Many studies of techniques to reduce the labia minora have been published in recent decades, including case reports and retrospective case series. However, to date, there has been no study of the overall complications or satisfaction rates associated with the broad spectrum of techniques. The authors performed a comprehensive literature review to determine outcomes and complications of labiaplasty techniques, including patient satisfaction. A search on PubMed/Medline was performed with the keywords labiaplasty, labioplasty, labial hypertrophy, and techniques plus labia minora reduction. The inclusion criterion was clinical studies in which techniques of labia minora reduction were described. Excluded from the study were publications not dealing with surgical procedures and review articles. Thirty-eight studies, published from 1971 through 2014, were included; this represented 1981 treated patients. Eight labiaplasty techniques were identified from these studies: edge resection, wedge resection, deepithelialization, W-plasty, laser labiaplasty, custom flask, fenestration, and composite reduction. Satisfactory results, judged from clinical examination, were observed with all 8 techniques. Few postoperative complications occurred. In a small number of cases, complications required surgical revision or secondary resection. All 8 labiaplasty techniques resulted in good outcomes, including high patient satisfaction and low morbidity. 4 Therapeutic

Objective. To determine the effect of six weeks of yoga and meditation on medical students’ levels of perceived stress and sense of wellbeing prior to taking their exams. Methods. We conducted a prospective case‐control study of first‐through‐third‐year medical students at our academic institution, measuring levels of perceived stress and sense of wellbeing before and after a six‐week yoga and meditation intervention. Questionnaires used for evaluation included the perceived stress scale (PSS) and self‐assessment surveys (SAS). The postintervention surveys were completed on the day of the students’ written exams. Results. A total of thirteen women and fourteen men participated. Median age was 28 (24 yrs–32 yrs). 48.1% were Caucasian, 7.4% Black, 11.1% Hispanic, 11.1% Asian, and 22.2% other. Paired t‐tests showed a statistically significant reduction in perceived stress (18.44 versus 14.52; p = 0.004) after the six‐week yoga and meditation program. After the yoga intervention, self‐assessment survey results showed a significant improvement in feelings of peace, focus, and endurance. Improvements in happiness, positivity, personal satisfaction, and self‐confidence were also seen. An improvement in unsubstantiated parameters such as patience and fatigue was observed. Conclusion. Yoga and meditation may be effective in reducing stress levels and improving aspects of personal wellbeing in medical students.

Fertility preservation in women affected by gynaecological cancer: the importance of an integrated gynaecological and psychological approach Valent