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Guus Leenders
KU Leuven, ESAT-DRAMCO, Ghent Technology Campus, Ghent 9000, Belgium

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Review
Published: 29 January 2021 in Sensors
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Long-range wireless connectivity technologies for sensors and actuators open the door for a variety of new Internet of Things (IoT) applications. These technologies can be deployed to establish new monitoring capabilities and enhance efficiency of services in a rich diversity of domains. Low energy consumption is essential to enable battery-powered IoT nodes with a long autonomy. This paper explains the challenges posed by combining low-power and long-range connectivity. An energy breakdown demonstrates the dominance of transmit and sleep energy. The principles for achieving both low-power and wide-area are outlined, and the landscape of available networking technologies that are suited to connect remote IoT nodes is sketched. The typical anatomy of such a node is presented, and the subsystems are zoomed into. The art of designing remote IoT devices requires an application-oriented approach, where a meticulous design and smart operation are essential to grant a long battery life. In particular we demonstrate the importance of strategies such as “think before you talk” and “race to sleep”. As maintenance of IoT nodes is often cumbersome due to being deployed at hard to reach places, extending the battery life of these devices is critical. Moreover, the environmental impact of batteries further demonstrates the need for a longer battery life in order to reduce the number of batteries used.

ACS Style

Gilles Callebaut; Guus Leenders; Jarne Van Mulders; Geoffrey Ottoy; Lieven De Strycker; Liesbet Van der Perre. The Art of Designing Remote IoT Devices—Technologies and Strategies for a Long Battery Life. Sensors 2021, 21, 913 .

AMA Style

Gilles Callebaut, Guus Leenders, Jarne Van Mulders, Geoffrey Ottoy, Lieven De Strycker, Liesbet Van der Perre. The Art of Designing Remote IoT Devices—Technologies and Strategies for a Long Battery Life. Sensors. 2021; 21 (3):913.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gilles Callebaut; Guus Leenders; Jarne Van Mulders; Geoffrey Ottoy; Lieven De Strycker; Liesbet Van der Perre. 2021. "The Art of Designing Remote IoT Devices—Technologies and Strategies for a Long Battery Life." Sensors 21, no. 3: 913.

Journal article
Published: 30 January 2019 in Sensors
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Many commercial platforms for fast prototyping have gained support for lpwan technologies. However, these solutions do not meet the low-cost and low-power requirements for a large-scale distribution of battery-powered sensor nodes. This paper presents the design, realization and validation of an open-source lpwan versatile platform. Energy and cost are considered key constraints for this hardware design. A power-efficient LoRa radio interface is implemented by hosting MAC functionality on the application microcontroller, eliminating the need for a modem. In the system architecture, power and cost savings are obtained by omitting and controlling lossy power circuitry. The resulting platform allows entry-level prototyping, while featuring an ultra-low sleep power of 25.2 μ W . This makes lpwan sensor applications accessible in domains that would otherwise require custom hardware development. The proposed design is validated by an illustrative but functional example of sensor nodes deployed in the field.

ACS Style

Bart Thoen; Gilles Callebaut; Guus Leenders; Stijn Wielandt. A Deployable LPWAN Platform for Low-Cost and Energy-Constrained IoT Applications. Sensors 2019, 19, 585 .

AMA Style

Bart Thoen, Gilles Callebaut, Guus Leenders, Stijn Wielandt. A Deployable LPWAN Platform for Low-Cost and Energy-Constrained IoT Applications. Sensors. 2019; 19 (3):585.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bart Thoen; Gilles Callebaut; Guus Leenders; Stijn Wielandt. 2019. "A Deployable LPWAN Platform for Low-Cost and Energy-Constrained IoT Applications." Sensors 19, no. 3: 585.