Objective: this study is aimed to develop marine resources which is focused on the determination of phytochemical composition and exploration of seaweeds Ulva Lactuca and Eucheuma cotonii, as a potential anti-breast cancer and anti-colorectal cancer agents. Methods: Seaweeds Ulva Lactuca collected from Parangtritis beach, Yogyakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Whereas Eucheuma cottonii collected from Salemo island, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Seaweeds U. lactuca and E. cottonii were macerated in organic solvents, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol, respectively. After maceration for three days, the mixture was filtered, the filtrate was concentrated by rotary evaporator. The concentrated extract of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and chloroform were then analyzed by thin layer chromatography. Phytochemical test of the concentrated extract were conducted to identify the metabolites containing in the seaweeds. Furthermore, the cytotoxic activity of the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and chloroform extract of Ulva Lactuca and Eucheuma cotonii were evaluated as a growth inhibitor of breast MCF-7 and colorectal HCT-116 cancer cells by MTT cell proliferation assay. Results: Phytochemical test for the concentrated extracts of Ulva Lactuca showed the positive result for metabolites of steroids, glycosides, flavonoid,and tannin. While the concentrated extracts of E. cottonii showed positive result for metabolites of steroids, glycosides, and flavonoid. Both concentrated extracts of Ulva lactuca and Eucheuma cotonii exhibited anticancer activity against breast MCF-7 and colorectal HCT-116 cells with IC50 ranging of 21 µg/mL to 99 µg/mL . Conclusion: Our results clearly demonstrate seaweeds Ulva Lactuca and Eucheuma cotonii as a promising candidates for the new anti-breast and anti-colorectal cancer agents. Keywords: Phytochemistry, Ulva Lactuca, Eucheuma cotonii , anticancer, breast MCF-7, colorectal HCT-116

Sari RF, et al. Clin Exp Vaccine Res. 2024 Apr;13(2):91-104. https://doi.org/10.7774/cevr.2024.13.2.91

Eugenol (EU) is a phenylpropene, an allyl chain-substituted guaiacol. EU is a member of the phenylpropanoids class of chemical compounds. It is acolorless to pale yellow oily liquid extracted from certain essential oils especially from clove oil. Further, chemopreventive agents might be used singlyor in combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy for the more effective treatment of cancer by enhancing the efficacy of these modalities withminimal side effects and toxicity. Considering that EU scaffold may be a prospective chemopreventive agent, its potent antitumor ability to interferewith solid cancer cell growth and its molecular mechanism were evaluated as an initiative toward the development of a novel strategy for cancertreatment. This review article will conduct that EU as the antiproliferative activity and molecular mechanism of the EU induced apoptosis against thecancer cells and animal models.Keywords: Eugenol, Derivatives of eugenol, Scaffold, Anticancer, Phenylpropanoids.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the achievement of high school students' scientific literacy skills based on the Nature of Science Literacy Test (NOSLiT). The instruments used were adapted and modified according to Indonesian culture. The author uses descriptive research methods. The study was conducted by taking a random sample of high school students in class XI in Surakarta. The results showed that students' literacy skills were categorized as low with an average achievement of 40.5%. The results obtained in accordance with the ability of students to analyze, develop concepts, and how to solve the problems contained in the problem. To improve students' literacy skills in biological content there needs to be more effective learning methods and to increase student curiosity. Keywords: Scientific literacy, NOSLiT, Biology Abstrak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pencapaian keterampilan literasi sains siswa sekolah menengah atas berdasarkan hasil pengukuran menggunakan Nature of Science Literacy Test (NOSLiT). Instrumen yang digunakan diadaptasi dan dimodifikasi sesuai dengan budaya Indonesia. Penulis menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel secara acak kepada siswa sekolah menengah atas kelas XI di Kota Surakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterampilan literasi siswa dikategorikan rendah dengan rata-rata pencapaian 40,5%. Hasil yang didapatkan sesuai dengan kemampuan siswa dalam menganalisis, membangun konsep, dan cara menyelesaikan masalah yang terdapat dalam soal. Untuk meningkatkan kemampuan literasi siswa pada konten biologi perlu adanya metode belajar yang lebih efektif dan meningkatkan rasa ingin tahu siswa.

Insulin resistance is a metabolic disorder characterized by the decreased response to insulin in muscle, liver, and adipose cells. This condition remains a complex phenomenon that involves several genetic defects and environmental stresses. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of known phytochemical constituents of Tinospora crispa and its interaction with insulin-resistant target proteins by using network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Tinoscorside A, Makisterone C, Borapetoside A and B, and β sitosterol consider the main phytoconstituents of Tinospora crispa by its binding with active sites of main protein targets of insulin resistance potential therapy. Moreover, Tinoscorside A was revealed from the docking analysis as the ligand that binds most strongly to the target protein, PI3K. This finding was strengthened by the results of MD simulation, which stated that the conformational stability of the ligand-protein complex was achieved at 15 ns and the formation of hydrogen bonds at the active site. In conclusion, Tinospora crispa is one of the promising therapeutic agent in type 2 diabetes mellitus management. Regulation in glucose homeostasis, adipolysis, cell proliferation, and antiapoptosis are predicted to be the critical mechanism of Tinospora crispa as an insulin sensitizer.

Breast cancer is the 3^rd most common cancer in the world and the most common one in women. An alternative pharmacological treatment for breast cancer is needed. Kaempferia pandurata is an endemic plant in Asia which is known for its biological activity, of which is an anticancer activity with its most abundant bioactive compound, pinostrobin. The rhizome of Kaempferia pandurata is dried and extracted using maseration with n-Hexane solvent. The extract then isolated using the recrystallization method in methanol solvent to produce pinostrobin crystal. Pinostrobin is manufactured into nanoparticle using chitosan and sodium alginate polymer, which then analyzed using TEM and UV-Vis test. The pinostrobin and its nanoparticle counterpart are tested in MTT assay to show its inhibitory activity and then analyzed. TEM and UV-Vis test to the nanoparticle of pinostrobin showed the nanoparticle's dimension of <200 nm with a yield of 99.43%. MTT assay showed good anticancer activity from both pinostrobin and its nanoparticle. Better activity is shown by MDAMB-231 cell, while nanoparticle of pinostrobin showed better activity. The nanoparticle of pinostrobin has been manufactured with a decent yield and dimension. Better anticancer activity is shown in pinostrobin nanoparticle while the anticancer activity of MDAMB-231 cell is superior to MCF-7 cell for both samples. Pinostrobin can be considered as a potential drug for breast cancer.