Cisplatin cis-(diammine)dichloridoplatinum(II) (CDDP) is the first platinum-based complex approved by the food and drug administration (FDA) of the United States (US). Cisplatin is the first line chemotherapeutic agent used alone or combined with radiations or other anti-cancer agents for a broad range of cancers such as lung, head and neck. Aroplatin™, Lipoplatin™ and SPI-077 are PEGylated liposome-based nano-formulations that are still under clinical trials. They have many limitations, for example, poor aqueous solubility, drug resistance and toxicities, which can be overcome by encapsulating the cisplatin in Nemours nanocarriers. The extensive literature from different electronic databases covers the different nano-delivery systems that are developed for cisplatin. This review critically emphasizes on the recent advancement, development, innovations and updated literature reported for different carrier systems for CDDP.

Hydrogels are basically three-dimensional network structures which are formulated from specific natural and synthetic polymers. They have the ability to absorb and carry sufficient quantity of water in their porous structure. Hydrogels can be formulated from natural as well as synthetic polymers. The characteristics of an ideal hydrogel are good permeability, biocompatibility, flexibility and viscoelasticity. There are numerous technologies and method of preparation for hydrogels which are briefly discussed in this review. There are various routes of hydrogel drug delivery into the body including oral, rectal, ocular, subcutaneous, rectal, vaginal and transdermal routes. Hydrogels are suitable candidates for drug delivery as they are biocompatible and can also be degraded when made from bio degradable polymers. Now-a-days hydrogels are extensively used for drug delivery. Hydrogels have much biomedical and pharmaceutical application, among which transdermal drug delivery is remarkable. The formulation of hydrogel-based patch has recently gained much importance because of its unique properties. Hydrogels which are mostly synthesized from hydrophilic polymers have the capacity to hold substantial amount of water ranging from 10-20% and may goes up to 1000’s times of their dry weight. This substantial amount of water in hydrogels plays an important role in skin elasticity and moisturization making them suitable dosage form for topical use. In this review, we have briefly described the hydrogels, their types and classification, characteristics, method of preparation, different monomers and polymers used in their formulation, their applications in different fields particularly their role in topical drug delivery is elaborated.

Mesoporous silica nanomaterials (MSNs) have made remarkable achievements and are being thought of by researchers as materials that can be used to effect great change in cancer therapies, gene delivery, and drug delivery because of their optically transparent properties, flexible size, functional surface, low toxicity profile, and very good drug loading competence. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) show a very high loading capacity for therapeutic agents. It is well known that cancer is one of the most severe known medical conditions, characterized by cells that grow and spread rapidly. Thus, curtailing cancer is one of the greatest current challenges for scientists. Nanotechnology is an evolving field of study, encompassing medicine, engineering, and science, and it has evolved over the years with respect to cancer therapy. This review outlines the applications of mesoporous nanomaterials in the field of cancer theranostics, as well as drug and gene delivery. MSNs employed as therapeutic agents, as well as their importance and future prospects in the ensuing generation of cancer theranostics and drug and therapeutic gene delivery, are discussed herein. Thus, the use of mesoporous silica nanomaterials can be seen as using one stone to kill three birds.

Traditional synthetic techniques for silver nanoparticles synthesis involve toxic chemicals that are harmful to humans as well as the environment. The green chemistry method for nanoparticle synthesis is rapid, eco-friendly, and less toxic as compared to the traditional methods. In the present research, we synthesized silver nanoparticles employing a green chemistry approach from Parthenium hysterophorus leaf extract. The optimized parthenium silver nanoparticles (PrSNPs) had a mean particle size of 187.87 ± 4.89 nm with a narrow size distribution of 0.226 ± 0.009 and surface charge −34 ± 3.12 mV, respectively. The physicochemical characterization of optimized SNPs was done by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Moreover, the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis indicates the spherical shape of NPs with an average diameter of 20–25 nm. PrSNPs were investigated for in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, and showed excellent profiles. The cytotoxic activity was analyzed against two cancer cell lines, i.e., B16F10 and HepG2 for 24 h and 48 h. PrSNPs proved to be an excellent anticancer agent. These PrSNPs were also employed for the treatment of wastewater by monitoring the E. coli count, and it turned out to be reduced by 58%; hence these NPs could be used for disinfecting water. Hence, we can propose that PrSNPs could be a suitable candidate as an antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor agent for the treatment of several ailments.