 in Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
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Mapping lava flows frequently during effusive eruptions provides crucial parameters to better understand their dynamics, in turn improving our ability to model lava flow behavior. New photogrammetric methods have recently been developed, shifting the paradigm of photogrammetry from pure method to a multidisciplinary approach able to reduce the cost of volcanic monitoring and widen the potential spectrum of application. In this work, we demonstrate how multi‐view and single‐view photogrammetry methods can be used effectively to extract accurate quantitative information from photographs taken during routine surveys over an active lava flow. One intriguing advantage of these methods is that they can re‐use images acquired previously to extract new data from past eruptions. In particular, we reconstructed quantitatively the evolution of the lava flow field emplaced during 2004‐05 at Mt. Etna, subdivided in five eruptive phases from the earliest simple lava flows to the final compound lava field about six months later. Our results show that, in the first week of eruption, lava field formation was characterized by an increasing lava length that followed a power law growth and by a decreasing front velocity that followed a power law as well. Thereafter, the length increasing became almost constant until the developed lava tube system was able to drain the lava for long distances, with the area inundated by lava that grew linearly in the first 20 days. Finally, we demonstrate the crucial role that the syn‐eruptive DEMs acquisition could have to improve our understanding of the emplacement dynamics of complex lava fields.

ACS Style

Alessandro Fornaciai; Daniele Andronico; Massimiliano Favalli; Letizia Spampinato; Stefano Branca; Luigi Lodato; Alessandro Bonforte; Luca Nannipieri. The 2004–2005 Mt. Etna Compound Lava Flow Field: A Retrospective Analysis by Combining Remote and Field Methods. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 2021, 126, 1 .

AMA Style

Alessandro Fornaciai, Daniele Andronico, Massimiliano Favalli, Letizia Spampinato, Stefano Branca, Luigi Lodato, Alessandro Bonforte, Luca Nannipieri. The 2004–2005 Mt. Etna Compound Lava Flow Field: A Retrospective Analysis by Combining Remote and Field Methods. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2021; 126 (3):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alessandro Fornaciai; Daniele Andronico; Massimiliano Favalli; Letizia Spampinato; Stefano Branca; Luigi Lodato; Alessandro Bonforte; Luca Nannipieri. 2021. "The 2004–2005 Mt. Etna Compound Lava Flow Field: A Retrospective Analysis by Combining Remote and Field Methods." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 126, no. 3: 1.

Journal article
Published: 09 May 2020 in Volcanica
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Unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS) are developing into fundamental tools for tackling the grand challenges in volcanology; here, we review the systems used and their diverse applications. UAS can typically provide image and topographic data at two orders of magnitude better spatial resolution than space-based remote sensing, and close-range observations at temporal resolutions down to those of video frame rates. Responsive deployments facilitate dense time-series measurements, unique opportunities for geophysical surveys, sample collection from hostile environments such as volcanic plumes and crater lakes, and emergency deployment of ground-based sensors (and robots) into hazardous regions. UAS have already been used to support hazard management and decision-makers during eruptive crises. As technologies advance, increasing system capabilities, autonomy and availability, supported by more diverse and lighter-weight sensors, will offer unparalleled potential for hazard monitoring. UAS will provide opportunities for pivotal advances in our understanding of complex physical and chemical volcanic processes.

ACS Style

Mike R James; Brett Carr; Fiona D'arcy; Angela Diefenbach; Hannah Dietterich; Allesandro Fornaciai; Einat Lev; Emma Liu; David Pieri; Mel Rodgers; Benoît Smets; Akihiko Terada; Felix Von Aulock; Thomas Walter; Kieran Wood; Edgar Zorn. Volcanological applications of unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS): Developments, strategies, and future challenges. Volcanica 2020, 3, 67 -114.

AMA Style

Mike R James, Brett Carr, Fiona D'arcy, Angela Diefenbach, Hannah Dietterich, Allesandro Fornaciai, Einat Lev, Emma Liu, David Pieri, Mel Rodgers, Benoît Smets, Akihiko Terada, Felix Von Aulock, Thomas Walter, Kieran Wood, Edgar Zorn. Volcanological applications of unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS): Developments, strategies, and future challenges. Volcanica. 2020; 3 (1):67-114.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mike R James; Brett Carr; Fiona D'arcy; Angela Diefenbach; Hannah Dietterich; Allesandro Fornaciai; Einat Lev; Emma Liu; David Pieri; Mel Rodgers; Benoît Smets; Akihiko Terada; Felix Von Aulock; Thomas Walter; Kieran Wood; Edgar Zorn. 2020. "Volcanological applications of unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS): Developments, strategies, and future challenges." Volcanica 3, no. 1: 67-114.

Journal article
Published: 30 January 2020 in Remote Sensing
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The geomorphological evolution of the volcanic Island of Stromboli (Italy) between July 2010 and June 2019 has been reconstructed by using multi-temporal, multi-platform remote sensing data. Digital elevation models (DEMs) from PLÉIADES-1 tri-stereo images and from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) acquisitions allowed for topographic changes estimation. Data were comprised of high-spatial-resolution (QUICKBIRD) and moderate spatial resolution (SENTINEL-2) satellite images that allowed for the mapping of areas that were affected by major lithological and morphological changes. PLÉIADES tri-stereo and LiDAR DEMs have been quantitatively and qualitatively compared and, although there are artefacts in the smaller structures (e.g., ridges and valleys), there is still a clear consistency between the two DEMs for the larger structures (as the main valleys and ridges). The period between July 2010 and May 2012 showed only minor changes consisting of volcanoclastic sedimentation and some overflows outside the crater. Otherwise, between May 2012 and May 2017, large topographic changes occurred that were related to the emplacement of the 2014 lava flow in the NE part of the Sciara del Fuoco and to the accumulation of a volcaniclastic wedge in the central part of the Sciara del Fuoco. Between 2017 and 2019, minor changes were again detected due to small accumulation next to the crater terrace and the erosion in lower Sciara del Fuoco.

ACS Style

Federico Di Traglia; Alessandro Fornaciai; Massimiliano Favalli; Teresa Nolesini; Nicola Casagli. Catching Geomorphological Response to Volcanic Activity on Steep Slope Volcanoes Using Multi-Platform Remote Sensing. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 438 .

AMA Style

Federico Di Traglia, Alessandro Fornaciai, Massimiliano Favalli, Teresa Nolesini, Nicola Casagli. Catching Geomorphological Response to Volcanic Activity on Steep Slope Volcanoes Using Multi-Platform Remote Sensing. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (3):438.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Federico Di Traglia; Alessandro Fornaciai; Massimiliano Favalli; Teresa Nolesini; Nicola Casagli. 2020. "Catching Geomorphological Response to Volcanic Activity on Steep Slope Volcanoes Using Multi-Platform Remote Sensing." Remote Sensing 12, no. 3: 438.

Journal article
Published: 06 December 2019 in Scientific Reports
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Stromboli volcano (Aeolian Arc, Italy) experiences many mass failures along the Sciara del Fuoco (SdF) scar, which frequently trigger tsunamis of various sizes. In this work, we simulate tsunami waves generated by landslides occurring in the SdF through numerical simulations carried out in two steps: (i) the tsunami triggering, wave propagation and the effects on Stromboli are simulated using the 3D non-hydrostatic model NHWAVE; (ii) generated train waves are then input into the 2D Boussinesq model FUNWAVE-TVD to simulate wave propagation in the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea (STS). We simulated the following scenarios: (i) the tsunami runup, inland inundation and wave propagation at Stromboli triggered by submarine landslides with volumes of 6, 10, 15 and 20 × 106 m3 and subaerial landslides with volumes of 4, 6, 10 and 30 × 106 m3; (ii) tsunami propagation in the STS triggered by submarine landslides with volumes of 10 and 15 × 106 m3 and by subaerial landslides with volumes of 6 and 30 × 106 m3. We estimate that the damages of the last relevant tsunami at Stromboli, which occurred in 2002, could have been generated either by a subaqueous failure of about 15–20 × 106 m3 along the SdF or/and a subaerial failure of about 4–6 × 106 m3. The coasts most affected by this phenomenon are not necessarily located near the failure, because the bathymetry and topography can dramatically increase the waves heights locally. Tsunami waves are able to reach the first Stromboli populated beaches in just over 1 minute and the harbour in less than 7 minutes. After about 30 minutes the whole Aeolian Arc would be impacted by maximum tsunami waves. After 1 hour and 20 minutes, waves would encompass the whole STS arriving at Capri.

ACS Style

A. Fornaciai; M. Favalli; Luca Nannipieri. Numerical simulation of the tsunamis generated by the Sciara del Fuoco landslides (Stromboli Island, Italy). Scientific Reports 2019, 9, 1 -12.

AMA Style

A. Fornaciai, M. Favalli, Luca Nannipieri. Numerical simulation of the tsunamis generated by the Sciara del Fuoco landslides (Stromboli Island, Italy). Scientific Reports. 2019; 9 (1):1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Fornaciai; M. Favalli; Luca Nannipieri. 2019. "Numerical simulation of the tsunamis generated by the Sciara del Fuoco landslides (Stromboli Island, Italy)." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1: 1-12.

Journal article
Published: 14 December 2018 in Remote Sensing
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In situ and remote-sensing measurements have been used to characterize the run-up phase and the phenomena that occurred during the August–November 2014 flank eruption at Stromboli. Data comprise videos recorded by the visible and infrared camera network, ground displacement recorded by the permanent-sited Ku-band, Ground-Based Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (GBInSAR) device, seismic signals (band 0.02–10 Hz), and high-resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) reconstructed based on Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data and tri-stereo PLEIADES-1 imagery. This work highlights the importance of considering data from in situ sensors and remote-sensing platforms in monitoring active volcanoes. Comparison of data from live-cams, tremor amplitude, localization of Very-Long-Period (VLP) source and amplitude of explosion quakes, and ground displacements recorded by GBInSAR in the crater terrace provide information about the eruptive activity, nowcasting the shift in eruptive style of explosive to effusive. At the same time, the landslide activity during the run-up and onset phases could be forecasted and tracked using the integration of data from the GBInSAR and the seismic landslide index. Finally, the use of airborne and space-borne DEMs permitted the detection of topographic changes induced by the eruptive activity, allowing for the estimation of a total volume of 3.07 ± 0.37 × 106 m3 of the 2014 lava flow field emplaced on the steep Sciara del Fuoco slope.

ACS Style

Federico Di Traglia; Sonia Calvari; Luca D'Auria; Teresa Nolesini; Alessandro Bonaccorso; Alessandro Fornaciai; Antonietta Esposito; Antonio Cristaldi; Massimiliano Favalli; Nicola Casagli. The 2014 Effusive Eruption at Stromboli: New Insights from In Situ and Remote-Sensing Measurements. Remote Sensing 2018, 10, 2035 .

AMA Style

Federico Di Traglia, Sonia Calvari, Luca D'Auria, Teresa Nolesini, Alessandro Bonaccorso, Alessandro Fornaciai, Antonietta Esposito, Antonio Cristaldi, Massimiliano Favalli, Nicola Casagli. The 2014 Effusive Eruption at Stromboli: New Insights from In Situ and Remote-Sensing Measurements. Remote Sensing. 2018; 10 (12):2035.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Federico Di Traglia; Sonia Calvari; Luca D'Auria; Teresa Nolesini; Alessandro Bonaccorso; Alessandro Fornaciai; Antonietta Esposito; Antonio Cristaldi; Massimiliano Favalli; Nicola Casagli. 2018. "The 2014 Effusive Eruption at Stromboli: New Insights from In Situ and Remote-Sensing Measurements." Remote Sensing 10, no. 12: 2035.

Journal article
Published: 05 September 2018 in Sensors
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An innovative wireless sensor network (WSN) based on Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) technology for 3D accurate superficial monitoring of ground deformations, as landslides and subsidence, is proposed. The system has been designed and developed as part of an European Life+ project, called Wi-GIM (Wireless Sensor Network for Ground Instability Monitoring). The details of the architecture, the localization via wireless technology and data processing protocols are described. The flexibility and accuracy achieved by the UWB two-way ranging technique is analysed and compared with the traditional systems, such as robotic total stations (RTSs) and Ground-based Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (GB-InSAR), highlighting the pros and cons of the UWB solution to detect the surface movements. An extensive field trial campaign allows the validation of the system and the analysis of its sensitivity to different factors (e.g., sensor nodes inter-visibility, effects of the temperature, etc.). The Wi-GIM system represents a promising solution for landslide monitoring and it can be adopted in combination with traditional systems or as an alternative in areas where the available resources are inadequate. The versatility, easy/fast deployment and cost-effectiveness, together with good accuracy, make the Wi-GIM system a possible solution for municipalities that cannot afford expensive/complex systems to monitor potential landslides in their territory.

ACS Style

Lorenzo Mucchi; Sara Jayousi; Alessio Martinelli; Stefano Caputo; Emanuele Intrieri; Giovanni Gigli; Teresa Gracchi; Francesco Mugnai; Massimiliano Favalli; Alessandro Fornaciai; Luca Nannipieri. A Flexible Wireless Sensor Network Based on Ultra-Wide Band Technology for Ground Instability Monitoring. Sensors 2018, 18, 1 .

AMA Style

Lorenzo Mucchi, Sara Jayousi, Alessio Martinelli, Stefano Caputo, Emanuele Intrieri, Giovanni Gigli, Teresa Gracchi, Francesco Mugnai, Massimiliano Favalli, Alessandro Fornaciai, Luca Nannipieri. A Flexible Wireless Sensor Network Based on Ultra-Wide Band Technology for Ground Instability Monitoring. Sensors. 2018; 18 (9):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lorenzo Mucchi; Sara Jayousi; Alessio Martinelli; Stefano Caputo; Emanuele Intrieri; Giovanni Gigli; Teresa Gracchi; Francesco Mugnai; Massimiliano Favalli; Alessandro Fornaciai; Luca Nannipieri. 2018. "A Flexible Wireless Sensor Network Based on Ultra-Wide Band Technology for Ground Instability Monitoring." Sensors 18, no. 9: 1.

Preprint
Published: 20 July 2018
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An innovative wireless sensor network (WSN) based on Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) technology for 3D accurate superficial monitoring of ground deformations, as landslides and subsidence, is proposed. The system has been designed and developed as part of an European Life+ project, called Wi-GIM (Wireless Sensor Network for Ground Instability Monitoring). The details of the architecture, the localization via wireless technology and data processing protocols are described. The flexibility and accuracy achieved by the UWB two-way ranging technique is analysed and compared with the traditional systems, such as robotic total stations (RTSs), Ground-based Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (GB-InSAR), highlighting the pros and cons of the UWB solution to detect the surface movements. An extensive field trial campaign allows the validation of the system and the analysis of its sensitivity to different factors (e.g., sensor nodes inter-visibility, effects of the temperature, etc.). The Wi-GIM system represents a promising solution for landslide monitoring and it can be adopted in conjunction with traditional systems or as an alternative in areas where the available resources are inadequate. The versatility, easy/fast deployment and cost-effectiveness, together with the good accuracy, make the Wi-GIM system a possible solution for municipalities that cannot afford expensive/complex systems to monitor potential landslides in their territory.

ACS Style

Lorenzo Mucchi; Sara Jayousi; Alessio Martinelli; Stefano Caputo; Emanuele Intrieri; Giovanni Gigli; Teresa Gracchi; Francesco Mugnai; Massimiliano Favalli; Alessandro Fornaciai; Luca Nannipieri. A Flexible Wireless Sensor Network based on Ultra-Wide Band Technology for Ground Instability Monitoring. 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Lorenzo Mucchi, Sara Jayousi, Alessio Martinelli, Stefano Caputo, Emanuele Intrieri, Giovanni Gigli, Teresa Gracchi, Francesco Mugnai, Massimiliano Favalli, Alessandro Fornaciai, Luca Nannipieri. A Flexible Wireless Sensor Network based on Ultra-Wide Band Technology for Ground Instability Monitoring. . 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lorenzo Mucchi; Sara Jayousi; Alessio Martinelli; Stefano Caputo; Emanuele Intrieri; Giovanni Gigli; Teresa Gracchi; Francesco Mugnai; Massimiliano Favalli; Alessandro Fornaciai; Luca Nannipieri. 2018. "A Flexible Wireless Sensor Network based on Ultra-Wide Band Technology for Ground Instability Monitoring." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2018 in Engineering Geology
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ACS Style

Emanuele Intrieri; Giovanni Gigli; Teresa Gracchi; Massimiliano Nocentini; Luca Lombardi; Francesco Mugnai; William Frodella; Giovanni Bertolini; Ennio Carnevale; Massimiliano Favalli; Alessandro Fornaciai; Jordi Marturià Alavedra; Lorenzo Mucchi; Luca Nannipieri; Xavier Rodriguez-Lloveras; Marco Pizziolo; Rosa Schina; Federico Trippi; Nicola Casagli. Application of an ultra-wide band sensor-free wireless network for ground monitoring. Engineering Geology 2018, 238, 1 -14.

AMA Style

Emanuele Intrieri, Giovanni Gigli, Teresa Gracchi, Massimiliano Nocentini, Luca Lombardi, Francesco Mugnai, William Frodella, Giovanni Bertolini, Ennio Carnevale, Massimiliano Favalli, Alessandro Fornaciai, Jordi Marturià Alavedra, Lorenzo Mucchi, Luca Nannipieri, Xavier Rodriguez-Lloveras, Marco Pizziolo, Rosa Schina, Federico Trippi, Nicola Casagli. Application of an ultra-wide band sensor-free wireless network for ground monitoring. Engineering Geology. 2018; 238 ():1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Emanuele Intrieri; Giovanni Gigli; Teresa Gracchi; Massimiliano Nocentini; Luca Lombardi; Francesco Mugnai; William Frodella; Giovanni Bertolini; Ennio Carnevale; Massimiliano Favalli; Alessandro Fornaciai; Jordi Marturià Alavedra; Lorenzo Mucchi; Luca Nannipieri; Xavier Rodriguez-Lloveras; Marco Pizziolo; Rosa Schina; Federico Trippi; Nicola Casagli. 2018. "Application of an ultra-wide band sensor-free wireless network for ground monitoring." Engineering Geology 238, no. : 1-14.

Research article
Published: 26 February 2018 in Bulletin of Volcanology
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During an eruption, time scales of topographic change are fast and involve vertical and planimetric evolution of millimeters to meters as the event progresses. Repeat production of high spatial resolution terrain models of lava flow fields over time scales of a few hours is thus a high-value capability in tracking the buildup of the deposit. Among the wide range of terrestrial and aerial methods available to collect such topographic data, the use of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) as an acquisition platform, together with structure from motion (SfM) photogrammetry, has become especially useful. This approach allows high-frequency production of centimeter-scale terrain models over kilometer-scale areas, including dangerous and inaccessible zones, with low cost and minimal hazard to personnel. This study presents the application of such an integrated UAV-SfM method to generate a high spatial resolution digital terrain model and orthomosaic of Mount Etna’s January–February 1974 lava flow field. The SfM method, applied to images acquired using a UAV platform, enabled the extraction of a very high spatial resolution (20 cm) digital elevation model and the generation of a 3-cm orthomosaic covering an area of 1.35 km2. This spatial resolution enabled us to analyze the morphology of sub-meter-scale features, such as folds, blocks, and cracks, over kilometer-scale areas. The 3-cm orthomosaic allowed us to further push the analysis to centimeter-scale grain size distribution of the lava surface. Using these data, we define three types of crust structure and relate them to positions within a channel-fed ʻaʻā flow system. These crust structures are (i) flow parallel shear lines, (ii) raft zones, and (iii) folded zones. Flow parallel shear lines are found at the channel edges, and are 2-m-wide and 0.25-m-deep zones running along the levee base and in which cracking is intense. They result from intense shearing between the moving channel lava and the static levee lava. In zones where initial levees are just beginning to form, these subtle features are the only marker that delimits the moving lava from the stagnant marginal lava. Rafts generally form as the system changes from a stable to a transitional channel regime. Over this 170-m-long zone, the channel broadens from 8 to 70 m and rafts are characterized by topographically higher and poorly cracked areas, surrounded by lower, heavily cracked areas. We interpret the rafts as forming due to breakup of crust zones, previously moving in a coherent manner in the narrow proximal channel reach. Folded zones involve arcuate, cross-flow ridges with their apexes pointing down-flow, where ridges have relatively small clasts and depressions are of coarser-grained breccia. Our folds have wavelengths of 10 m and amplitudes of 1 m; are found towards the flow front, down-flow of the raft zones; and are associated with piling up of lava behind a static or slowly moving flow front. The very high spatial resolution topographic data available from UAV-SfM allow us to resolve surfaces where roughness has a vertical and horizontal scale of variation that is less than 1 m. This is the case over pāhoehoe and ʻaʻā flow surfaces, and thus allows us to explore those new structures that are only apparent in the sub-metric data. Moreover, during future eruptions, the possibility to acquire such information in near-real time will allow a prompt analysis of developing lava flow fields and structures therein, such as developing lava channel systems, so as to contribute to timely hazard assessment, modeling, and projections.

ACS Style

Massimiliano Favalli; Alessandro Fornaciai; Luca Nannipieri; Andrew Harris; Sonia Calvari; Charline Lormand. UAV-based remote sensing surveys of lava flow fields: a case study from Etna’s 1974 channel-fed lava flows. Bulletin of Volcanology 2018, 80, 29 .

AMA Style

Massimiliano Favalli, Alessandro Fornaciai, Luca Nannipieri, Andrew Harris, Sonia Calvari, Charline Lormand. UAV-based remote sensing surveys of lava flow fields: a case study from Etna’s 1974 channel-fed lava flows. Bulletin of Volcanology. 2018; 80 (3):29.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Massimiliano Favalli; Alessandro Fornaciai; Luca Nannipieri; Andrew Harris; Sonia Calvari; Charline Lormand. 2018. "UAV-based remote sensing surveys of lava flow fields: a case study from Etna’s 1974 channel-fed lava flows." Bulletin of Volcanology 80, no. 3: 29.

Journal article
Published: 03 August 2017 in Annals of Geophysics
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The Seismic lines Offshore Mount Etna (SOME) database is presented. It consists of multichannel high-resolution seismic data acquired in 2005 off-shore Mount Etna (eastern Sicily). We describe first the acquisition of seismic lines and then the architecture of the data base. Finally we describe a very basic interpretation of some seismic lines to provide clear example of the potentiality of the seismic data sets in addressing relevant issues such as the occurrence of slope instabilities and the deformation style of the continental margin off shore mount Etna.

ACS Style

Francesco Mazzarini; Ilaria Isola; Marina Bisson; Luca Nannipieri; Massimiliano Favalli; Alessandro Fornaciai; Simone Tarquini. Seismic lines Offshore Mount Etna (SOME): open database. Annals of Geophysics 2017, 60, 0557 .

AMA Style

Francesco Mazzarini, Ilaria Isola, Marina Bisson, Luca Nannipieri, Massimiliano Favalli, Alessandro Fornaciai, Simone Tarquini. Seismic lines Offshore Mount Etna (SOME): open database. Annals of Geophysics. 2017; 60 (5):0557.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesco Mazzarini; Ilaria Isola; Marina Bisson; Luca Nannipieri; Massimiliano Favalli; Alessandro Fornaciai; Simone Tarquini. 2017. "Seismic lines Offshore Mount Etna (SOME): open database." Annals of Geophysics 60, no. 5: 0557.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2017 in Geomorphology
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ACS Style

Massimiliano Favalli; Alessandro Fornaciai. Visualization and comparison of DEM-derived parameters. Application to volcanic areas. Geomorphology 2017, 290, 69 -84.

AMA Style

Massimiliano Favalli, Alessandro Fornaciai. Visualization and comparison of DEM-derived parameters. Application to volcanic areas. Geomorphology. 2017; 290 ():69-84.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Massimiliano Favalli; Alessandro Fornaciai. 2017. "Visualization and comparison of DEM-derived parameters. Application to volcanic areas." Geomorphology 290, no. : 69-84.

Journal article
Published: 17 August 2016 in Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
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Lava flow simulations help to better understand volcanic hazards and may assist emergency preparedness at active volcanoes. We demonstrate that at Fogo Volcano, Cabo Verde, such simulations can explain the 2014–2015 lava flow crisis and therefore provide a valuable base to better prepare for the next inevitable eruption. We conducted topographic mapping in the field and a satellite-based remote sensing analysis. We produced the first topographic model of the 2014–2015 lava flow from combined terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) and photogrammetric data. This high-resolution topographic information facilitates lava flow volume estimates of 43.7 ± 5.2 × 106 m3 from the vertical difference between pre- and posteruptive topographies. Both the pre-eruptive and updated digital elevation models (DEMs) serve as the fundamental input data for lava flow simulations using the well-established DOWNFLOW algorithm. Based on thousands of simulations, we assess the lava flow hazard before and after the 2014–2015 eruption. We find that, although the lava flow hazard has changed significantly, it remains high at the locations of two villages that were destroyed during this eruption. This result is of particular importance as villagers have already started to rebuild the settlements. We also analysed satellite radar imagery acquired by the German TerraSAR-X (TSX) satellite to map lava flow emplacement over time. We obtain the lava flow boundaries every 6 to 11 days during the eruption, which assists the interpretation and evaluation of the lava flow model performance. Our results highlight the fact that lava flow hazards change as a result of modifications of the local topography due to lava flow emplacement. This implies the need for up-to-date topographic information in order to assess lava flow hazards. We also emphasize that areas that were once overrun by lava flows are not necessarily safer, even if local lava flow thicknesses exceed the average lava flow thickness. Our observations will be important for the next eruption of Fogo Volcano and have implications for future lava flow crises and disaster response efforts at basaltic volcanoes elsewhere in the world.

ACS Style

Nicole Richter; Massimiliano Favalli; Elske De Zeeuw-Van Dalfsen; Alessandro Fornaciai; Rui Manuel Da Silva Fernandes; Nemesio M. Pérez; Judith Levy; Sónia Silva Victória; Thomas R. Walter. Lava flow hazard at Fogo Volcano, Cabo Verde, before and after the 2014–2015 eruption. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 2016, 16, 1925 -1951.

AMA Style

Nicole Richter, Massimiliano Favalli, Elske De Zeeuw-Van Dalfsen, Alessandro Fornaciai, Rui Manuel Da Silva Fernandes, Nemesio M. Pérez, Judith Levy, Sónia Silva Victória, Thomas R. Walter. Lava flow hazard at Fogo Volcano, Cabo Verde, before and after the 2014–2015 eruption. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. 2016; 16 (8):1925-1951.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicole Richter; Massimiliano Favalli; Elske De Zeeuw-Van Dalfsen; Alessandro Fornaciai; Rui Manuel Da Silva Fernandes; Nemesio M. Pérez; Judith Levy; Sónia Silva Victória; Thomas R. Walter. 2016. "Lava flow hazard at Fogo Volcano, Cabo Verde, before and after the 2014–2015 eruption." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 8: 1925-1951.

Journal article
Published: 27 July 2016 in IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
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We present a workflow to create, scale, georeference, and integrate digital elevation models (DEMs) created using open-source structure-from-motion (SfM) multiview stereo (MVS) software into existing DEMs (as derived from the light detection and ranging data in the presented cases). The workflow also maps the root-mean-square error between the base DEM and the SfM surface model. This allows DEM creation from field-based surveys using consumer-grade digital cameras with open-source and custom-built software. We employ this workflow on three examples of different scales and morphology: 1) a scoria cone on Mt. Etna; 2) a lava channel on Mauna Ulu (Ki̅lauea); and 3) a flank collapse scar on Mt. Etna. This represents a new approach for rapid low-cost construction and updating of existing DEMs at high temporal and spatial resolutions and for areas of up to several thousand square meters. We assess the self-consistency of the method by comparison of DEMs of the same features, created from independent data sets acquired on the same day and from the same vantage points. We further evaluate the effect of grid cell size on the reconstruction error. This method uses existing DEMs as a georeferencing tool and can therefore be used in limited access and potentially hazardous areas as it no longer relies exclusively on control targets on the ground.

ACS Style

Stephan Kolzenburg; Massimiliano Favalli; Alessandro Fornaciai; Ilaria Isola; A. J. L. Harris; Luca Nannipieri; Daniele Giordano. Rapid Updating and Improvement of Airborne LIDAR DEMs Through Ground-Based SfM 3-D Modeling of Volcanic Features. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 2016, 54, 6687 -6699.

AMA Style

Stephan Kolzenburg, Massimiliano Favalli, Alessandro Fornaciai, Ilaria Isola, A. J. L. Harris, Luca Nannipieri, Daniele Giordano. Rapid Updating and Improvement of Airborne LIDAR DEMs Through Ground-Based SfM 3-D Modeling of Volcanic Features. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 2016; 54 (11):6687-6699.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stephan Kolzenburg; Massimiliano Favalli; Alessandro Fornaciai; Ilaria Isola; A. J. L. Harris; Luca Nannipieri; Daniele Giordano. 2016. "Rapid Updating and Improvement of Airborne LIDAR DEMs Through Ground-Based SfM 3-D Modeling of Volcanic Features." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 54, no. 11: 6687-6699.

Book chapter
Published: 06 June 2016 in Landslides and Engineered Slopes. Experience, Theory and Practice
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ACS Style

E Intrieri; G Gigli; M Nocentini; L Lombardi; N Casagli; L Mucchi; F Trippi; R Schina; E Carnevale; A Fornaciai; L Nannipieri; M Favalli; J Marturia; G Bertolini; M Pizziolo. Development of an innovative 3D position monitoring system for emergency applications based on wireless sensor network technology. Landslides and Engineered Slopes. Experience, Theory and Practice 2016, 1137 -1142.

AMA Style

E Intrieri, G Gigli, M Nocentini, L Lombardi, N Casagli, L Mucchi, F Trippi, R Schina, E Carnevale, A Fornaciai, L Nannipieri, M Favalli, J Marturia, G Bertolini, M Pizziolo. Development of an innovative 3D position monitoring system for emergency applications based on wireless sensor network technology. Landslides and Engineered Slopes. Experience, Theory and Practice. 2016; ():1137-1142.

Chicago/Turabian Style

E Intrieri; G Gigli; M Nocentini; L Lombardi; N Casagli; L Mucchi; F Trippi; R Schina; E Carnevale; A Fornaciai; L Nannipieri; M Favalli; J Marturia; G Bertolini; M Pizziolo. 2016. "Development of an innovative 3D position monitoring system for emergency applications based on wireless sensor network technology." Landslides and Engineered Slopes. Experience, Theory and Practice , no. : 1137-1142.

Journal article
Published: 07 May 2016 in Geophysical Research Letters
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The quantification of the eruptive activity represents one major challenge in volcanology. Digital comparison of LiDAR-based elevation models of Etna (Italy) was made to quantify the volumes of volcanics emitted in 2007-2010. During this period, Etna produced several summit paroxysms followed by a flank eruption. We integrated the total volume difference resulting from the subtraction of the 2007 and 2010 DEMs with volumes of eruptive products based on field and aerial surveys to attribute volumes with hitherto unrealized precision to poorly constrained eruptions. The total erupted volume of 2007-2010 is >86 × 106 m3, most (~74 × 106 m3) of which is made up by the lava flows of the 2008-2009 flank eruption. The survey also reveals the high lava volume (5.73 × 106 m3) and average eruption rate (~400 m3 s-1) of the 10 May 2008 paroxysm, whose flow front stopped 6.2 km from the vent, not far from the town of Zafferana Etnea.

ACS Style

Boris Behncke; Alessandro Fornaciai; Marco Neri; Massimiliano Favalli; Gaetana Ganci; Francesco Mazzarini. Lidar surveys reveal eruptive volumes and rates at Etna, 2007-2010. Geophysical Research Letters 2016, 43, 4270 -4278.

AMA Style

Boris Behncke, Alessandro Fornaciai, Marco Neri, Massimiliano Favalli, Gaetana Ganci, Francesco Mazzarini. Lidar surveys reveal eruptive volumes and rates at Etna, 2007-2010. Geophysical Research Letters. 2016; 43 (9):4270-4278.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Boris Behncke; Alessandro Fornaciai; Marco Neri; Massimiliano Favalli; Gaetana Ganci; Francesco Mazzarini. 2016. "Lidar surveys reveal eruptive volumes and rates at Etna, 2007-2010." Geophysical Research Letters 43, no. 9: 4270-4278.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2016 in Geomorphology
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Original volcanic edifices of two successive stages of Gran Canaria are reconstructed using a geomorphometric analysis of existent or restored paleosurfaces. In the reconstruction, surface fitting was applied preferably to planèzes (i.e. triangular facets of original volcano flanks) and quasi-planar surfaces, QPS (those occurring on planèzes, or scattered, slightly eroded portions derived from original cone surfaces) with the help of red relief image map (RRIM) analysis. Out of the long-lasting, Mid-Miocene to Holocene subaerial evolution of the island, the Late Miocene Fataga volcano and the subsequent, Pliocene Roque Nublo volcanoes were the largest and highest. The eruptive center of Fataga, a composite edifice (12.2–8.8 Ma) that may have grown up excentrically with respect to the previous Tejeda caldera, is well-defined by both two planèzes (named Veneguera–Mogán and Fataga–Tirajana) and QPS remnants. Its calculated original volume, ≤ 1000 km3, is close to the largest stratovolcanoes on Earth. However, its ≥ 3300 m elevation, obtained by exponential fit, may have been significantly lower due to the complex architecture of the summit region, e.g. a caldera responsible for ignimbrite eruptions. Roque Nublo, a 3.7–2.9 Ma stratovolcanic cone, which was superimposed upon the Fataga rocks ≥ 3 km west of the Fataga center, has left no considerable paleosurfaces behind due to heavy postvolcanic erosion. Yet, its remnant formations preserved in a radial pattern unambiguously define its center. Moreover, surface fitting of the outcropping rocks can be corrected taking the erosion rate for the past 3 Ma into account. Such a corrected surface fit points to a regular-shaped, ≥ 3000 m-high cone with a 25 km radius and ca. 940 km3 original volume, also comparable with the dimensions of the largest terrestrial stratovolcanoes.

ACS Style

D. Karátson; Jorge Yepes; M. Favalli; Martín Jesús Rodríguez-Peces; Alessandro Fornaciai. Reconstructing eroded paleovolcanoes on Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, using advanced geomorphometry. Geomorphology 2016, 253, 123 -134.

AMA Style

D. Karátson, Jorge Yepes, M. Favalli, Martín Jesús Rodríguez-Peces, Alessandro Fornaciai. Reconstructing eroded paleovolcanoes on Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, using advanced geomorphometry. Geomorphology. 2016; 253 ():123-134.

Chicago/Turabian Style

D. Karátson; Jorge Yepes; M. Favalli; Martín Jesús Rodríguez-Peces; Alessandro Fornaciai. 2016. "Reconstructing eroded paleovolcanoes on Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, using advanced geomorphometry." Geomorphology 253, no. : 123-134.

Journal article
Published: 21 July 2015 in Bulletin of Volcanology
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During the 2001 eruption of Mount Etna, two independent vent systems simultaneously erupted two different lavas. The Upper Vents system (UV), opened between 3100 and 2650 m a.s.l., emitted products that are markedly porphyritic and rich in plagioclase, while the Lower Vents system (LV), opened at 2100 and 2550 m a.s.l., emitted products that are sparsely porphyritic with scarce plagioclase. In this study, the crystal size distributions (CSDs) of plagioclase were measured for a series of 14 samples collected from all the main flows of the 2001 eruption. The coefficient of R 2 determination was used to evaluate the goodness of fit of linear models to the CSDs, and the results are represented as a grid of R 2 values by using a numerical code developed ad hoc. R 2 diagrams suggest that the 2001 products can be separated into two main groups with slightly different characteristics: plagioclase CSDs from the UVs can be modeled by three straight lines with different slopes while the plagioclase CSDs from the LVs are largely concave. We have interpreted the CSDs of the UVs as representing three different populations of plagioclases: (i) the large phenocrysts (type I), which started to crystallize at lower cooling rate in a deep reservoir from 13 to 8 months before eruption onset; (ii) the phenocrysts (type II), which crystallized largely during continuous degassing in a shallow reservoir; and (iii) the microlites, which crystallized during magma ascent immediately prior to the eruption. The plagioclase CSD curves for the LVs lava are interpreted to reflect strong and rapid changes in undercooling induced by strong and sudden degassing.

ACS Style

Alessandro Fornaciai; Cristina Perinelli; Pietro Armienti; Massimiliano Favalli. Crystal size distributions of plagioclase in lavas from the July–August 2001 Mount Etna eruption. Bulletin of Volcanology 2015, 77, 1 -15.

AMA Style

Alessandro Fornaciai, Cristina Perinelli, Pietro Armienti, Massimiliano Favalli. Crystal size distributions of plagioclase in lavas from the July–August 2001 Mount Etna eruption. Bulletin of Volcanology. 2015; 77 (8):1-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alessandro Fornaciai; Cristina Perinelli; Pietro Armienti; Massimiliano Favalli. 2015. "Crystal size distributions of plagioclase in lavas from the July–August 2001 Mount Etna eruption." Bulletin of Volcanology 77, no. 8: 1-15.

Book chapter
Published: 19 March 2013 in Large Igneous Provinces
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Periodic lava sampling was carried out at the active vents during the entire duration of the 28 December 2002 to 22 July 2003 effusive eruption. Major and trace element bulk rock analyses were performed at different laboratories, thereby acquiring four independent sets of analysis. Nd and Sr isotope ratios were obtained on whole rocks and groundmasses, together with micro-Sr isotope analyses on plagioclase and clinopyroxene by microdrilling technique. Crystal size distribution, mineral, and glassy matrix chemistry were analyzed on selected samples. The products show a fairly homogeneous composition, close to that of the crystal-rich scoria that erupted in the previous years. Slight variations of trace elements and isotope ratios between products that erupted before and after the 5 April paroxysm are likely accounted for by limited mixing between the fresh, volatile-rich magma that erupted during the paroxysm and the volatile-poor magma feeding the lava flow. Micro-Sr isotope data show large isotopic disequilibria pointing to the persistence of highly Sr-radiogenic xenocrysts or crystal cores in the shallow magmatic system, probably recycled from the previous activity. Data rule out important changes in the dynamics of the plumbing system shortly before the eruption. A discrete input of deep magma into the lower part of the shallow system some months before the eruption may be at the origin of the increase of the magmatostatic pressure in the conduits, leading to the effusive eruption. An alternative hypothesis considers a nearly steady-state feeding system undergoing gradual, long-term pressure increase in its upper part, eventually leading to periodic lava effusions.

ACS Style

P. Landi; L. Francalanci; R. A. Corsaro; Chiara Maria Petrone; Alessandro Fornaciai; M. R. Carroll; I. Nardini; L. Miraglia. Textural and Compositional Characteristics of Lavas Emitted During the December 2002 to July 2003 Stromboli Eruption (Italy): Inferences on Magma Dynamics. Large Igneous Provinces 2013, 182, 213 -228.

AMA Style

P. Landi, L. Francalanci, R. A. Corsaro, Chiara Maria Petrone, Alessandro Fornaciai, M. R. Carroll, I. Nardini, L. Miraglia. Textural and Compositional Characteristics of Lavas Emitted During the December 2002 to July 2003 Stromboli Eruption (Italy): Inferences on Magma Dynamics. Large Igneous Provinces. 2013; 182 ():213-228.

Chicago/Turabian Style

P. Landi; L. Francalanci; R. A. Corsaro; Chiara Maria Petrone; Alessandro Fornaciai; M. R. Carroll; I. Nardini; L. Miraglia. 2013. "Textural and Compositional Characteristics of Lavas Emitted During the December 2002 to July 2003 Stromboli Eruption (Italy): Inferences on Magma Dynamics." Large Igneous Provinces 182, no. : 213-228.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2012 in Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
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Simone Tarquini; Massimiliano Favalli; Francesco Mazzarini; Ilaria Isola; Alessandro Fornaciai. Morphometric analysis of lava flow units: Case study over LIDAR-derived topography at Mount Etna, Italy. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 2012, 235-236, 11 -22.

AMA Style

Simone Tarquini, Massimiliano Favalli, Francesco Mazzarini, Ilaria Isola, Alessandro Fornaciai. Morphometric analysis of lava flow units: Case study over LIDAR-derived topography at Mount Etna, Italy. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 2012; 235-236 ():11-22.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Simone Tarquini; Massimiliano Favalli; Francesco Mazzarini; Ilaria Isola; Alessandro Fornaciai. 2012. "Morphometric analysis of lava flow units: Case study over LIDAR-derived topography at Mount Etna, Italy." Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 235-236, no. : 11-22.